Name: detection of alternative splicing during epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Uploaded: 2014-10-09T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition at JoVE.com

The authors would like to acknowledge Wensheng Liu for invaluable help with cell imaging. This work was supported by grants from the&#160;US National Institutes of Health (R01 CA182467), American Cancer Society (RSG-09-252-01-RMC), Lynn Sage Foundation, and A Sister&#8217;s Hope Foundation.

1 Cella Cultura della EMT induzione Nota: EMT può essere indotta da trattamenti di TGFβ o espressione ectopica di fattori di trascrizione Twist, Chiocciola, o Zeb1 / 2 in cellule epiteliali. Descritto in questo protocollo è un sistema EMT inducibile mediante espressione della proteina di fusione Twist-ER in cellule immortalizzate umane epiteliali mammarie (HMLE / Twist-ER, un dono di Dr. J Yang, UCSD) 9,11,29. Al 4-hydroxytamoxifen (TAM) il trattamento, la proteina di fusione Twi...

<ol>
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La procedura qui descritta consente il rilevamento di splicing alternativo in un modello EMT inducibile. Come tali, le alterazioni dinamiche di espressione delle isoforme di splicing possono essere catturate nel corso tempo di EMT. Questo metodo ha vantaggi rispetto all&#39;uso di epithelial- diverso o linee di cellule mesenchimali-che rappresenta per il confronto di splicing alternativo, perché background genetici distinti da linee cellulari connessi alle Nazioni Unite potrebbero influenzare indebitamente splicing alt...

La transizione epitelio-mesenchimale (EMT) è un programma di sviluppo che guida la morfogenesi di organi e rimodellamento tissutale durante l&#39;embriogenesi. Quando anormalmente attivato, EMT promuove la metastasi del tumore e degli organi fibrosi 1,2. Studi convincenti hanno descritto l&#39;importanza della regolazione trascrizionale durante il processo di EMT, definito da diversi fattori di trascrizione, come il Twist, Lumaca, e ZEB, che reprimono l&#39;espressione della proteina di giunzione adherens E-caderina, con conseguente perdita di un cobble- pietra come morfologia epiteliale e il guadagno di un a forma di fuso fenotipo mesenchimale 3-8. Recenti studi attraverso l&#39;analisi dell&#39;intero genoma di RNA hanno rivelato che esiste un gruppo di geni i cui modelli di splicing sono associati sia con fenotipi epiteliali e mesenchimali 9,10. Il lavoro dal nostro laboratorio funzionalmente collegato splicing alternativo e EMT. Studiando la superficie cellulare molecola di adesione CD44, abbiamo dimostrato che il CD44 Alternative splicing è strettamente regolata durante EMT, e più importante, che CD44 giuntura isoforma passaggio causalmente contribuisce alla EMT 11. Splicing alternativo rappresenta un modello diffuso e conservato di regolazione genica, in quanto fino al 95% dei geni multi-esone umani sono splicing alternativo 12-14. Generando più prodotti proteici da un singolo gene, splicing alternativo costituisce un meccanismo essenziale per la diversità di proteine, aggiungendo un ulteriore livello di complessità al genoma umano. Come tale, disregolazione di splicing alternativo potrebbe potenzialmente portare a profondi effetti biologici che causano malattie umane. Infatti, aberrante splicing alternativo nelle malattie è stato documentato da oltre un decennio 15-25, compresi recenti scoperte che le mutazioni in geni che codificano per le macchine spliceosoma trovano comunemente nelle sindromi mielodisplastiche 26-28. Pertanto, lo sviluppo di metodi affidabili per la rilevazione di i splicing alternativosoforms è di grande importanza nello studio dei processi biologici diversi, tra cui EMT. Qui forniamo un protocollo per rilevare i cambiamenti nella splicing alternativo utilizzando un modello di EMT inducibile. I metodi per la progettazione di primer PCR e rilevazione isoforme di splicing sono adatte non solo per lo studio di splicing alternativo durante EMT, ma anche per lo studio di splicing alternativo in altri processi biologici. Indagare splicing alternativo durante EMT è indispensabile al fine di comprendere meglio i meccanismi di EMT e metastasi tumorali, facilitando così lo sviluppo di strategie efficaci per il trattamento di metastasi del cancro.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1167">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">Name of the reagent</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Catalogue number</td>
			<td style="width:564px;">Comments (optional)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">4-hydroxytamoxifen</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H7904</td>
			<td>Make stock solution by dissolving in ethanol to 200&#956;M, and keep at -20&#8451; protected from light.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">E.Z.N.A. Total RNA Isolation kit</td>
			<td>Omega Bio-Tek</td>
			<td>R6731</td>
			<td>Total RNA isolation kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">GoScript Reverse Transcription System</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>A5001</td>
			<td>Reagent for qRT-PCR assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">GoTaq qPCR Master Mix</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>A6002</td>
			<td>Reagent for qRT-PCR assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">LightCycler 480 Real-Time PCR System</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Equipment for qRT-PCR assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CD44 antibody</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>BBA10</td>
			<td>1:1000 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">E-cadherin antibody</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td>4065</td>
			<td>1:2500 dilution for immunoblotting; 1:50 dilution for immunofluorescence</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#947;-catenin antibody</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td>2309</td>
			<td>1:1000 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">occludin antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.</td>
			<td>sc-5562</td>
			<td>1:500 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">fibronectin antibody</td>
			<td>BD Transduction Laboratories</td>
			<td>610077</td>
			<td>1:5000 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">N-cadherin antibody</td>
			<td>BD Transduction Laboratories</td>
			<td>610920</td>
			<td>1:2000 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">vimentin antibody</td>
			<td>NeoMarkers</td>
			<td>MS-129-p1</td>
			<td>1:500 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">GAPDH antibody</td>
			<td>Millipore Corporation</td>
			<td>MAB374</td>
			<td>1:10000 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Amasham ECL Western blotting detection reagent</td>
			<td>GE Health Life Science</td>
			<td>RPN2209</td>
			<td>Chemiluminescence system</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

detection of alternative splicing during epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Alternative splicing plays a critical role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an essential cellular program that occurs in various physiological and pathological processes. Here we describe a strategy to detect alternative splicing during EMT using an inducible EMT model by expressing the transcription repressor Twist. EMT is monitored by changes in cell morphology, loss of E-cadherin localization at cell-cell junctions, and the switched expression of EMT markers, such as loss of epithelial markers E-cadherin and &#947;-catenin and gain of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin. Using isoform-specific primer sets, the alternative splicing of interested mRNAs are analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. The production of corresponding protein isoforms is validated by immunoblotting assays. The method of detecting splice isoforms described here is also suitable for the study of alternative splicing in other biological processes.

Le procedure sopra descritte forniscono un metodo affidabile per rilevare splicing alternativo durante EMT. Risultati rappresentativi di CD44 giunzione commutazione isoforma durante EMT Twist-indotta sono riportati di seguito come esempio. EMT Twist-indotta nelle cellule HMLE / Twist-ER è stato caratterizzato da una transizione da un ciottolo-pietra come fenotipo epiteliale ad un fenotipo fibroblastica allungata (Figura 2A), l&#39;assenza di marcatori epiteliali E-caderina,...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition at JoVE.com

Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Alternative splicing regulation has been shown to contribute to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an essential cellular program in various physiological and pathological processes. Here we describe a method utilizing an inducible EMT model for the detection of alternative splicing during EMT.

Rilevamento di splicing alternativo Durante epiteliale-mesenchimale transizione

Alternative splicing plays a critical role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an essential cellular program that occurs in various ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Light/dark Transition Test for Mice

Luce / buio test di transizione per i Topi

Although all of the mouse genome sequences have been determined, we do not yet know the functions of most of these genes. Gene-targeting techniques, ...

Ricerca

Biologia

Detection of Protein Ubiquitination

Rilevamento di proteine ​​Ubiquitinazione

Ubiquitination, the covalent attachment of the polypeptide ubiquitin to target proteins, is a key posttranslational modification carried out by a set of ...

Detection of Functional Matrix Metalloproteinases by Zymography

Rilevamento delle metalloproteinasi della matrice funzionale di zimografia

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-containing endopeptidases. They degrade proteins by cleavage of peptide bonds. More than twenty MMPs have been ...

Optimized PCR-based Detection of Mycoplasma

Ottimizzati basati sulla PCR Rilevazione di Mycoplasma

The maintenance of contamination-free cell lines is essential to cell-based research. Among the biggest contaminant concerns are mycoplasma contamination. ...

Multi-parameter Measurement of the Permeability Transition Pore Opening in Isolated Mouse Heart Mitochondria

Multi-parametro di misura della apertura dei pori di transizione di permeabilità nel Cuore mouse mitocondri isolati

The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP) is a non specific channel that forms in the inner mitochondrial membrane to transport solutes with ...

Rapid Genetic Analysis of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Signaling During Hair Regeneration

Rapida analisi genetica di epitelio-mesenchimale segnalazione durante la rigenerazione dei capelli

Hair follicle morphogenesis, a complex process requiring interaction between epithelia-derived keratinocytes and the underlying mesenchyme, is an ...

Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

Induzione e Analisi dei epiteliale a Mesenchymal Transizione

Epithelial  to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for proper morphogenesis during  development. Misregulation of this  process has been implicated ...

Alternative Cultures for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Production, Maintenance, and Genetic Analysis

Le colture per pluripotenti umane alternative staminali produzione di celle, manutenzione e analisi genetica

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine and biopharmaceutical applications. Currently, optimal culture and ...

Methods to Discover Alternative Promoter Usage and Transcriptional Regulation of Murine Bcrp1

I metodi per scoprire alternative Uso Promotore e regolazione trascrizionale di Murine Bcrp1

Gene expression in different tissues is often controlled by alternative promoters that result in the synthesis of mRNA with unique &#8212; usually ...

An Alternative Approach for Sample Preparation with Low Cell Number for TEM Analysis

Un approccio alternativo per la preparazione del campione con un basso numero di cellule per l&#39;analisi TEM

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides details of the cellular organization and ultrastructure. However, TEM analysis of rare cell populations, ...