Name: assessing anti-fungal activity of isolated alveolar macrophages by confocal microscopy
Uploaded: 2014-07-09T21:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing Anti-fungal Activity of Isolated Alveolar Macrophages by Confocal Microscopy at JoVE.com

这项工作是由国家过敏与感染疾病格兰特R01AI079253（以BHS）的支持，以及由美国国家癌症研究所癌症中心支援津贴CA016056到罗斯威尔公园癌症研究所。

动物在这项研究中执行的所有程序批准了动物护理和使用委员会在罗斯威尔公园癌症研究所和遵守所有州，联邦和卫生法规国家机构。 1， 在体内巨噬细胞标记注意：PHK26是将要采取由吞噬细胞在血液循环和在组织中静脉内给药（IV）时，亲脂性染料。 PKH26用于体内标记，以减少收获后处理的巨噬细胞的数量。 PKH-26具有稳定地积聚在肺泡巨噬?...

<ol>
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使用这种方法进行体外分析巨噬细胞的抗真菌活性连同体内真菌的挑战，我们先前表明，在巨噬细胞NADPH氧化酶起着抵御A的重要作用烟4。使用隔离的肺泡巨噬细胞使我们能够专注于他们的抗真菌活性在没有其他免疫细胞（ 如中性粒细胞招募）， 在体内防御曲霉 。 各种可视化策略已经被用于评价巨噬细胞的抗真菌活性<e...

肺泡巨噬细胞是遇到吸入微生物一线吞噬细胞。巨噬细胞识别黑图案由病原体识别受体，摄取并限制吸入孢子（分生孢子）的生长，并启动炎症反应。吞噬细胞NADPH氧化酶转化分子氧超氧阴离子和下游活性氧中间体（投资回报）​​。慢性肉芽肿病（CGD）是NADPH氧化酶的特征是严重的细菌和真菌感染和由过度的炎症反应的一种遗传性疾病。 虽然NADPH氧化酶是至关重要的中性粒细胞介导的宿主防御1 - 3，NADPH氧化酶的巨噬细胞中的重要性是不明确的。此前的研究表明，肺泡巨噬细胞摄取并杀死曲霉菌孢子，而中性粒细胞主要针对菌丝阶段5。但是，也出现了相互矛盾的雷苏尔TS作为NADPH氧化酶在巨噬细胞中控制A的生长的作用曲霉孢子6,7。 该方法的目标是界定在介导针对A.宿主防御NADPH氧化酶的巨噬细胞中的具体作用烟曲霉菌孢子。我们发现，在肺泡巨噬细胞NADPH氧化酶控制吞噬A的增长烟曲霉菌孢子4。为了最准确地模拟主机对吸入真菌，我们使用了支气管肺泡灌洗收集肺泡巨噬细胞的未刺激小鼠紧随牺牲。使用隔离的肺泡巨噬细胞使我们能够专注于自己的抗真菌活性在没有其他免疫细胞（ 如中性粒细胞招募）， 在体内防御曲霉 。在该方法中，肺泡巨噬细胞进行染色在事先体内收获，以尽量减少收获后的操作量。&lt;/ P&gt; 另一个优点这个协议是使用GFP表达A的曲霉菌株。这种真菌表达从分生孢子阶段GFP通过菌丝阶段，并没有必要进一步染色。以获得具有更详细的图像，我们选择了共焦显微镜使从所获得的图像的三维结构的重建。三维重建给出菌丝生长周围，而不是在或通过巨噬细胞之间进行区分的能力。分生孢子也可以精确地辨别作为细胞内与细胞外。

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			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">PKH26 Red Fluorescent Cell Linker Kit for General Cell Membrane Labeling</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PKH26GL-1KT</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">2,2,2 Tribromoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T48402</td>
			<td>Used to make AvertinAnesthetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">2-methyl-2-butanol</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A-1685</td>
			<td>Used to make AvertinAnesthetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate Buffered Saline (without calcium and magnesium)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21-031-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">NH4CL</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A0171</td>
			<td>Used to make ACK red cell lysis buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">KHCO3</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P91444</td>
			<td>Used to make ACK red cell lysis buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E6758</td>
			<td>Used to make ACK red cell lysis buffer</td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">22 gauge X 1.00 inch i.v. catheter</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BD&#160;</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">381523</td>
			<td>Insyte Autoguard Winged</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">insulin syringes</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">6 ml syringes</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">4-way stopcock</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-700-077</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">suture thread</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">50 ml conical centrifuge tubes</td>
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			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">gauze sponges (4 inch square)</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">RPMI 1640 with L-glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10-040-CV</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SH30396.03</td>
			<td>heat inactivated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Hema 3 Stain Set</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">22-122-911</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Cytoseal 60</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8310-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Sabouraud Brain Heart Infusion Agar with Chloramphenicol and Gentamicin Slants</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BD&#160;</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">297252</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Aspergillus fumigatous strain expressing green fluorescent protein</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>provided by Dr Margo Moore, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">100 micron Cell Strainers</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BD Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">64753-00</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">scissors</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">forceps</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Biological Safety Cabinet Class II</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Sorval ST40 Centrifuge with swing bucket rotor</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Leica DM1000 light microscope</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Hemocytometer</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Cytospin 2 centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Cell Culture Incubator</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>37 &#176;C, 5%&#160; CO2</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">22X22 mm micro cover glass</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">48366-227</td>
			<td>glass coverslips</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">6 well Cell Culture Plates</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Corning</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">3506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">10% Neutral Buffered Formalin</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BDH0502-1LP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Vectashield Mounting medium with DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H-1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Leica TCS SP2 system with a laser point scanner</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Mounted on DMIRE2 fluorescence microscope</td>
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assessing anti-fungal activity of isolated alveolar macrophages by confocal microscopy

肺是其中的宿主细胞经常接触到的微生物和微生物产品的接口。肺泡巨噬细胞是遇到吸入真菌和其它微生物的一线吞噬细胞。巨噬细胞和其他免疫细胞识别曲霉图案由病原体识别受体，并启动下游的炎症反应。吞噬细胞NADPH氧化酶产生活性氧中间体（投资回报）​​，是宿主防御的关键。虽然NADPH氧化酶是至关重要的中性粒细胞介导的宿主防御1 - 3，NADPH氧化酶的巨噬细胞中的重要性是不明确的。本研究的目标是界定在介导针对A.宿主防御NADPH氧化酶的巨噬细胞中的具体作用曲霉 。我们发现，在肺泡巨噬细胞NADPH氧化酶控制吞噬A的增长烟曲霉菌孢子4。在这里，我们描述了一种用于评估老鼠的能力lveolar巨噬细胞（AMS）来控制细胞吞噬黑曲霉的孢子（分生孢子）的生长。肺泡巨噬细胞进行染色体内并通过支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）从小鼠十天后分离。巨噬细胞被镀到玻璃盖玻片上，然后种入绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）表达A.烟曲霉菌孢子。在指定的时间，将细胞固定和完好的巨噬细胞与吞噬孢子的数量通过共聚焦显微镜进行评估。

<html>从未经刺激的小鼠收集肺泡巨噬细胞通过BAL将导致基于细胞学一个纯度&gt; 95％的人口​​。在3和7小时（ 图2）的时间点之前的真菌生长的菌丝阶段，并允许对分生孢子的基因型之间的吞噬效率的比较。其中基因型可以是关于抑制吞噬的分生孢子于组织侵入菌丝阶段的过渡（ 图3）的能力进行比较，在14小时的时间点是。完好的巨噬细胞可以通过共聚焦显微镜的基础上...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing Anti-fungal Activity of Isolated Alveolar Macrophages by Confocal Microscopy at JoVE.com

Assessing Anti-fungal Activity of Isolated Alveolar Macrophages by Confocal Microscopy

评估隔离肺泡巨噬细胞的激光共聚焦显微镜抗真菌活性

一种方法来评估分离的小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞，激光共聚焦显微镜，以控制吞噬曲霉菌孢子的生长的能力。

The lung is an interface where host cells are routinely exposed to microbes and microbial products. Alveolar macrophages are the first-line phagocytic ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Microwave Assisted Rapid Diagnosis of Plant Virus Diseases by Transmission Electron Microscopy

微波辅助植物病毒病的快速诊断用透射电子显微镜

Investigations of ultrastructural changes induced by viruses are often necessary to clearly identify viral diseases in plants. With conventional sample ...

科研

免疫与感染

Intravital Microscopy of the Spleen: Quantitative Analysis of Parasite Mobility and Blood Flow

活体显微镜的脾：寄生虫的流动性和血流量的定量分析

The advent of intravital microscopy in experimental rodent malaria models has allowed major advances to the knowledge of parasite-host interactions 1,2. ...

Real-time Imaging of Myeloid Cells Dynamics in ApcMin/+ Intestinal Tumors by Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy

Real-time Imaging of Myeloid Cells Dynamics in ApcMin/+ Intestinal Tumors by Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy

在髓系细胞动态实时成像<em&gt;装甲运兵车<sup&gt;最小/ +</sup</em&gt;肠道肿瘤通过旋转盘共聚焦显微镜

Myeloid cells are the most abundant immune cells within tumors and have been shown to promote tumor progression. Modern intravital imaging techniques ...

Proteomic Profiling of Macrophages by 2D Electrophoresis

巨噬细胞通过二维电泳蛋白组学分析

The goal of the two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis protocol described here is to show how to analyse the phenotype of human cultured macrophages. The ...

Generation and Identification of GM-CSF Derived Alveolar-like Macrophages and Dendritic Cells From Mouse Bone Marrow

代和GM-CSF的鉴定源性肺泡状巨噬细胞和树突状细胞从小鼠骨髓

Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells found in tissues and lymphoid organs that play a key role in the defense against pathogens. ...

Phenotypic Characterization of Macrophages from Rat Kidney by Flow Cytometry

通过流式细胞仪大鼠肾脏巨噬细胞的表型特征

There is increasing evidence suggesting the important role of inflammation and, subsequently, macrophages in the development and progression of renal ...

Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation

受肥胖相关炎症组织的巨噬细胞的分离、鉴定和纯化

Obesity promotes a chronic inflammatory state that is largely mediated by tissue-resident macrophages as well as monocyte-derived macrophages. ...

Visualizing Macrophage Extracellular Traps Using Confocal Microscopy

利用共焦显微镜可视化巨噬细胞胞外陷阱

A primary method used to define the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is confocal microscopy. We have modified established confocal ...

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

小鼠与人肺泡巨噬细胞的分离和体外培养

Alveolar macrophages are terminally differentiated, lung-resident macrophages of prenatal origin. Alveolar macrophages are unique in their long life and ...

Time-lapse 3D Imaging of Phagocytosis by Mouse Macrophages

小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬的延时3D 成像

Phagocytosis plays a key role in host defense, as well as in tissue development and maintenance, and involves rapid, receptor-mediated rearrangements of ...