Name: rapid isolation and purification of mitochondria for transplantation by tissue dissociation and differential filtration
Uploaded: 2014-09-06T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rapid Isolation And Purification Of Mitochondria For Transplantation By Tissue Dissociation And Differential Filtration at JoVE.com

This study was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grant HL- 103542, and The BCH Anesthesia Research Foundation&#8217;s Distinguished Trailblazer Award to CAP.

Preparation
<ol>
	<li>Prepare 1 M K-HEPES Stock Solution (adjust pH to 7.2 with KOH).</li>
	<li>Prepare 0.5 M K-EGTA Stock Solution (adjust pH to 8.0 with KOH).</li>
	<li>Prepare 1 M KH2PO4 Stock Solution.</li>
	<li>Prepare 1 M MgCl2 Stock Solution.</li>
	<li>Prepare Homogenizing Buffer (pH 7.2) 300 mM sucrose, 10 mM K-HEPES, and 1 mM K-EGTA. Store at 4 &#176;C.</li>
	<li>Prepare Respiration Buffer 250 mM sucrose, 2 mM KH2PO4, 10 mM MgCl2, 20 mM K-HEPES ...

<ol>
	<li>van Loo, G., Saelens, X., van Gurp, M., MacFarlane, M., Martin, S. J., Vandenabeele, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+mitochondrial+factors+in+apoptosis:+a+Russian+roulette+with+more+than+one+bullet.">The role of mitochondrial factors in apoptosis: a Russian roulette with more than one bullet.</a> Cell Death Differ. 9 (10), 1031-1042 (2002).</li><li>Szabadkai, G., Duchen, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondria:+the+hub+of+cellular+Ca2++signaling.">Mitochondria: the hub of cellular Ca2+ signaling.</a> Physiology (Bethesda). 23, 84-94 (2008).</li><li>Chan, D. 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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+mitochondria+for+biogenetical+studies:+An+update.">Isolation of mitochondria for biogenetical studies: An update.</a> Mitochondrion. 10 (3), 253-262 (2010).</li><li>Graham, J. 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To successfully isolate mitochondria using this protocol it is essential to keep all solutions and tissue samples on ice to preserve mitochondrial viability. Even when maintained on ice, isolated mitochondria will exhibit a decrease in functional activity over time19. We recommend that all solutions and additions be pre-prepared. We pre-weigh and store Subtilisin A in 4 mg aliquots in 1.5 ml microfuge tubes and store them at -20 &#176;C. Similarly BSA is pre-weighed and stored in 20 mg aliquots in 1.5 ml micro...

A correction was made to: <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/51682">Rapid Isolation And Purification Of Mitochondria For Transplantation By Tissue Dissociation And Differential Filtration.</a> An optional step was added to step 7 of the &#39;Mitochondrial Isolation&#39; section of the protocol. The step is:
1. Optional in the case that the tissue is fibrous: Centrifuge the solution at 750 x g for 4 min.

A correction was made to: Rapid Isolation And Purification Of Mitochondria For Transplantation By Tissue Dissociation And Differential Filtration.

Erratum: Rapid Isolation And Purification Of Mitochondria For Transplantation By Tissue Dissociation And Differential Filtration

Mitochondria exist in every cell in the body except red blood cells and are involved in a large number of important cellular and metabolic processes1-4. Because of these many functions, mitochondrial damage can have detrimental effects3. In order to investigate mitochondrial function and dysfunction several mitochondrial isolation methods have been described. The earliest published accounts of mitochondrial isolation date to the 1940s5-8. The first documented attempt demonstrated mitochondrial isolation by grinding liver tissue in a mortar followed by centrifugation in a salt solution at low speed5,8. Later, other groups expanded upon the original procedure and demonstrated tissue fractionation based on differential centrifugation6-8. These early methods formed the basis of current techniques which often incorporate homogenization, and/or differential centrifugation9-15. The number of homogenization and centrifugation steps varies among protocols. These repetitive steps increase the time for mitochondrial isolation and ultimately reduce viability. In addition, manual homogenization can cause mitochondrial damage and inconsistent results if not properly controlled10,16.
Recently, we used homogenization and differential centrifugation to isolate mitochondria for transplantation into myocardial tissue17,18. This lengthy isolation procedure required approximately 90 min and the clinical applicability of this method was therefore limited. To allow for acute therapeutic use in clinical and surgical treatment we have developed a rapid mitochondrial isolation procedure that can be performed in less than 30 min.
The major benefits of this protocol are that standardized tissue dissociation allows for uniform and consistent homogenization of tissue that is not easily achieved with manual homogenization. In addition, the use of differential filtration in place of differential centrifugation eliminates time consuming and repetitive centrifugation steps allowing for more rapid isolation of highly purified, viable and respiration competent mitochondria.
The ability to isolate viable and respiration competent mitochondria in less than 30 min allows for clinical applicability. This isolation protocol has potential for use in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) and other therapeutic procedures.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="933">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:377px;">Sucrose</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">84100</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>H4034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">EGTA</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>E4378</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Substilsin A</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5380</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">BSA</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A7906</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">KH2PO4</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5379</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>M8266</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>S6191</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">KCl</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>P2173</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Na2HPO4</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S374</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:377px;">ATPlite Luminescence Assay System, 
			1000 Assay Kit</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>6016941</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">50 mL Conical Tubes</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>352098</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">40 &#956;m Nylon Filters</td>
			<td>BD&#160;</td>
			<td>352340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">GentleMACS C tube</td>
			<td>Miltenyl Biotech</td>
			<td>120-005-331</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">1.5 mL Eppendorf tube</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>05-408-129</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">6 mm biopsy punch</td>
			<td>Miltex</td>
			<td>33-36</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">10 &#956;m Pluristrainer</td>
			<td>Pluriselect</td>
			<td>43-500-10-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Eppendorf Centrifuge 5415C</td>
			<td>Marshall Scientific</td>
			<td>EP-5415C&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">GentleMACS Dissociator&#160;</td>
			<td>Miltenyl Biotech</td>
			<td>130-093-235</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">96-well plates, tissue culture treated</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>82050-732</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Rotomax 120 orbital shaker</td>
			<td>Heidolph</td>
			<td>544-41200-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Synergy H4 Hybrid Multi-Mode 
			&#160;Microplate Reader</td>
			<td>BioTek</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Multisizer 4 Coulter Counter</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>A63076</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Oxytherm System</td>
			<td>Hansatech Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Hemacytometer</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>267110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

rapid isolation and purification of mitochondria for transplantation by tissue dissociation and differential filtration

Previously described mitochondrial isolation methods using differential centrifugation and/or Ficoll gradient centrifugation require 60 to 100 min to complete. We describe a method for the rapid isolation of mitochondria from mammalian biopsies using a commercial tissue dissociator and differential filtration. In this protocol, manual homogenization is replaced with the tissue dissociator&#8217;s standardized homogenization cycle. This allows for uniform and consistent homogenization of tissue that is not easily achieved with manual homogenization. Following tissue dissociation, the homogenate is filtered through nylon mesh filters, which eliminate repetitive centrifugation steps. As a result, mitochondrial isolation can be performed in less than 30 min. This isolation protocol yields approximately 2 x 1010 viable and respiration competent mitochondria from 0.18 &#177; 0.04 g (wet weight) tissue sample.

A figure outlining the procedural steps in the isolation of mitochondria using tissue dissociation and differential filtration is shown in Figure 1. Total procedural time is less than 30 min.
Tissue samples were obtained using a 6 mm biopsy punch. Tissue weight was 0.18 &#177; 0.04 g (wet weight). The number of mitochondria isolated as determined by particle size counting was 2.4 x 1010 &#177; 0.1 x 1010 mitochondria for skeletal muscle and 2.75 x 10...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rapid Isolation And Purification Of Mitochondria For Transplantation By Tissue Dissociation And Differential Filtration at JoVE.com

Rapid Isolation And Purification Of Mitochondria For Transplantation By Tissue Dissociation And Differential Filtration

A method for rapid isolation of mitochondria from mammalian tissue biopsies is described. Rat liver or skeletal muscle preparations were homogenized with a commercial tissue dissociator and mitochondria were isolated by differential filtration through nylon mesh filters. Mitochondrial isolation time is &#60;30 min compared to 60 - 100 min using alternative methods.

Previously described mitochondrial isolation methods using differential centrifugation and/or Ficoll gradient centrifugation require 60 to 100 min to ...

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