Name: assessing anti-fungal activity of isolated alveolar macrophages by confocal microscopy
Uploaded: 2014-07-09T21:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing Anti-fungal Activity of Isolated Alveolar Macrophages by Confocal Microscopy at JoVE.com

Dit werk werd ondersteund door het Nationaal Instituut voor Allergie en Infectieziekten Grant R01AI079253 (tot BHS), en door het National Cancer Institute Cancer Support Grant CA016056 naar Roswell Park Cancer Institute.

Alle procedures uitgevoerd op dieren in deze studie werden goedgekeurd door het Comite Animal Care en gebruik bij Roswell Park Cancer Institute en aan alle provinciale, federale en National Institutes of Health regelgeving. 1. In vivo Macrophage Labeling Opmerking: PHK26 is een lipofiele kleurstof die door fagocyten wordt afgelezen in omloop en in de weefsels bij intraveneuze toediening (iv). PKH26 werd gebruikt voor in vivo labeling van de hoevee...

<ol>
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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophages+suppress+T+cell+responses+and+arthritis+development+in+mice+by+producing+reactive+oxygen+species.">Macrophages suppress T cell responses and arthritis development in mice by producing reactive oxygen species.</a> J Clin Invest. 117, 3020-3028 (2007).</li><li>Pizzolla, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reactive+oxygen+species+produced+by+the+NADPH+oxidase+2+complex+in+monocytes+protect+mice+from+bacterial+infections.">Reactive oxygen species produced by the NADPH oxidase 2 complex in monocytes protect mice from bacterial infections.</a> J Immunol. 188, 5003-5011 (2012).</li><li>Luther, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterisation+of+the+phagocytic+uptake+of+Aspergillus+fumigatus+conidia+by+macrophages.">Characterisation of the phagocytic uptake of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia by macrophages.</a> Microbes and Infection. 10, 175-184 (2008).</li><li>Geunes-Boyer, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surfactant+Protein+D+Increases+Phagocytosis+of+Hypocapsular+Cryptococcus+neoformans+by+Murine+Macrophages+and+Enhances+Fungal+Survival.">Surfactant Protein D Increases Phagocytosis of Hypocapsular Cryptococcus neoformans by Murine Macrophages and Enhances Fungal Survival.</a> Infection and Immunity. 77, 2783-2794 (2009).</li><li>Garc&#237;a-Rodas, R., Gonz&#225;lez-Camacho, F., Rodr&#237;guez-Tudela, J. 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F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+polarization+of+alveolar+macrophages+and+bone+marrow-derived+monocytes+following+chemically+and+pathogen-induced+chronic+lung+inflammation.">Differential polarization of alveolar macrophages and bone marrow-derived monocytes following chemically and pathogen-induced chronic lung inflammation.</a> J Leukoc Biol. 88, 159-168 (2010).</li><li>Schaffner, A., Douglas, H., Braude, A. I., Davis, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Killing+of+Aspergillus+spores+depends+on+the+anatomical+source+of+the+macrophage.">Killing of Aspergillus spores depends on the anatomical source of the macrophage.</a> Infect Immun. 42, 1109-1115 (1983).</li><li>Goodridge, H. 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Met deze aanpak voor ex vivo analyse van de antifungale activiteit van macrofagen met in vivo schimmel uitdaging we eerder aangetoond dat NADPH oxidase in macrofagen een belangrijke rol in de verdediging tegen A. speelt fumigatus 4. Het gebruik van geïsoleerde alveolaire macrofagen kunnen wij concentreren op hun antifungale activiteit in de afwezigheid van andere immuuncellen (bijvoorbeeld geworven neutrofielen) die verdedigen tegen Aspergillus in vivo. <...

Alveolaire macrofagen zijn de eerste lijn fagocytcellen dat geïnhaleerde microben tegenkomen. Macrofagen herkennen Aspergillus motieven door pathogeen herkenning receptoren, innemen en beperken de groei van geïnhaleerde sporen (conidiën), en initiëren ontstekingsreacties. De fagocytensysteem NADPH oxidase zet moleculaire zuurstof om superoxide anion en downstream reactieve zuurstof tussenproducten (ROI). Chronische granulomateuze ziekte (CGD) is een erfelijke aandoening van het NADPH oxidase gekenmerkt door ernstige bacteriële en schimmelinfecties en overmatige ontstekingsreacties. Hoewel NADPH oxidase is essentieel voor neutrofiel-gemedieerde afweer 1 - 3, het belang van NADPH oxidase in macrofagen is niet goed gedefinieerd. Voorafgaande studies hebben aangetoond dat alveolaire macrofagen innemen en doden Aspergillus sporen, terwijl neutrofielen voornamelijk richten op de hyphal fase 5. Er zijn tegenstrijdige results over de rol van NADPH oxidase in macrofagen in het beheersen van de groei van A. fumigatus sporen 6, 7. Het doel van deze methode was om de specifieke rol van NADPH oxidase in macrofagen bakenen als mediator afweermechanismen tegen A. fumigatus sporen. We vonden dat NADPH oxidase in alveolaire macrofagen regelt de groei van gefagociteerde A. fumigatus sporen 4. Het nauwst model van de gastheer op geïnhaleerd schimmels, gebruikten we alveolaire macrofagen geoogst door bronchoalveolaire lavage van gestimuleerde muizen onmiddellijk na offer. Het gebruik van geïsoleerde alveolaire macrofagen stelde ons in staat om zich te concentreren op hun antifungale activiteit in de afwezigheid van andere immuuncellen (bijv. aangeworven neutrofielen) die verdedigen tegen Aspergillus in vivo. Bij deze werkwijze werden alveolaire macrofagen gekleurd vivo voor zo oogst om de hoeveelheid post-harvest manipulatie minimaliseren. &lt;/ P&gt; Een ander voordeel van dit protocol is het gebruik van een GFP-expressie A. fumigatus stam. Deze schimmel uitdrukking GFP uit de conidiale stadium door de hyphal podium en heeft geen behoefte aan verdere kleuring. Om beelden met meer detail bieden we kozen confocale microscopie die de reconstructie van driedimensionale structuren van de verkregen beelden maakt. Drie-dimensionale reconstructie geeft de mogelijkheid om tussen hyfen groeien rond plaats of door een macrofaag. Conidia kan ook juist onderscheiden als intracellulaire versus extracellulair.

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			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">PKH26 Red Fluorescent Cell Linker Kit for General Cell Membrane Labeling</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PKH26GL-1KT</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">2,2,2 Tribromoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T48402</td>
			<td>Used to make AvertinAnesthetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">2-methyl-2-butanol</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A-1685</td>
			<td>Used to make AvertinAnesthetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate Buffered Saline (without calcium and magnesium)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21-031-CV</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">NH4CL</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A0171</td>
			<td>Used to make ACK red cell lysis buffer</td>
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		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">KHCO3</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P91444</td>
			<td>Used to make ACK red cell lysis buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E6758</td>
			<td>Used to make ACK red cell lysis buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">22 gauge X 1.00 inch i.v. catheter</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BD&#160;</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">381523</td>
			<td>Insyte Autoguard Winged</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">insulin syringes</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">6 ml syringes</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">4-way stopcock</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-700-077</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">suture thread</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">50 ml conical centrifuge tubes</td>
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			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">gauze sponges (4 inch square)</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">RPMI 1640 with L-glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10-040-CV</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SH30396.03</td>
			<td>heat inactivated</td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Hema 3 Stain Set</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">22-122-911</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Cytoseal 60</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8310-4</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Sabouraud Brain Heart Infusion Agar with Chloramphenicol and Gentamicin Slants</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BD&#160;</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">297252</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Aspergillus fumigatous strain expressing green fluorescent protein</td>
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			<td>provided by Dr Margo Moore, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">100 micron Cell Strainers</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BD Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">64753-00</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">scissors</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">forceps</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Biological Safety Cabinet Class II</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Sorval ST40 Centrifuge with swing bucket rotor</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Leica DM1000 light microscope</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Hemocytometer</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Cytospin 2 centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Cell Culture Incubator</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>37 &#176;C, 5%&#160; CO2</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">22X22 mm micro cover glass</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">48366-227</td>
			<td>glass coverslips</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">6 well Cell Culture Plates</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Corning</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">3506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">10% Neutral Buffered Formalin</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BDH0502-1LP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Vectashield Mounting medium with DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H-1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Leica TCS SP2 system with a laser point scanner</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Mounted on DMIRE2 fluorescence microscope</td>
		</tr>
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</table>

assessing anti-fungal activity of isolated alveolar macrophages by confocal microscopy

De long is een interface waarbij gastheercellen routinematig worden blootgesteld aan microben en microbiële producten. Alveolaire macrofagen zijn de eerste lijn fagocytcellen dat geïnhaleerde schimmels en andere microben tegenkomen. Macrofagen en andere immuuncellen herkennen Aspergillus motieven door pathogeen herkenning receptoren en initiëren downstream ontstekingsreacties. De fagocytensysteem NADPH oxidase genereert reactieve zuurstof tussenproducten (ROI) en is van cruciaal belang voor de afweer. Hoewel NADPH oxidase is essentieel voor neutrofiel-gemedieerde afweer 1 - 3, het belang van NADPH oxidase in macrofagen is niet goed gedefinieerd. Het doel van deze studie was om de specifieke rol van NADPH oxidase in macrofagen af te bakenen in het bemiddelen afweermechanismen tegen A. fumigatus. We vonden dat NADPH oxidase in alveolaire macrofagen regelt de groei van gefagociteerde A. fumigatus sporen 4. Hier beschrijven we een methode voor het beoordelen van het vermogen van de muis eenlveolar macrofagen (AM&#39;s) om de groei van Aspergillus gefagocyteerd sporen (conidia) regelen. Alveolaire macrofagen zijn gekleurd in vivo en tien dagen later geïsoleerd van muizen door bronchoalveolaire lavage (BAL). Macrofagen uitgeplaat op dekglaasjes, dan geënt met groen fluorescerend eiwit (GFP) tot expressie A. fumigatus sporen. Op bepaalde tijdstippen worden cellen gefixeerd en het aantal intacte macrofagen met gefagociteerde sporen wordt beoordeeld door confocale microscopie.

<html> Verzamelen alveolaire macrofaag door BAL van gestimuleerde muizen zal resulteren in een&gt; 95% zuivere populatie op basis van cytologie. De 3 en 7 uur (figuur 2) tijdstippen vooraf aan de hyfen stadium van schimmelgroei en maken een vergelijking van fagocytische efficiëntie van conidia tussen genotypen. De 14 uur tijdstip is waar genotypen vergelijkbaar wat betreft de mogelijkheid om de overgang van gefagociteerde conidia de weefsel-invasieve hyfen fase (figuur 3) remmen. Intact...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing Anti-fungal Activity of Isolated Alveolar Macrophages by Confocal Microscopy at JoVE.com

Assessing Anti-fungal Activity of Isolated Alveolar Macrophages by Confocal Microscopy

Evaluatie anti-schimmel activiteit van geïsoleerde alveolaire macrofagen door confocale microscopie

Een werkwijze om het vermogen van geïsoleerde muis alveolaire macrofagen om de groei van Aspergillus gefagociteerde sporen bedienen door confocale microscopie evalueren.

The lung is an interface where host cells are routinely exposed to microbes and microbial products. Alveolar macrophages are the first-line phagocytic ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Microwave Assisted Rapid Diagnosis of Plant Virus Diseases by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Magnetron Assisted snelle diagnose van Plant virusziekten bij Transmissie Elektronen Microscopie

Investigations of ultrastructural changes induced by viruses are often necessary to clearly identify viral diseases in plants. With conventional sample ...

Intravital Microscopy of the Spleen: Quantitative Analysis of Parasite Mobility and Blood Flow

Intravitale Microscopie van de milt: Kwantitatieve Analyse van Parasite Mobiliteit en Blood Flow

The advent of intravital microscopy in experimental rodent malaria models has allowed major advances to the knowledge of parasite-host interactions 1,2. ...

Real-time Imaging of Myeloid Cells Dynamics in ApcMin/+ Intestinal Tumors by Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy

Real-time Imaging of Myeloid Cells Dynamics in ApcMin/+ Intestinal Tumors by Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy

Real-time beeldvorming van myeloïde cellen Dynamiek in<em&gt; Apc<sup&gt; Min / +</sup</em&gt; Intestinale Tumoren door draaiende schijf confocale microscopie

Myeloid cells are the most abundant immune cells within tumors and have been shown to promote tumor progression. Modern intravital imaging techniques ...

Proteomic Profiling of Macrophages by 2D Electrophoresis

Proteomics Profilering van macrofagen door 2D-elektroforese

The goal of the two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis protocol described here is to show how to analyse the phenotype of human cultured macrophages. The ...

Generation and Identification of GM-CSF Derived Alveolar-like Macrophages and Dendritic Cells From Mouse Bone Marrow

Generatie en identificatie van GM-CSF Afgeleide alveolaire-achtige macrofagen en dendritische cellen van de muis beenmerg

Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells found in tissues and lymphoid organs that play a key role in the defense against pathogens. ...

Phenotypic Characterization of Macrophages from Rat Kidney by Flow Cytometry

Fenotypische karakterisering van macrofagen van Rat Kidney door flowcytometrie

There is increasing evidence suggesting the important role of inflammation and, subsequently, macrophages in the development and progression of renal ...

Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation

Isolatie, karakterisering en zuivering van macrofagen uit weefsels beïnvloed door zwaarlijvigheidbetrekking hebbende ontsteking

Obesity promotes a chronic inflammatory state that is largely mediated by tissue-resident macrophages as well as monocyte-derived macrophages. ...

Visualizing Macrophage Extracellular Traps Using Confocal Microscopy

Visualiseren van extracellulaire Traps Macrophage met behulp van de Confocal Microscopie

A primary method used to define the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is confocal microscopy. We have modified established confocal ...

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Isolatie en In Vitro cultuur van lymfkliertest en menselijke alveolaire macrofagen

Alveolar macrophages are terminally differentiated, lung-resident macrophages of prenatal origin. Alveolar macrophages are unique in their long life and ...

Time-lapse 3D Imaging of Phagocytosis by Mouse Macrophages

Time-lapse 3D beeldvorming van fagocytose door macrofagen van de muis

Phagocytosis plays a key role in host defense, as well as in tissue development and maintenance, and involves rapid, receptor-mediated rearrangements of ...