Name: getting to compliance in forced exercise in rodents: a critical standard to evaluate exercise impact in aging-related disorders and disease
Uploaded: 2014-08-22T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease at JoVE.com

通过授予MF萨尔瓦多来自国家衰老研究所（AG040261）研究补助金的一部分提供资金用于这项工作。作者还要感谢维多利亚字段她的协助与工作相关的行为实验提出和Mackenzie果园，他协助建设逆止器的跑步机。

下面所有的程序都是按照机构动物照顾及使用委员会在路易斯安那州立大学健康科学中心 - 什里夫波特进行的，符合卫生指引研究所。 1，运动前程序注：所有在该强制运动养生相关手续的时间线图解如图1所示 。 <img alt="图1" fo:content-width="5in" src="/files/ftp_upload/51827/51827fig1highres.jpg" width="500" /><br...

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有证据表明，生活方式的策略，如运动，可减少对慢性年龄有关的疾病和其主要症状，包括神经变性疾病如阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森病20的风险。强制运动在跑步机上的好处，而不是自愿运动在跑轮，是研究者能够确定的频率，速度，和/或运动的强度和持续时间的练习会话。因此，具体的运动后的效果，如增加运动或认知能力，可以预测或预期下给定的方案的工作。此外，强迫跑步机锻?...

非侵入性的生活方式策略，可以防止或减轻损害，以认知和运动，两者常常与衰老有关，是获得牵引力为可行的做法，保持健康和福祉1,2。例如，相比与推进3个年龄相似的中年同行中到严格的训练，每周和一致的基础上的中年男人显著提高运动能力。此外，越来越多的证据表明，这些生活方式的策略，如锻炼，可以减轻或者甚至逆转与神经变性疾病如帕金森氏病（PD）4相关联的损伤。 努力了解的老化相关的损伤的分子机制，也已经朝向确定如何非侵入性策略，如锻炼，逆转或减轻，有助于这类损伤的机制。跑步机运动就是这样的一个STRAT埃及正在越来越多地应用在帕金森病5-7和认知功能障碍1款，其中仍在确定背后的改善运动或认知功能的机制。然而，它指出，老化是帕金森病的神经生物学背景是很重要的。因此，对于人类生存条件，以实现在动物模型中的任何运动利益的任何潜在的翻译必须考虑到老龄化的神经生物学背景。例如，在帕金森病的进展延缓运动障碍的代偿机制可以通过老化8的过程中受到损害。因此，按理说，锻炼范式必须开发，不仅考虑在任一的存在或不存在疾病的病理老化的影响，但也可以发起和维持老年啮齿类动物。 因此，考虑到大鼠品系上的神经生物学背景下老化，在选择应该由调查员进行精心考虑。一些大鼠品系可用于衰老研究，特别是菲舍尔344和布朗挪威/菲舍尔344传真：1（BNF）的混合体。常用只SD大鼠（远交株）也是适合于这种用途，因为它是常用的神经变性疾病模型，如6 - 羟基多巴胺PD模型。我们的实验室在衰老和神经退行性疾病的工作，同时使用只SD和BNF株。在这份报告中，我们将介绍使用结果两个菌株突出我们的工作协议。对于那些研究者严格聚焦于年龄相关的研究中，BNF应变提供了一些重要的优点。第一，它是比较不容易受到老化相关的疾病（如肿瘤），并具有出色的寿命（典型寿命大于30个月）相比于其它菌株。他们也有各种生理和行为的结果9，少变化d为也适合于探讨与衰老过程干预方法。此外，实验中如强迫运动需要相当的处理由研究者和BNF应变的温柔性格是有利的。纹状体和中脑组织多巴胺含量与老化相关的变化，以及自发活动的变化是BNF老鼠和灵长类动物10-11相似。我们的实验室还与表征和操纵纹状体和中脑多巴胺信号和自发活动的BNF应变12-16丰富的经验。因此，由于其他的神经生物学基础疾病的风险随着年龄增加，神经变性疾病的动物模型中应考虑使用啮齿类动物品系与使用在老化研究中的广泛记录。 我们的协议在此也解决了一些关键问题的调查必须考虑在他们的结果obtaine的解释d从演习的协议。啮齿动物跑步机设备（它的使用，我们将在本报告中突出显示），通常配有触电的线圈可以停用跑步机的每条车道的后面。然而，当这些电击线圈被激活时，一个小的电击递送给受试者，因为它来自于与线圈接触。这种策略通常被用在运动的研究，以促进遵守跑步锻炼。这是一个关键点的考虑，特别是对那些参与行为研究调查是由多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的信号的影响。电气电击是一种生理应激，其在两个神经递质系统的影响是证据充分的，与酪氨酸羟化酶17-18的活性增加。因此，无论是增加神经递质的合成可能混淆的任何锻炼效果的诠释，使得研究者负责解释是否有任何在运动后的行为观察到的变化是由于严格的锻炼方案或电击的压力。重要的是，所提出的强制运动疗法不采用使用电击的在跑步机上锻炼的任何点或运动训练时段。 成功的运动疗法也需要遵守最高行使的考试科目。电击的，以实现符合性就业可能混淆实验结果的解释当从属措施涉及神经递质的信号是受电击的影响（如前面所讨论的）。因此，面临的挑战是让啮齿动物，尤其是鼠类岁，符合了运动处方。任何运动养生的理想目标是达到近100％达标，因为这将减少所需完成的运动养生动物的数量。具体而言，最大的合规性锻炼和运动养生的结果的解释可以直接使用作为几个运动前的程序，包括：1）反向明暗周期，使动物在其活动（唤醒）循环锻炼的结果在我们的运动处方得到E，2）确保运动性能基线是之前的隔离等控制和运动组，和3）将所述测试受试者的逐渐引入他们的锻炼方案的要求的适应期。在这里，上述实验的考虑，必须实现近100％达标措施，跑步机锻炼的老年啮齿类动物（&gt; 18月龄）进行评估并提交。最后，与运动相关联的环境中可能是有压力的，因此，本潜在混淆，以确定特定的行使的生理效应。我们的协议还包括在驯化阶段的每一个环节的nonexercise集团控制了暴露在跑步机上的潜在压力诱导的环境（包括MODEST跑步机上运行）和在跑步机上运动训练过程中把他们在固定的跑步机。因此，该协议的目的是描述需要单独确定运动的生理造成影响。

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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="814">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="6" height="41" rowspan="2" style="height:41px;width:815px;">Table of Specific Materials/Equipment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Name of Material/Equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td colspan="3">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;">Exer-4 Treadmill for Rats</td>
			<td>Columbus Instruments&#160;</td>
			<td>96157-2</td>
			<td colspan="3" style="width:321px;">Columbus has a variety of treadmills for animals with varying numbers of lanes, and other options such as metabolic measurements</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="59" rowspan="2" style="height:59px;width:211px;">Animal Activity Meter: Opto-Varimex 4-Auto Track&#160;</td>
			<td rowspan="2">Columbus Instruments&#160;</td>
			<td rowspan="2">0170-R4</td>
			<td colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="width:321px;">Columbus has several options for activity chambers with varying arena sizes, beam spacing, and sensors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

getting to compliance in forced exercise in rodents: a critical standard to evaluate exercise impact in aging-related disorders and disease

有在运动对改善多种疾病有神经生物学基础的积极影响的认识大幅度增加;这些措施包括改善认知功能和物理性能。作为一个结果，存在增加在动物研究中使用的运动的数目。有人认为，强迫运动的一个内在价值是研究者拥有可影响运动对行为结果的影响因素的控制，尤其是运动频率的运动养生的，持续时间和强度。然而，遵从在强制运动疗法可能是一个问题，特别是如果是采用足部电击的潜在的困惑要避免。同样重要的是要考虑到，因为大多数的认知和运动障碍罢工老年个体，确定这些障碍应该考虑使用老年啮齿类动物与合规性的最高级别的运动的影响，以保证测试的苏最小需求bjects。在这里，相关的步骤和要达到近100％符合跑步机锻炼的老年啮齿类动物模型中考虑将介绍和讨论。尽管具体的锻炼方案所采用的调查，我们的协议应该是使用到调查是在强迫运动对衰老相关的损伤，包括老龄化相关的帕金森病和帕金森氏病的潜在影响，特别感兴趣。

在所有三个阶段都被迫锻炼方案的事件的时间线的示意图示于图1中 ，除了反转的光-暗循环，每天处理之前，任何实验测试，并驯化培养，其中受试者坐的第1阶段在固定的跑步机5-10分钟/天，连续3天，实施了以提高符合强制锻炼方案。这些程序被添加到协议中，以尽量减少与新颖的环境相关的应力，并且使受试者会更倾向于上行走的运动跑步机，如果他们已经熟悉的固定装置。这些?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease at JoVE.com

Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease

Exercise may alleviate behavioral impairments associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Studies of the mechanisms underlying exercise-mediated effects have increased in disease models, but the neurobiological background accompanying these diseases, specifically aging, is likely not considered. Here, we illustrate measures to increase the likelihood of a successful exercise paradigm in aged rats.

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Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

揭开节拍耳聋：检测节律紊乱与同步手指敲击和感知定时任务

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here ...

Assessment of Murine Exercise Endurance Without the Use of a Shock Grid: An Alternative to Forced Exercise

小鼠运动耐力的评估没有一个冲击电网的使用：另一种强迫运动

Using laboratory mouse models, the molecular pathways responsible for the metabolic benefits of endurance exercise are beginning to be defined. The most ...

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats

一个过程来观察大鼠巴甫洛夫空调酒精寻求行为的背景下引发的重建

Environmental contexts in which drugs of abuse are consumed can trigger craving, a subjective Pavlovian-conditioned response that can facilitate ...

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors

舌的超声图像：一个教程评估和修复声音讲话的错误

Diagnostic ultrasound imaging has been a common tool in medical practice for several decades. It provides a safe and effective method for imaging ...

Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice

小鼠低血压运动的下位强度及血管功能评估

Exercise training is an important strategy for maintaining health and preventing many chronic diseases. It is the first line of treatment recommended by ...

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

稳定慢性阻塞性肺病患者家庭处方肺运动

As a systemic disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the respiratory system, inducing restless and exercise dyspnea. It also ...

Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training

高强度间歇锻炼和中强度连续运动对心脏肌钙蛋白T级在训练早期阶段的影响

An elevation in cardiac troponin T (cTnT), as a highly specific biomarker of cardiomyocyte damage, after moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MCE) has ...