Name: transplantation of tail skin to study allogeneic cd4 t cell responses in mice
Uploaded: 2014-07-25T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transplantation of Tail Skin to Study Allogeneic CD4 T Cell Responses in Mice at JoVE.com

This work was supported by SNF grants PPOOA-_119204 and PPOOP3_144918 to S.W.R. We thank E. Palmer and B.T.H. Hausmann for mice and technical expertise.

Nesta publicação de vídeo e protocolo, todos os procedimentos com animais foram conduzidos de acordo com o protocolo de animais aprovados pela Autoridade cantão Basileia-Cidade, Suíça. Execute todos os procedimentos em condições estéreis, sempre que possível. 1. Preparação de Cirurgia <ol><li> Autoclave todos os instrumentos cirúrgicos e gaze antes de usar. </li><li> Aqueça a almofada quente e organizar instrumentos cirúrgicos sobre a mesa (Tabela de Materiais / Mét...

<ol>
	<li>Mahillo, B., Carmona, M., &#193;lvarez, M., White, S., Noel, L., Matesanz, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+Data+in+Organ+Donation+and+Transplantation.">Global Data in Organ Donation and Transplantation.</a> transplantation. 92 (10), 1069-1074 (2011).</li><li>Halleck, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+perspectives+of+immunosuppression.">New perspectives of immunosuppression.</a> Transplantation proceedings. 45 (3), 1224-1231 (2013).</li><li>Wood, K. J., Bushell, A., Jones, N. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunologic+unresponsiveness+to+alloantigen+in+vivo.+a+role+for+regulatory+T+cells.">Immunologic unresponsiveness to alloantigen in vivo. a role for regulatory T cells.</a> Immunological reviews. 241 (1), 119-132 (2011).</li><li>Sykes, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immune+tolerance:+mechanisms+and+application+in+clinical+transplantation.">Immune tolerance: mechanisms and application in clinical transplantation.</a> Journal of Internal Medicine. 262 (3), 288-310 (2007).</li><li>McFarland, H. I., Rosenberg, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skin+allograft+rejection..">Skin allograft rejection..</a> Current protocols in immunology. , (2009).</li><li>McKenzie, I. F., Morgan, G. M., Sandrin, M. S., Michaelides, M. M., Melvold, R. W., Kohn, H. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=B6.C-H-2bm12.+A+new+H-2+mutation+in+the+I+region+in+the+mouse.">B6.C-H-2bm12. A new H-2 mutation in the I region in the mouse.</a> The Journal of experimental medicine. 150 (6), 1323-1338 (1979).</li><li>McIntyre, K. R., Seidman, J. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nucleotide+sequence+of+mutant+I-A+beta+bm12+gene+is+evidence+for+genetic+exchange+between+mouse+immune+response+genes.">Nucleotide sequence of mutant I-A beta bm12 gene is evidence for genetic exchange between mouse immune response genes.</a> Nature. 308 (5959), 551-553 (1984).</li><li>Stuart, P. M., Beck-Maier, B., Melvold, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Provocation+of+skin+graft+rejection+across+murine+class+II+differences+by+non--bone-marrow-derived+cells.">Provocation of skin graft rejection across murine class II differences by non--bone-marrow-derived cells.</a> Transplantation. 37 (4), 393-396 (1984).</li><li>Hausmann, B., Palmer, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Positive+selection+through+a+motif+in+the+alphabeta+T+cell+receptor.">Positive selection through a motif in the alphabeta T cell receptor.</a> Science. 281 (5378), 835-838 (1998).</li><li>Bill, J., Ronchese, F., Germain, R. N., Palmer, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+contribution+of+mutant+amino+acids+to+alloantigenicity.">The contribution of mutant amino acids to alloantigenicity.</a> The Journal of experimental medicine. 170 (3), (1989).</li><li>Monaco, A. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunosuppression+and+tolerance+for+clinical+organ+allografts.">Immunosuppression and tolerance for clinical organ allografts.</a> Current Opinion in Immunology. 1 (6), 1174-1177 (1989).</li><li>Rosenberg, A. S., Singer, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+basis+of+skin+allograft+rejection:+an+in+vivo+model+of+immune-mediated+tissue+destruction.">Cellular basis of skin allograft rejection: an in vivo model of immune-mediated tissue destruction.</a> Annual Review of Immunology. 10, 333-358 (1992).</li><li>Kingsley, C. I., Nadig, S. N., Wood, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplantation+tolerance:+lessons+from+experimental+rodent+models.">Transplantation tolerance: lessons from experimental rodent models.</a> Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation. 20 (10), 828-841 (2007).</li><li>Larsen, C. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+acceptance+of+skin+and+cardiac+allografts+after+blocking+CD40+and+CD28+pathways.">Long-term acceptance of skin and cardiac allografts after blocking CD40 and CD28 pathways.</a> Nature. 381 (6581), 434-438 (1996).</li><li>Tomura, M., Nakatani, I., Murachi, M., Tai, X. G., Toyo-oka, K., Fujiwara, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Suppression+of+allograft+responses+induced+by+interleukin-6,+which+selectively+modulates+interferon-gamma+but+not+interleukin-2+production.">Suppression of allograft responses induced by interleukin-6, which selectively modulates interferon-gamma but not interleukin-2 production.</a> Transplantation. 64 (5), 757-763 (1997).</li><li>Ring, G. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interferon-gamma+is+necessary+for+initiating+the+acute+rejection+of+major+histocompatibility+complex+class+II-disparate+skin+allografts.">Interferon-gamma is necessary for initiating the acute rejection of major histocompatibility complex class II-disparate skin allografts.</a> Transplantation. 67 (10), 1362-1365 (1999).</li><li>Rosenberg, A. S., Finbloom, D. S., Maniero, T. G., Vander Meide, P. H., Singer, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Specific+prolongation+of+MHC+class+II+disparate+skin+allografts+by+in+vivo+administration+of+anti-IFN-gamma+monoclonal+antibody.">Specific prolongation of MHC class II disparate skin allografts by in vivo administration of anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody.</a> Journal of immunology. 144 (12), 4648-4650 (1950).</li><li>Goes, N., Sims, T., Urmson, J., Vincent, D., Ramassar, V., Halloran, P. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Disturbed+MHC+regulation+in+the+IFN-gamma+knockout+mouse.+Evidence+for+three+states+of+MHC+expression+with+distinct+roles+for+IFN-gamma.">Disturbed MHC regulation in the IFN-gamma knockout mouse. Evidence for three states of MHC expression with distinct roles for IFN-gamma.</a> Journal of immunology. 155 (10), 4559-4566 (1995).</li><li>Surquin, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IL-4+deficiency+prevents+eosinophilic+rejection+and+uncovers+a+role+for+neutrophils+in+the+rejection+of+MHC+class+II+disparate+skin+grafts.">IL-4 deficiency prevents eosinophilic rejection and uncovers a role for neutrophils in the rejection of MHC class II disparate skin grafts.</a> Transplantation. 80 (10), 1485-1492 (2005).</li><li>Gaylo, A. E., Laux, K. S., Batzel, E. J., Berg, M. E., Field, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Delayed+rejection+of+MHC+class+II-disparate+skin+allografts+in+mice+treated+with+farnesyltransferase+inhibitors.">Delayed rejection of MHC class II-disparate skin allografts in mice treated with farnesyltransferase inhibitors.</a> Transplant immunology. 20 (3), 163-170 (2009).</li><li>Bose, A., Inoue, Y., Kokko, K. E., Lakkis, F. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cutting+edge:+perforin+down-regulates+CD4+and+CD8+T+cell-mediated+immune+responses+to+a+transplanted+organ.">Cutting edge: perforin down-regulates CD4 and CD8 T cell-mediated immune responses to a transplanted organ.</a> Journal of immunology. 170 (4), 1611-1614 (2003).</li></ol>

O transplante de pele é um método amplamente utilizado para estudar a rejeição e de tolerância em células T dependentes. Desde foi criado o modelo de transplante de pele, várias adaptações e mudanças foram aplicadas. No procedimento descrito, IA BM12 transplante de cauda-de pele é realizada usando gás anestésico (isoflurano). O uso de anestesia gás diminui o tempo de execução e recuperação de ratos, o que diminui o stress em ratos transplantados. O procedimento utiliza tecido adesivo para fi...

O transplante de órgãos sólidos, tais como a pele, o coração e os rins já é um procedimento padrão na prática médica mundial 1. Órgãos transplantados com sucesso pode ser rejeitado pela activação do sistema imune receptor, o qual reconhece os principais antigénios de histocompatibilidade dos dadores. Pacientes transplantados Portanto precisam de tratamento com drogas imunossupressoras 2. O transplante alogênico de pele em ratos foi estabelecida por Medawar e seus colegas em 1955 e foi útil para identificar as moléculas-alvo mais tarde descrito como complexo principal de histocompatibilidade (MHC) de classe I e II. Desde então, o modelo de transplante de pele tem sido continuamente modificado e adaptado para estudar o papel das subpopulações de células T e a relevância da química e biológica de intervenção na supressão da rejeição do enxerto 2-4. Pele da orelha e tronco são mais difíceis de preparar e são mais suscetíveis à hipóxia e necrose de pele tail-5; no entanto,o procedimento de transplante é semelhante. Além disso, o monitoramento de transplantes de cauda de pele é fácil, devido à textura do cabelo característico da pele. Este artigo fornece um procedimento detalhado para a classe II do MHC transplante incompatibilidade cauda-de pele que permite que para o estudo de diferentes aspectos dos linfócitos T CD4 + mediada por células T e tolerância rejeição do enxerto em murganhos. A mutação de três pontos natural na molécula de MHC de classe II IA b (chamado IA BM12) 6-9 é suficiente para induzir a rejeição de enxertos de pele em ratos C57BL / 6 8. A molécula BM12 IA activa as células T CD4 + com vários receptores de células αβ-T (TCR) cadeias de ratinhos C57BL / 6, entre os quais as células T Vα2Vβ8-específicos de TCR foram identificados, a fim de gerar um ratinho transgénico Tc-10. A transferência adoptiva de células T específicos de TCR Vα2Vβ8 tem sido usado para estabelecer um modelo de rejeição em C57B imunodeficienteL / 6 RAG2 - / - ratos transplantados com IA BM12 pele. As diferenças genéticas entre doador e receptor influência sobre o resultado de aceitação de transplante e rejeição. Existem diferentes tipos de transplantes: auto-enxertos são transplantados a partir do próprio indivíduo receptor; syngrafts e enxertos são transplantes de indivíduos geneticamente idênticos e geneticamente não relacionadas, respectivamente. A aceitação de transplante de órgãos alogénicos foi demonstrada por intervenção química e biológica de pacientes e de modelos de rato 11,3,4. Numa abordagem básica, anti-CD3 tratadas com anticorpo C57BL / 6 ratos mostraram sobrevivência prolongada de IA BM12 cauda-de pele (dados não publicados). A depleção de células T CD4 + e CD8 +, células T antes do transplante em ratinhos receptores resultou na aceitação do MHC de classe I e II enxertos incompatíveis (rev. em 12). Curiosamente, a rejeição de enxertos de pele depende da presença de células T CD4 + </sup&gt; As células T (Rev. em 12). Neste modelo, tendo como alvo as interacções específicas entre as células imunes diferentes, bloqueando as moléculas de co-estimulação com anticorpos ou com supressão de células T reguladoras, pode induzir tolerância (dados não publicados). Na verdade, bloqueando tanto CD40 e CD28 levou a longo prazo a tolerância do enxerto de pele 13,14. O transplante de pele da cauda-é fácil de realizar e é fácil de monitorizar em comparação com o transplante de outros órgãos. Além disso, os transplantes de pele de cauda são fáceis de preparar e são menos susceptíveis à isquemia do que os outros tecidos da pele. Em contraste com os anestésicos injectáveis, o uso de gás anestésico (isoflurano) durante o transplante de ambos encurta o processo e o tempo de recuperação do destinatário. Curling do transplante de cauda-de pele, o que pode conduzir a cicatrização incompleta e rejeição de enxerto, é evitada por aplicação de adesivo de tecido. Além disso, o modelo de transplante de pele da cauda-IA BM12 ativa exclusivamente CD4 <sup&gt; + Células T, tanto em imunocompetentes e camundongos imunodeficientes (do mesmo fundo genético) facilitando a interpretação dos resultados. Este protocolo descreve um modelo fiável, reprodutível e facilmente monitorado rato que permite a intervenção química e biológica. O modelo destina-se a investigar a rejeição ea tolerância indução de transplantes de rabo-de pele.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="831">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Betadine Standard solution</td>
			<td>Mundipharma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cotton swab</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">31025060</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">Dafalgan , UPSA</td>
			<td>Bristol Myers Squibb SA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hansaplast Finger Strips</td>
			<td>Beierdorf AG</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">REF.76861</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Histoacryl Tissue adhesive</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Braun</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">REF.1050052</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Leukotape classic , 2cm x 10 m</td>
			<td>BSN Medical SAS</td>
			<td>REF.02204-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PBS, Phosphate-Buffered Saline, pH 7.4</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10010015</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile gauze, 5 x 5cm, 8ply</td>
			<td>MaiMed GmbH</td>
			<td>21010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Surgical instruments&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11003-12</td>
			<td>Narrow pattern forceps,&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;"></td>
			<td style="width:183px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14095-11</td>
			<td>Fine iris scissor curved,</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;"></td>
			<td style="width:183px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14094-11</td>
			<td>Fine iris scissor&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;"></td>
			<td style="width:183px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14010-15</td>
			<td>Mayo scissors,</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;"></td>
			<td style="width:183px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14080-11</td>
			<td>Artery scissors ball tip 11.5 cm&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;"></td>
			<td style="width:183px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11021-14</td>
			<td>Tissue forceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">Surgical Blade No.20</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Swann-Morton LTD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3006</td>
			<td>Carbon Steel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">Surgical blade Handles</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Swann-Morton LTD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syringe, 1ml</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">ARTSANA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>disposable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Temgesic , Buprenorphine</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">ESSEX Chemie AG</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>0.3mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">Tissue Culture dishes 10 cm, 60.1 cm2</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">TPP</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">Vaseline</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Vifor SA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">Warm pad</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Solis</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Type 223</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

transplantation of tail skin to study allogeneic cd4 t cell responses in mice

The study of T cell responses and their consequences during allo-antigen recognition requires a model that enables one to distinguish between donor and host T cells, to easily monitor the graft, and to adapt the system in order to answer different immunological questions. Medawar and colleagues established allogeneic tail-skin transplantation in mice in 1955. Since then, the skin transplantation model has been continuously modified and adapted to answer specific questions. The use of tail-skin renders this model easy to score for graft rejection, requires neither extensive preparation nor deep anesthesia, is applicable to animals of all genetic background, discourages ischemic necrosis, and permits chemical and biological intervention. 
In general, both CD4+ and CD8+ allogeneic T cells are responsible for the rejection of allografts since they recognize mismatched major histocompatibility antigens from different mouse strains. Several models have been described for activating allogeneic T cells in skin-transplanted mice. The identification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules in different mouse strains including C57BL/6 mice was an important step toward understanding and studying T cell-mediated alloresponses. In the tail-skin transplantation model described here, a three-point mutation (I-Abm12) in the antigen-presenting groove of the MHC-class II (I-Ab) molecule is sufficient to induce strong allogeneic CD4+ T cell activation in C57BL/6 mice. Skin grafts from I-Abm12 mice on C57BL/6 mice are rejected within 12-15 days, while syngeneic grafts are accepted for up to 100 days. The absence of T cells (CD3-/- and Rag2-/- mice) allows skin graft acceptance up to 100 days, which can be overcome by transferring 2 x 104 wild type or transgenic T cells. Adoptively transferred T cells proliferate and produce IFN-&#947; in I-Abm12-transplanted Rag2-/- mice.

Numa primeira abordagem C57BL / 6 foram transplantadas com IA allografts BM12 e IA b syngrafts. Após a remoção curativo, enxertos sinais manifestos de cicatrização de feridas, sem encerramento da zona de contato em camundongos C57BL / 6 (Figura 1A). Após a remoção do penso, a inflamação mediada por células T CD4 +, conduziu ao aparecimento de áreas necróticas (manchas vermelhas) e rejeição de aloenxertos IA BM12 em ratinhos C57BL / 6 no espaço ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transplantation of Tail Skin to Study Allogeneic CD4 T Cell Responses in Mice at JoVE.com

Transplantation of Tail Skin to Study Allogeneic CD4 T Cell Responses in Mice

O transplante de pele da cauda para estudar as respostas das células T CD4 alogênico em camundongos

Tail-skin transplantation is a powerful model for studying T cell-dependent rejection and tolerance induction during allogeneic immune responses in mice. The advantages of this protocol are minor invasive surgery, and ease of monitoring with no need to sacrifice the recipient mouse.

The study of T cell responses and their consequences during allo-antigen recognition requires a model that enables one to distinguish between donor and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Geração de células T específicas Multivirus para Prevenir / tratar infecções virais após transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas alogênico

Viral infections cause morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. We and others have successfully ...

Imunologia e Infecção

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

Accelerated Diabetes Tipo 1 Indução em Ratos por transferência adotiva de diabetogênicos TCD4 +

The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops autoimmune diabetes after 12 weeks of age and is the most extensively studied animal model of ...

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Transdução de adenovírus Naive CD4 células T para estudar a diferenciação Treg

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential to provide immune tolerance to self as well as to certain foreign antigens. Tregs can be generated from naive CD4 ...

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of NaÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¯ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolamento e Th17 Diferenciação de Linfócitos T CD4 Naïve

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets ...

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice

Indução de Murino inflamação intestinal por transferência adotiva de Effector CD4<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; CD45RB<sup&gt; Alta</sup&gt; Células T em imunodeficientes Mice

There are many different animal models available for studying the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), each with its own advantages ...

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Mouse NaÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¯ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Rato Naïve CD4<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; Isolamento de células T e<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Diferenciação em subpopulações de células T

Antigen inexperienced (na&#239;ve) CD4+ T cells undergo expansion and differentiation to effector subsets at the time of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition ...

Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis

Migração intersticial imagens de células CD4 T na derme inflamadas

The ability of CD4 T cells to carry out effector functions is dependent upon the rapid and efficient migration of these cells in inflamed peripheral ...

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

In Vitro e In Vivo de avaliação da atividade supressiva, T, B e células mieloides e respostas Humoral de pacientes transplantados

The main concern in transplantation is to achieve specific tolerance through induction of regulatory cells. The understanding of tolerance mechanisms ...

A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo

A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo

Um protocolo de aspiração da bolha para estudar células T humanas Recall Responses In Vivo

Cutaneous antigen-recall models allow for studies of human memory responses in vivo. When combined with skin suction blister (SB) induction, this model ...

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Caracterização das respostas de isotipo de imunoglobulina Timo-dependentes e Timo-independente nos ratos usando ensaio enzima-lig da imunoabsorção

Antibodies, also termed as immunoglobulins (Ig), secreted by differentiated B lymphocytes, plasmablasts/plasma cells, in humoral immunity provide a ...