Name: two-photon in vivo imaging of dendritic spines in the mouse cortex using a thinned-skull preparation
Uploaded: 2014-05-12T22:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Two-Photon in vivo Imaging of Dendritic Spines in the Mouse Cortex Using a Thinned-skull Preparation at JoVE.com

私たちは、図解のためにジェームス·ペルナに感謝します。この作品は、YZに国立精神衛生研究所からの補助金によって支えられて

承認は、手術およびイメージング調査の開始前にホーム機関から取得する必要がある。この原稿に記載された実験は、カリフォルニア大学サンタクルーズ校施設内動物管理使用委員会からのガイドラインと規則に従って行った。 1。手術<ol><li>すべての手術器具をオートクレーブ徹底的に手術前に70％アルコールでワークスペースを殺菌。 </li><li> KX麻酔溶液（200 mg / kgの...

<ol>
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成功間引き頭蓋骨の準備を取得するには、このプロトコルにはいくつかのステップが重要である。 1）頭蓋骨の厚さ。頭蓋骨は、高密度緻密骨と低密度海綿骨の中間層の2層、サンドイッチ構造を有する。高速マイクロドリルは緻密骨と海綿骨の外側の層を除去するのに適しているが、顕微ブレードは緻密骨の内側の層を薄くするのに最適です。開発中に頭蓋骨の厚さが増加すると剛性ように?...

哺乳類の大脳皮質は、知覚と運動制御から抽象情報処理や認知に、多くの脳機能に参加しています。種々の皮質の機能は、個々のシナプスで情報を通信し、交換する異なるタイプのニューロンから構成されている異なる神経回路上に構築。シナプスの構造および機能は、一貫して経験や病状に応じて変更される。成熟した脳では、シナプス可塑性、機能性神経回路の形成と維持に重要な役割を果たして、両方の強さが変化し、シナプスの追加/削除の形をとる。樹状突起棘は、哺乳類の脳における興奮性シナプスの大多数のシナプス後要素である。一定の売上高および棘の形態学的変化は、シナプス結合1-7において変更が良い指標となると考えられている。 二光子レーザー走査マイクロSCOPYは厚く、不透明な準備と、無傷の脳8でのライブイメージングのために適しています、低光毒性を通じて深い浸透を提供しています。蛍光標識との組み合わせでは、2光子イメージングは​​、生きている脳に覗くと、高い空間分解能と時間分解能を有する個々のシナプスにおける構造的な再編成を追跡する強力なツールを提供しています。様々な方法がライブイメージングのために9-13匹のマウスを作製するために使用されている。ここでは、マウスの皮質におけるシナプス後樹状突起棘の構造的可塑性を調べるためのin vivo二光子イメージングの間引き頭蓋骨の調製を記載する。このアプローチを使用して、我々の最近の研究では、蛍光標識された神経細胞のサブセットおよびin vivo標識技術の急速な発展に伴い、トランスジェニック動物の増加可用性を使用した学習運動技能に応じて、樹状突起棘の変更のダイナミックな絵を描かれているが、ここで説明するのと同様の手順を適用することもできますinvestigaへteの他の細胞型および皮質領域、他の操作と組み合わせ、ならびに疾患モデル16-23で使用した。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1253">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">Ketamine</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Bioniche Pharma</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">67457-034-10</td>
			<td style="width:775px;">Mixed with xylazine for anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">Xylazine</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Lloyd laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">139-236</td>
			<td>Mixed with ketamine for anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">Saline</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Hospira</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">0409-7983-09</td>
			<td>0.9% NaCl for injection and imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:189px;">Razor blades</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Electron microscopy sciences</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">72000</td>
			<td>Double-edge stainless steel razor blades</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">Alcohol pads</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">06-669-62</td>
			<td>Sterile alcohol prep pads</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">Eye ointment</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Henry Schein</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">102-9470</td>
			<td>Petrolatum ophthalmic ointment sterile ocular lubricant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">High-speed micro drill</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">18000-17</td>
			<td>The high-speed micro drill is suitable for thinning the outer layer of compact bone and targeting a small area</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">Micro drill steel burrs</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">19007-14</td>
			<td>1.4 mm diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">Microsurgical blade</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Surgistar</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">6961</td>
			<td>The microsurgical blade is suitable for thinning the inner layer of compact bone and middler layer of spongy bone</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">Cyanoacrylate glue</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">NC9062131</td>
			<td>Fix the head plate onto the skull</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">Suture</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Havard Apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">510461</td>
			<td>Non-absorbale, sterile silk suture, 6-0 monofilament</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">Dissecting microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>SZ61</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">CCD camera</td>
			<td>Infinity</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">Two-photon microscope</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Prairie Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td style="width:775px;">Ultima IV</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">10X objective</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>NA 0.30, air</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">60X objective</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>NA 1.1, IR permeable, water immersion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:189px;">Ti-sapphire laser</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Spectra-Physics</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Mai Tai HP</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

two-photon in vivo imaging of dendritic spines in the mouse cortex using a thinned-skull preparation

哺乳類の大脳皮質では、神経細胞がシナプスで非常に複雑なネットワークや情報交換を形成している。シナプス強度、ならびにシナプスの追加/削除の変化は、神経可塑性の構造的基礎を提供する、経験依存的な様式で起こる。大脳皮質で最も興奮性シナプスのシナプス後構成要素として、樹状突起棘はシナプスの良いプロキシであると考えられている。マウス遺伝学および蛍光標識技術、個々のニューロンのシナプスの構造およびそれらの撮影の利点は、無傷の脳内で標識することができる。ここでは、 生体内での経時的蛍光標識後シナプス樹状突起棘に追従する二光子レーザー走査顕微鏡を用いて、経頭蓋撮影プロトコルを導入する。このプロトコルは、完全な頭蓋骨を保持し、髄膜および皮質の曝露によって引き起こされる炎症作用を回避間引き頭蓋骨の準備を利用する。そのため、画像はSUの直後に取得することが可能rgeryが実行されます。実験手順は、数時間から数年の範囲の様々な時間間隔で繰り返し行うことができる。この調製物の適用はまた、生理学的および病理学的条件下で、異なる皮質領域、層、ならびに他の細胞型を調査するために拡張することができる。

YFP-Hラインマウス25で、黄色蛍光タンパク質は、皮質の表層への先端樹状突起を投影V層錐体細胞のサブセットで表現しています。間引き頭蓋骨の製剤を介して、蛍光標識された樹状セグメントは、繰り返し時間から数ヶ月の範囲の、種々の撮像間隔で二光子顕微鏡で画像化することができる。ここでは、個々の棘だけでなく、糸状仮足は明らかに樹状突起に沿って可視化することが?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Two-Photon in vivo Imaging of Dendritic Spines in the Mouse Cortex Using a Thinned-skull Preparation at JoVE.com

Two-Photon in vivo Imaging of Dendritic Spines in the Mouse Cortex Using a Thinned-skull Preparation

Time-lapse imaging in the living animal provides valuable information on structural reorganization in the intact brain. Here, we introduce a thinned-skull preparation that allows transcranial imaging of fluorescently labeled synaptic structures in the living mouse cortex by two-photon microscopy.

二光子<em&gt; in vivoで</em&gt;間引き頭蓋骨の準備を使用して、マウス皮質における樹状突起棘のイメージング

In the mammalian cortex, neurons form extremely complicated networks and exchange information at synapses. Changes in synaptic strength, as well as ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Two-Photon in vivo Imaging of Dendritic Spines in the Mouse Cortex Using a Thinned-skull Preparation

Chronic Imaging of Mouse Visual Cortex Using a Thinned-skull Preparation

間伐-頭蓋骨の準備を使用してマウス視覚野の慢性的イメージング

In vivo imaging using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) allows the study of living cells and neuronal processes in the intact brain. The ...

神経科学

In vivo Imaging of the Mouse Spinal Cord Using Two-photon Microscopy

In vivo Imaging of the Mouse Spinal Cord Using Two-photon Microscopy

二光子顕微鏡を用いたマウス脊髄の in vivoイメージングで

In vivo imaging using two-photon microscopy 1 in mice that have been genetically engineered to express fluorescent proteins in specific cell types 2-3 has ...

Detection of Microregional Hypoxia in Mouse Cerebral Cortex by Two-photon Imaging of Endogenous NADH Fluorescence

内在性NADH蛍光の二光子イメージングによるマウス大脳皮質におけるMicroregional低酸素の検出

The brain's ability to function at high levels of metabolic demand depends on continuous oxygen supply through blood flow and tissue oxygen diffusion. ...

A Polished and Reinforced Thinned-skull Window for Long-term Imaging of the Mouse Brain

マウス脳の長期イメージングのためのポリッシュと強化間引き頭蓋骨ウィンドウ

In vivo imaging of cortical function requires optical access to the brain without disruption of the intracranial environment. We present a method to form ...

Visualization and Genetic Manipulation of Dendrites and Spines in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus using In utero Electroporation

Visualization and Genetic Manipulation of Dendrites and Spines in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus using In utero Electroporation

使用して、マウス大脳皮質および海馬における可視化と樹状突起と棘の遺伝子操作<em&gt;子宮内で</em&gt;エレクトロポレーション

In utero electroporation (IUE) has become a powerful technique to study the development of different regions of the embryonic nervous system 1-5. To date ...

Thinned-skull Cortical Window Technique for In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

Thinned-skull Cortical Window Technique for In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

ための間引き頭蓋骨皮質ウィンドウ·テクニック<emインビボで&gt;</em&gt;光干渉断層イメージング

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a biomedical imaging technique  with high spatial-temporal resolution. With its minimally invasive approach OCT  has ...

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging Of Experience-dependent Molecular Changes In Cortical Neurons

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging Of Experience-dependent Molecular Changes In Cortical Neurons

皮質ニューロンにおける経験依存性分子の変化の in vivo二光子イメージングにおける

The brain's ability to change in response to experience is essential for healthy brain function, and abnormalities in this process contribute to a variety ...

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord

マウス脊髄における細胞ダイナミクスの二光子イメージング

Two-photon (2P) microscopy is utilized to reveal cellular dynamics and interactions deep within living, intact tissues. Here, we present a method for ...

Simultaneous Two-photon In Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Inputs and Postsynaptic Targets in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex

Simultaneous Two-photon In Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Inputs and Postsynaptic Targets in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex

同時2光子<em&gt;インビボ</emマウス脳梁膨大後部皮質におけるシナプス入力とシナプス後ターゲットの&gt;イメージング

This video shows the craniotomy procedure that allows chronic imaging of neurons in the mouse retrosplenial cortex (RSC) using in vivo two-photon ...

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging of Cortical Neurons in Neonatal Mice

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging of Cortical Neurons in Neonatal Mice

生体内で新生仔マウスの大脳皮質ニューロンの 2 光子イメージング

Two-photon imaging is a powerful tool for the in vivo analysis of neuronal circuits in the mammalian brain. However, a limited number of in vivo imaging ...