Name: assessing anti-fungal activity of isolated alveolar macrophages by confocal microscopy
Uploaded: 2014-07-09T21:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing Anti-fungal Activity of Isolated Alveolar Macrophages by Confocal Microscopy at JoVE.com

Dette arbeidet ble støttet av National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease Grant R01AI079253 (til BHS), og av National Cancer Institute Cancer Center Support Grant CA016056 til Roswell Park Cancer Institute.

Alle prosedyrer utført på dyr i denne studien ble godkjent av Animal Care og bruk komité ved Roswell Park Cancer Institute og overholdt alle statlige, føderale og National Institutes of Health forskrifter. En. In vivo Macrophage Merking Merk: PHK26 er et lipofilt fargestoff som vil bli tatt opp av fagocytiske celler i både sirkulasjon og i vev når gitt intravenøst ​​(iv). PKH26 ble benyttet for in vivo merking for å minimere mengden av...

<ol>
	<li>Reeves, E. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Killing+activity+of+neutrophils+is+mediated+through+activation+of+proteases+by+K++flux.">Killing activity of neutrophils is mediated through activation of proteases by K+ flux.</a> Nature. 416, 291-297 (2002).</li><li>Bianchi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Restoration+of+NET+formation+by+gene+therapy+in+CGD+controls+aspergillosis.">Restoration of NET formation by gene therapy in CGD controls aspergillosis.</a> Blood. 114, 2619-2622 (2009).</li><li>Vethanayagam, R. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+NADPH+oxidase+versus+neutrophil+proteases+in+antimicrobial+host+defense.">Role of NADPH oxidase versus neutrophil proteases in antimicrobial host defense.</a> PLoS One. 6, (2011).</li><li>Grimm, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monocyte-+and+Macrophage-Targeted+NADPH+Oxidase+Mediates+Antifungal+Host+Defense+and+Regulation+of+Acute+Inflammation+in+Mice.">Monocyte- and Macrophage-Targeted NADPH Oxidase Mediates Antifungal Host Defense and Regulation of Acute Inflammation in Mice.</a> The Journal of Immunology. 190, 4175-4184 (2013).</li><li>Schaffner, A., Douglas, H., Braude, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+protection+against+conidia+by+mononuclear+and+against+mycelia+by+polymorphonuclear+phagocytes+in+resistance+to+Aspergillus.+Observations+on+these+two+lines+of+defense+in+vivo+and+in+vitro+with+human+and+mouse+phagocytes.">Selective protection against conidia by mononuclear and against mycelia by polymorphonuclear phagocytes in resistance to Aspergillus. Observations on these two lines of defense in vivo and in vitro with human and mouse phagocytes.</a> J Clin Invest. 69, 617-631 (1982).</li><li>Philippe, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Killing+of+Aspergillus+fumigatus+by+alveolar+macrophages+is+mediated+by+reactive+oxidant+intermediates.">Killing of Aspergillus fumigatus by alveolar macrophages is mediated by reactive oxidant intermediates.</a> Infect Immun. 71, 3034-3042 (2003).</li><li>Cornish, E. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+nicotinamide+adenine+dinucleotide+phosphate+oxidase-independent+resistance+to+Aspergillus+fumigatus+in+alveolar+macrophages.">Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-independent resistance to Aspergillus fumigatus in alveolar macrophages.</a> J Immunol. 180, 6854-6867 (2008).</li><li>Jennings, J. H., Linderman, D. J., Hu, B., Sonstein, J., Curtis, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monocytes+recruited+to+the+lungs+of+mice+during+immune+inflammation+ingest+apoptotic+cells+poorly.">Monocytes recruited to the lungs of mice during immune inflammation ingest apoptotic cells poorly.</a> Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 32, 108-117 (2005).</li><li>Davidson, B. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DISCRIMINATION+OF+RESIDENT+AND+INFILTRATED+ALVEOLAR+MACROPHAGES+BY+FLOW+CYTOMETRY+IN+INFLUENZA+A+VIRUS-INFECTED+MICE.">DISCRIMINATION OF RESIDENT AND INFILTRATED ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES BY FLOW CYTOMETRY IN INFLUENZA A VIRUS-INFECTED MICE.</a> Experimental Lung Research. 31, 323-339 (2005).</li><li>Gelderman, K. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophages+suppress+T+cell+responses+and+arthritis+development+in+mice+by+producing+reactive+oxygen+species.">Macrophages suppress T cell responses and arthritis development in mice by producing reactive oxygen species.</a> J Clin Invest. 117, 3020-3028 (2007).</li><li>Pizzolla, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reactive+oxygen+species+produced+by+the+NADPH+oxidase+2+complex+in+monocytes+protect+mice+from+bacterial+infections.">Reactive oxygen species produced by the NADPH oxidase 2 complex in monocytes protect mice from bacterial infections.</a> J Immunol. 188, 5003-5011 (2012).</li><li>Luther, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterisation+of+the+phagocytic+uptake+of+Aspergillus+fumigatus+conidia+by+macrophages.">Characterisation of the phagocytic uptake of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia by macrophages.</a> Microbes and Infection. 10, 175-184 (2008).</li><li>Geunes-Boyer, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surfactant+Protein+D+Increases+Phagocytosis+of+Hypocapsular+Cryptococcus+neoformans+by+Murine+Macrophages+and+Enhances+Fungal+Survival.">Surfactant Protein D Increases Phagocytosis of Hypocapsular Cryptococcus neoformans by Murine Macrophages and Enhances Fungal Survival.</a> Infection and Immunity. 77, 2783-2794 (2009).</li><li>Garc&#237;a-Rodas, R., Gonz&#225;lez-Camacho, F., Rodr&#237;guez-Tudela, J. L., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Zaragoza, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Interaction+between+Candida+krusei+and+Murine+Macrophages+Results+in+Multiple+Outcomes,+Including+Intracellular+Survival+and+Escape+from+Killing.">The Interaction between Candida krusei and Murine Macrophages Results in Multiple Outcomes, Including Intracellular Survival and Escape from Killing.</a> Infection and Immunity. 79, 2136-2144 (2011).</li><li>Ryan, L. K., Vermeulen, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alveolar+macrophages+from+C3H/HeJ+mice+show+sensitivity+to+endotoxin.">Alveolar macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice show sensitivity to endotoxin.</a> Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 12, 540-546 (1995).</li><li>Redente, E. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+polarization+of+alveolar+macrophages+and+bone+marrow-derived+monocytes+following+chemically+and+pathogen-induced+chronic+lung+inflammation.">Differential polarization of alveolar macrophages and bone marrow-derived monocytes following chemically and pathogen-induced chronic lung inflammation.</a> J Leukoc Biol. 88, 159-168 (2010).</li><li>Schaffner, A., Douglas, H., Braude, A. I., Davis, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Killing+of+Aspergillus+spores+depends+on+the+anatomical+source+of+the+macrophage.">Killing of Aspergillus spores depends on the anatomical source of the macrophage.</a> Infect Immun. 42, 1109-1115 (1983).</li><li>Goodridge, H. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+use+of+CARD9+by+dectin-1+in+macrophages+and+dendritic+cells.">Differential use of CARD9 by dectin-1 in macrophages and dendritic cells.</a> J Immunol. 182, 1146-1154 (2009).</li></ol>

Ved hjelp av denne metode for ex vivo analyse av antifungal aktivitet av makrofager sammen med in vivo sopp utfordring, vi tidligere demonstrert at NADPH oksidase i makrofager spiller en viktig rolle i forsvaret mot A. fumigatus fire. Bruken av isolerte alveolære makrofager gjør oss i stand til å fokusere på sine soppdrepende aktivitet i fravær av andre immunceller (f.eks rekruttert nøytrofile), som beskytter mot Aspergillus in vivo. <p class="jove_conten...

Alveolære makrofager er de første linjer fagocytiske celler som møter inhalerte mikrober. Makrofager gjenkjenner Aspergillus motiver etter patogen anerkjennelse reseptorer, svelges og begrense veksten av inhalert sporer (conidia), og sette i gang betennelsesreaksjoner. Den phagocyte NADPH oksidase konverterer molekylært oksygen til superoksydanion og nedstrøms reaktive oksygen mellomprodukter (Rois). Kronisk granulomatøs sykdom (CGD) er en arvelig lidelse av NADPH oksidase preget av alvorlige bakterie-og soppinfeksjoner, og ved overdreven inflammatoriske responser. Selv om NADPH oksidase er kritisk for nøytrofil-mediert vertsforsvar 1 - 3, er betydningen av NADPH oksidase i makrofager er ikke godt definert. Tidligere studier har vist at alveolære makrofager svelges og drepe Aspergillus sporer, mens nøytrofile hovedsakelig rettet mot hyphal scenen fem. Imidlertid har det vært motstridende results som til rollen som NADPH oksidase i makrofag til å kontrollere veksten av A. fumigatus spores 6, 7. Målet med denne metoden var å avgrense den spesifikke rolle NADPH oksidase i makrofager i formidling host forsvar mot A. fumigatus sporer. Vi fant ut at NADPH oksidase i alveolære makrofager styrer veksten av phagocytosed A. fumigatus spores fire. Til tettest modelverts respons på inhalert sopp, brukte vi alveolære makrofager høstes av bronchoalveolar kylling fra unstimulated mus umiddelbart etter offer. Bruken av isolerte alveolære makrofager aktivert oss til å fokusere på sine soppdrepende aktivitet i fravær av andre immunceller (f.eks rekruttert nøytrofile), som beskytter mot Aspergillus in vivo. I denne fremgangsmåten, ble det alveolære makrofager farget in vivo før høsting, slik som å minimalisere mengden av etter innhøsting manipulasjon. &lt;/ P&gt; En annen fordel med denne protokoll er bruken av et GFP-uttrykk A. fumigatus belastning. Denne soppen uttrykker GFP fra conidial scenen gjennom hyphal scenen og har ikke behov for ytterligere misfarging. For å oppnå bilder med større detalj, valgte vi konfokal mikroskopi som muliggjør rekonstruksjon av tredimensjonale strukturer fra de oppnådde bildene. Tredimensjonal rekonstruksjon gir muligheten til å skille mellom hyfer vokser rundt stedet for i eller gjennom en makrofag. Conidia kan også være nettopp erklæres som intracellulær versus ekstracellulært.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="573">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">PKH26 Red Fluorescent Cell Linker Kit for General Cell Membrane Labeling</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PKH26GL-1KT</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">2,2,2 Tribromoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T48402</td>
			<td>Used to make AvertinAnesthetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">2-methyl-2-butanol</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A-1685</td>
			<td>Used to make AvertinAnesthetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate Buffered Saline (without calcium and magnesium)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21-031-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">NH4CL</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A0171</td>
			<td>Used to make ACK red cell lysis buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">KHCO3</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P91444</td>
			<td>Used to make ACK red cell lysis buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E6758</td>
			<td>Used to make ACK red cell lysis buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">22 gauge X 1.00 inch i.v. catheter</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BD&#160;</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">381523</td>
			<td>Insyte Autoguard Winged</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">insulin syringes</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">6 ml syringes</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">4-way stopcock</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-700-077</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">suture thread</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">50 ml conical centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">gauze sponges (4 inch square)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">RPMI 1640 with L-glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10-040-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SH30396.03</td>
			<td>heat inactivated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Hema 3 Stain Set</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">22-122-911</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Cytoseal 60</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8310-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Sabouraud Brain Heart Infusion Agar with Chloramphenicol and Gentamicin Slants</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BD&#160;</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">297252</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Aspergillus fumigatous strain expressing green fluorescent protein</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>provided by Dr Margo Moore, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">100 micron Cell Strainers</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BD Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">64753-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">scissors</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">forceps</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Biological Safety Cabinet Class II</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Sorval ST40 Centrifuge with swing bucket rotor</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Leica DM1000 light microscope</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Hemocytometer</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Cytospin 2 centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Cell Culture Incubator</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>37 &#176;C, 5%&#160; CO2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">22X22 mm micro cover glass</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">48366-227</td>
			<td>glass coverslips</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">6 well Cell Culture Plates</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Corning</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">3506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">10% Neutral Buffered Formalin</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BDH0502-1LP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Vectashield Mounting medium with DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H-1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Leica TCS SP2 system with a laser point scanner</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Mounted on DMIRE2 fluorescence microscope</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assessing anti-fungal activity of isolated alveolar macrophages by confocal microscopy

Lungene er et grensesnitt der vertsceller blir rutinemessig utsatt for mikrober og mikrobielle produkter. Alveolære makrofager er de første linjer fagocytiske celler som møter inhalert sopp og andre mikrober. Makrofager og andre immunceller gjenkjenne Aspergillus motiver etter patogen anerkjennelse reseptorer og initiere nedstrøms inflammatoriske responser. Den phagocyte NADPH oksidase genererer reaktive oksygen mellomprodukter (Rois) og er kritisk for host forsvar. Selv om NADPH oksidase er kritisk for nøytrofil-mediert vertsforsvar 1 - 3, er betydningen av NADPH oksidase i makrofager er ikke godt definert. Målet med denne studien var å avgrense den spesifikke rolle NADPH oksidase i makrofager i formidling host forsvar mot A. fumigatus. Vi fant ut at NADPH oksidase i alveolære makrofager styrer veksten av phagocytosed A. fumigatus spores fire. Her beskriver vi en fremgangsmåte for å vurdere muligheten for en muslveolar makrofager (AMS) for å kontrollere veksten av phagocytosed Aspergillus sporer (conidia). Alveolære makrofager er farget in vivo og ti dager senere isolert fra mus ved bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Makrofager er belagt på glass dekkglass, deretter sådd med grønt fluorescerende protein (GFP)-uttrykke A. fumigatus sporer. På bestemte tidspunkter, blir cellene fiksert og antall intakte makrofager med fagocytterte sporer vurderes av konfokalmikroskopi.

<html> Samle alveolære makrofager etter BAL fra ustimulerte mus vil resultere i en&gt; 95% ren populasjon basert på cytologi. Den 3 og 7 timer (figur 2) tidspunkt forut for hyphal stadium av soppvekst, og gi rom for en sammenligning av fagocytisk effektiviteten av conidia blant genotyper. Den 14-timers tidspunktet er der genotyper kan sammenlignes med hensyn til evnen til å hemme overgangen av phagocytosed conidia på vev-invasiv hyphal trinn (figur 3). Intakt makrofag kan identifiser...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing Anti-fungal Activity of Isolated Alveolar Macrophages by Confocal Microscopy at JoVE.com

Assessing Anti-fungal Activity of Isolated Alveolar Macrophages by Confocal Microscopy

Vurdere Anti-sopp aktivitet av isolerte alveolære makrofager ved konfokalmikroskopi

En fremgangsmåte for å evaluere evnen av isolerte mus alveolære makrofager til å kontrollere veksten av fagocytterte Aspergillus spores ved konfokal mikroskopi.

The lung is an interface where host cells are routinely exposed to microbes and microbial products. Alveolar macrophages are the first-line phagocytic ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Microwave Assisted Rapid Diagnosis of Plant Virus Diseases by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Investigations of ultrastructural changes induced by viruses are often necessary to clearly identify viral diseases in plants. With conventional sample ...

Intravital Microscopy of the Spleen: Quantitative Analysis of Parasite Mobility and Blood Flow

Intravital Mikroskopi av Spleen: Kvantitativ analyse av Parasite Mobilitet og Blood Flow

The advent of intravital microscopy in experimental rodent malaria models has allowed major advances to the knowledge of parasite-host interactions 1,2. ...

Real-time Imaging of Myeloid Cells Dynamics in ApcMin/+ Intestinal Tumors by Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy

Real-time Imaging of Myeloid Cells Dynamics in ApcMin/+ Intestinal Tumors by Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy

Real-time Imaging av myeloide celler Dynamics i<em&gt; Apc<sup&gt; Min / +</sup</em&gt; Tarmsvulster ved å spinne Disk Konfokalmikroskopi

Myeloid cells are the most abundant immune cells within tumors and have been shown to promote tumor progression. Modern intravital imaging techniques ...

Proteomic Profiling of Macrophages by 2D Electrophoresis

Proteomikk Profilering av Makrofager av 2D elektroforese

The goal of the two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis protocol described here is to show how to analyse the phenotype of human cultured macrophages. The ...

Generation and Identification of GM-CSF Derived Alveolar-like Macrophages and Dendritic Cells From Mouse Bone Marrow

Generasjon og identifisering av GM-CSF Avledet Alveolære lignende makrofager og dendrittiske celler fra mus Bone Marrow

Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells found in tissues and lymphoid organs that play a key role in the defense against pathogens. ...

Phenotypic Characterization of Macrophages from Rat Kidney by Flow Cytometry

Fenotypisk Karakterisering av makrofager fra Rat Nyre ved flowcytometri

There is increasing evidence suggesting the important role of inflammation and, subsequently, macrophages in the development and progression of renal ...

Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation

Isolering og karakterisering rensing av makrofager fra vev av fedme-relaterte betennelse

Obesity promotes a chronic inflammatory state that is largely mediated by tissue-resident macrophages as well as monocyte-derived macrophages. ...

Visualizing Macrophage Extracellular Traps Using Confocal Microscopy

Visualisere Macrophage ekstracellulære feller bruker AC Confocal mikroskopi

A primary method used to define the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is confocal microscopy. We have modified established confocal ...

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Isolasjon og In Vitro kultur Murine og menneskelig Alveolar makrofager

Alveolar macrophages are terminally differentiated, lung-resident macrophages of prenatal origin. Alveolar macrophages are unique in their long life and ...

Time-lapse 3D Imaging of Phagocytosis by Mouse Macrophages

Tidsinnstilt 3D bildebehandling av fagocytose av musen makrofager

Phagocytosis plays a key role in host defense, as well as in tissue development and maintenance, and involves rapid, receptor-mediated rearrangements of ...