Name: mouse fetal liver culture system to dissect target gene functions at the early and late stages of terminal erythropoiesis
Uploaded: 2014-09-09T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Fetal Liver Culture System to Dissect Target Gene Functions at the Early and Late Stages of Terminal Erythropoiesis at JoVE.com

这项研究是由美国国立卫生研究院R00HL102154支持，以及血液学学者奖的美国社会为P吉。

在此协议中描述的实验是在按照规定由美国西北大学实验动物管理和使用委员会的指导方针和规定执行。 1，制备培养基<ol><li>准备纤维连接蛋白的解决方案。加入1毫升水，以人纤连蛋白（1毫克）中的一个小瓶内。离开溶液在组织培养橱中30分钟而不搅拌。总的液体转移至50ml的PBS中，以20微克/毫升的最终浓度，并轻轻混匀。使涂覆的板（见下文）之前的纤连蛋白的溶液新鲜...

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A., Sirin, O., Lin, K. K., Goodell, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hematopoietic+stem+cell+characterization+and+isolation.">Hematopoietic stem cell characterization and isolation.</a> Methods in molecular biology. 750, 47-59 (2011).</li><li>Choi, H. S., Lee, E. M., Kim, H. O., Park, M. I., Baek, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autonomous+control+of+terminal+erythropoiesis+via+physical+interactions+among+erythroid+cells.">Autonomous control of terminal erythropoiesis via physical interactions among erythroid cells.</a> Stem cell research. 10 (3), 442-453 (2013).</li><li>Bhatia, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Short-chain+fatty+acid-mediated+effects+on+erythropoiesis+in+primary+definitive+erythroid+cells.">Short-chain fatty acid-mediated effects on erythropoiesis in primary definitive erythroid cells.</a> Blood. 113 (25), 6440-6448 (2009).</li><li>Zhang, J., Socolovsky, M., Gross, A. W., Lodish, H. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+Ras+signaling+in+erythroid+differentiation+of+mouse+fetal+liver+cells:+functional+analysis+by+a+flow+cytometry-based+novel+culture+system.">Role of Ras signaling in erythroid differentiation of mouse fetal liver cells: functional analysis by a flow cytometry-based novel culture system.</a> Blood. 102 (12), 3938-3946 (2003).</li><li>Socolovsky, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ineffective+erythropoiesis+in+Stat5a(-/-)5b(-/-)+mice+due+to+decreased+survival+of+early+erythroblasts.">Ineffective erythropoiesis in Stat5a(-/-)5b(-/-) mice due to decreased survival of early erythroblasts.</a> Blood. 98 (12), 3261-3273 (2001).</li><li>Ji, P., Jayapal, S. R., Lodish, H. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enucleation+of+cultured+mouse+fetal+erythroblasts+requires+Rac+GTPases+and+mDia2.">Enucleation of cultured mouse fetal erythroblasts requires Rac GTPases and mDia2.</a> Nature cell biology. 10 (3), 314-321 (2008).</li><li>Chida, D., Miura, O., Yoshimura, A., Miyajima, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+cytokine+signaling+molecules+in+erythroid+differentiation+of+mouse+fetal+liver+hematopoietic+cells:+functional+analysis+of+signaling+molecules+by+retrovirus-mediated+expression.">Role of cytokine signaling molecules in erythroid differentiation of mouse fetal liver hematopoietic cells: functional analysis of signaling molecules by retrovirus-mediated expression.</a> Blood. 93 (5), 1567-1578 (1999).</li><li>Patel, V. P., Lodish, H. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+fibronectin+matrix+is+required+for+differentiation+of+murine+erythroleukemia+cells+into+reticulocytes.">A fibronectin matrix is required for differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells into reticulocytes.</a> The Journal of cell biology. 105 (6 Pt 2), 3105-3118 (1987).</li><li>Udupa, K. B., Lipschitz, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endotoxin-induced+suppression+of+erythropoiesis:+the+role+of+erythropoietin+and+a+heme+synthesis+stimulating+factor.">Endotoxin-induced suppression of erythropoiesis: the role of erythropoietin and a heme synthesis stimulating factor.</a> Blood. 59 (6), 1267-1271 (1982).</li><li>Koury, M. J., Sawyer, S. T., Brandt, S. 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在这里，我们提出了一个独特的系统，按时间顺序分析小鼠胎肝终端红细胞生成。通过对不同培养条件下的应用，我们成功地解剖在早期和晚期终端红细胞生成。这是特别重要的，以确定基因与多种功能的机制。例如，外消旋GTP酶发挥终端红细胞生成的不同阶段起重要作用。 Rac的GTP酶在终端红细胞生成影响细胞分化和增殖的早期阶段抑制。在另一方面，抑制Rac的GTP酶的活性，在终端红细胞生成块...

红血球生成是多能造血干细胞的成熟红细胞的分化过程。此分步处理包括类红细胞爆形成单位（BFU-ES），在快速分裂的红细胞集落形成单位（CFU-ES），及形态识别红细胞1,2的形成。由CFU-E祖细胞终端红细胞生成包括连续的促红细胞生成素依赖性和独立的阶段2,3。在终端红细胞生成的早期阶段，促红细胞生成素（EPO）结合到其细胞表面上的受体，并诱导一系列下游信号通路，防止细胞凋亡，促进细胞快速分裂和基因表达1,4。在终端红细胞生成的后期，有核红细胞进行终端细胞周期出口，染色质和核缩合，并挤出的高度浓缩的细胞核分 。 我们的终端的理解红细胞生成极大，在过去的几十年中，这主要是由于在体外成功地利用一些和体内小鼠模型6-9改善。在这些模型中， 在小鼠胚胎肝红细胞体外培养提供了许多优点，包括易于细胞纯化，快速增殖和分化，并更密切模仿人类红细胞生成10,11。在这个系统中，大量的从鼠胎肝红系祖细胞可以容易地由TER119的单步骤纯化（标记为成熟红细胞）阴性红细胞分离。中的红细胞的两天的培养，这些细胞的分化可以通过基于所述转铁蛋白受体（CD71）和TER119抗原12的表面表达的流式细胞术分析来监测。此外，晚期红细胞分化的眼球摘除可以用DNA制造商（赫斯特33342）被检测到13，此外，纯化的祖细胞可被转用的cDNA或小发夹RNA（shRNA的）感兴趣的基因，这有利于基因表达的功能的机理研究对红血球生成11,13,14的外源表达修饰。 在另一方面，快速的细胞生长速度可以是一把双刃剑，因为它很难在终端红细胞生成的不同阶段来描述基因功能。在大多数情况下，很难确定是否在终端红细胞生成的早期阶段的特定基因的功能，因为通过时间的cDNA或shRNA的表达，所述细胞已经通过了早期阶段。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一个独特的系统剖析终端红细胞生成的早期和晚期阶段。对于终端红细胞生成的早期阶段，转基因TER119阴性红细胞培养在促红细胞生成素的培养基中，但含有干细胞因子（SCF），白细胞介素-6和FLT3配体以维持其祖的地位，并允许转导的cDNA和shRNA的表达13。将细胞改变到促红细胞生成素含培养基12小时后，诱导细胞增殖和分化。在这种方式中，当细胞开始分化，在转导的cDNA或shRNA的已经表达出来。对于终端红细胞生成后期，TER119负红细胞人转导后，立即含中Epo的培养。因此，可以分析在终端红细胞生成的后期所感兴趣的基因的功能。综上所述，本系统的广泛应用，将有助于终端红细胞生成的不同阶段解剖基因的功能。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Iscove&#39;s Modified Dulbecco&#39;s MediumIMDM (IMDM)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>12440-053</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>GEMINI Bio-product</td>
			<td>700-102P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>b-mecaptoethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M6250</td>
			<td>0.1 M in IMDM,&#160; 4&#8451;stock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin solution</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SV30010</td>
			<td>100 X</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30034.01</td>
			<td>200 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stem cell factor (SCF)</td>
			<td>STEMCELL TECH</td>
			<td>2630</td>
			<td>100 ng/ul, -20&#8451; stock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse FIT3 Ligand (Flt-3L)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences&#160;</td>
			<td>14-8001-80</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse Recombinant Interleukin-6 (IL-6)&#160;</td>
			<td>GEMINI Bio-product</td>
			<td>300-327P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>fibronectin</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences&#160;</td>
			<td>354008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>STEMCELL TECH</td>
			<td>9300</td>
			<td>10% stock in IMDM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin solution, human</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>I9278</td>
			<td>4&#8451; stock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>holo-transferrin human</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T0665</td>
			<td>50 mg/ml in Water -20&#8451; stock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Erythropoietin(Epo)</td>
			<td>PROCRIT</td>
			<td>NOC 59676-303-00</td>
			<td>3,000 U/ml stock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Streptavidin particles Plus</td>
			<td>BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td>557812</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EasySep Magnet</td>
			<td>STEMCELL TECH</td>
			<td>18000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polypropylene Round-Bottom Tube, 5 ml</td>
			<td>FALCON</td>
			<td>352063</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

mouse fetal liver culture system to dissect target gene functions at the early and late stages of terminal erythropoiesis

包括红细胞生成一个动态的过程，开始于随后迅速分裂红系集落形成单位（CFU-ES）致力于红爆形成单位（BFU-ES）。后CFU-ES，细胞形态识别，一般称为终端红细胞。其中一个终端红细胞的研究挑战是缺乏实验方法来剖析基因功能以时间的方式。在这个协议中，我们描述了一种独特的策略，以确定在终端红细胞生成的早期和晚期基因功能。在这个系统中，小鼠胎肝TER119（成熟红细胞细胞标记物）阴性红细胞中纯化和转导的cDNA或小发夹RNA（shRNA的）感兴趣的基因的外源表达。随后将细胞培养在含有培养基比红细胞生成素（EPO）等，以保持它们的祖细胞阶段为12小时，同时使外源的cDNA或shRNA的生长因子来表达。将细胞改变到促红细胞生成素培养基中12小时后，诱导细胞分化和增殖，而已经表达了外源遗传物质。这个协议有助于在终端红细胞生成的早期阶段的基因的功能分析。研究后期终端红细胞生成，细胞培养，立即在转导后生成素中。在这种方式中，细胞已分化到终端红细胞生成的后期时进行表达的转基因材料。我们建议使用此策略的普遍应用，这将有助于了解在终端红细胞生成的不同阶段，详细的基因功能。

图1列出了实验策略。该协议包括两个独立的条件为靶向的信号分子的功能的终端红细胞生成的早期和晚期阶段。 TER119负胎肝红细胞从E13.5小鼠胚胎纯化。胎肝类红细胞前和纯化后的流式细胞术分析表明，纯化效率高（ 图2A和2B）。对于终端红细胞生成（ 图1中，虚线）的早期阶段，病毒转导后，将细胞在红细胞生成素的培养基（SCF介质）12小时进...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Fetal Liver Culture System to Dissect Target Gene Functions at the Early and Late Stages of Terminal Erythropoiesis at JoVE.com

Mouse Fetal Liver Culture System to Dissect Target Gene Functions at the Early and Late Stages of Terminal Erythropoiesis

小鼠胎肝文化系统解剖靶基因功能的终端红细胞生成的早期和晚期

我们提出了一个在体外小鼠胎肝红细胞培养系统剖析终端红细胞生成的早期和晚期阶段。这个系统有利于在不同的发育阶段特异性基因的功能分析。

Erythropoiesis involves a dynamic process that begins with committed erythroid burst forming units (BFU-Es) followed by rapidly dividing erythroid colony ...

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