Name: imaging intracellular ca2+ signals in striatal astrocytes from adult mice using genetically-encoded calcium indicators
Uploaded: 2014-11-19T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Imaging Intracellular Ca2+ Signals in Striatal Astrocytes from Adult Mice Using Genetically-encoded Calcium Indicators at JoVE.com

La mayor parte del trabajo y el personal involucrado fueron apoyados por el NIH subvención NS060677 y en parte por el NIH otorga MH099559 y MH104069 (a BSK). Parte del trabajo también fue apoyado por la Fundación CHDI.

Todos los animales protocolos fueron de acuerdo con los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de Guía para el Cuidado y Uso de Animales de Laboratorio y fueron aprobados por el Comité de Cuidado y Uso de Animales Institucional de la UCLA. 1.1) Preparar Micropipeta y AAV2 / 5 Virus Cargando <ol><li> Utilice micropipetas de vidrio de borosilicato finas para la inyección del virus. Tire de la micropipeta utilizando un programa tirando de dos pasos con un extractor vertical. Bevel la pipeta en un ?...

<ol>
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S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measuring+near+plasma+membrane+and+global+intracellular+calcium+dynamics+in+astrocytes.">Measuring near plasma membrane and global intracellular calcium dynamics in astrocytes.</a> J Vis Exp. 26, (2009).</li><li>Reeves, A. M., Shigetomi, E., Khakh, B. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bulk+loading+of+calcium+indicator+dyes+to+study+astrocyte+physiology:+key+limitations+and+improvements+using+morphological+maps.">Bulk loading of calcium indicator dyes to study astrocyte physiology: key limitations and improvements using morphological maps.</a> J Neurosci. 31, 9353-9358 (2011).</li><li>Li, D. D., Agulhon, C., Schmidt, E., Oheim, M., Ropert, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+tools+for+investigating+astrocyte-to-neuron+communication.">New tools for investigating astrocyte-to-neuron communication.</a> Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 7, (2013).</li><li>Davila, D., Thibault, K., Fiacco, T. 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I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+induction+of+astrocytic+gliosis+generates+deficits+in+neuronal+inhibition.">Selective induction of astrocytic gliosis generates deficits in neuronal inhibition.</a> Nat Neurosci. 13, 584-591 (2010).</li><li>Zhang, Y., Barres, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Astrocyte+heterogeneity:+an+underappreciated+topic+in+neurobiology.">Astrocyte heterogeneity: an underappreciated topic in neurobiology.</a> Curr Opin Neurobiol. 20, 588-594 (2010).</li><li>Reimsnider, S., Manfredsson, F. P., Muzyczka, N., Mandel, R. 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Los métodos descritos en el presente documento nos han permitido expresar cito-GCaMP3 en astrocitos del cuerpo estriado en vivo para su posterior [Ca 2 +] i de imágenes in situ. Este método tiene ventajas sobre el uso transgénica o ratones knock-in, incluyendo la expresión robusta de la proteína objetivo, rapidez y flexibilidad de aplicación experimental y especificidad anatómica. La expresión de GCaMP3 usando AAV2 / 5 se encontró que era específica y robusta. La combin...

Los astrocitos son células gliales ubicuas y abundantes del cerebro. Está bien establecido que los astrocitos sirven de soporte vital y las funciones homeostáticas que incluyen el almacenamiento en búfer de concentración de K + en el espacio extracelular, la captación de neurotransmisores, así como proporcionar nutrientes. Sin embargo, estudios recientes muestran que también muestran [Ca 2 +] i señales, que se producen de forma espontánea y se incrementan por la actividad neuronal 1. La existencia de los astrocitos [Ca 2 +] i de señalización se ha pensado cada vez más para activar su comunicación con las neuronas, y como tal se ha interpretado como una forma de &quot;Ca 2+ excitabilidad&quot; dentro de los astrocitos. Los datos disponibles en las últimas dos décadas sugieren dos escenarios en los que los astrocitos y las neuronas pueden comunicarse, tal vez de una manera bidireccional. En primer lugar, los astrocitos a menudo responden con un aumento de la [Ca 2 +] i cuando se activa mediante neurotransmisores yneuromoduladores liberados por las neuronas 2. En segundo lugar, la [Ca 2 +] i se incrementa dentro de los astrocitos provoca la liberación de moléculas de señalización de los astrocitos que a su vez puede afectar a las neuronas y los vasos sanguíneos. La evidencia sugiere que las moléculas liberadas a partir de astrocitos conducen a cambios en las funciones de las sinapsis, circuitos y en última instancia el comportamiento de 3-5 a través de la señalización de astrocitos a neurona. Sin embargo, esto sigue siendo un área de investigación en rápido desarrollo, y se ha argumentado que una comprensión mejor y más detallada de los astrocitos [Ca 2 +] i es necesaria para resolver algunas de las incertidumbres actuales 6. En trabajos anteriores, se demostró que la carga a granel de orgánicos de Ca 2+ colorantes indicadores en los astrocitos no puede detectar con fiabilidad [Ca 2 +] i señales dentro de los astrocitos en la totalidad de la cultura e in situ 7-10. Estos resultados han sido discutidos por nosotros y otros 6,11,12. El Emerging imagen es que el [Ca 2 +] i señales dentro de los procesos de astrocitos (por ejemplo, ramas y ramillas), que son los sitios principales para la interacción con las neuronas y los vasos sanguíneos, rara vez han sido exploradas en detalle. Recientemente, el uso de indicadores de calcio codificados genéticamente (Gecis) tales como GCaMP3 citosólica, GCaMP5G y GCaMP6 y membrana plasmática versiones atados (por ejemplo, Lck-GCaMP3) ha permitido el estudio de la [Ca2 +] i en las señales de pequeños compartimentos de astrocitos tales procesos como delgadas, cerca de la membrana plasmática y dentro de territorios enteros 7,8. Sin embargo, tienen una desventaja Gecis sobre orgánicos Ca 2+ colorantes indicadores y que es el requisito de métodos genéticos para entregar los genes que codifican selectivamente a los astrocitos in vivo durante períodos de semanas para el Gecis sea apropiadamente expresado. Expresión in vivo se logra típicamente usando ratones transgénicos, knock-en ratones o con la entrega de aplicaciones a base de viruscucarachas. En el presente artículo JoVE informamos métodos y procedimientos empleados para entregar Gecis a los astrocitos del cuerpo estriado utilizando virus adeno-asociado. Nos centramos en cito-GCaMP3 como un ejemplo, pero el mismo procedimiento básico funciona para cualquier otra GECI o fluorescente reportero base de proteínas.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" >
	<tbody>
		<tr >
			<td >Syringe Pump</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>704506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Glass Capillaries</td>
			<td >World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td >1B100-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Micropipette puller</td>
			<td >Narishige</td>
			<td >PC-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Micropipette grinder</td>
			<td >Narishige</td>
			<td >EG-40</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >pZac2.1 GfaABC1D.cyto-GCaMP3</td>
			<td >Addgene</td>
			<td>44331</td>
			<td >a plasmid sent to UPenn Vector Core for virus packaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >I mL syringe</td>
			<td >BD</td>
			<td>309628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >syringe needle</td>
			<td >BD</td>
			<td>305109</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >AAV2/5 virus</td>
			<td >UPenn vector core</td>
			<td >NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Sudan red IV</td>
			<td >Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td >67386</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Mineral oil</td>
			<td >CVS Pharmacy</td>
			<td>152355</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Cryostat</td>
			<td >Leica</td>
			<td>CM3050 S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Stereotaxic instrument</td>
			<td>David Kopf Instruments</td>
			<td >900LS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >High Speed Rotary Micromotor Kit</td>
			<td >FOREDOM</td>
			<td >K.1070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td >Santa cruz biotechnology</td>
			<td >sc-281692</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Super Glue</td>
			<td>Krazy&#174;Glue</td>
			<td>KG925</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Microslicer</td>
			<td >Ted Pella</td>
			<td >DTK-Zero 1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Confocal microscopes</td>
			<td >Olympus</td>
			<td >FV300 and FV1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Normal goat serum</td>
			<td >Vector</td>
			<td >S-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >chicken anti-GFP</td>
			<td >Abcam</td>
			<td >ab13970</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >mouse anti-s100&#946;</td>
			<td >Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td >S2532</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >mouse anti-NeuN</td>
			<td >Millipore</td>
			<td >MAB377</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >mouse anti-glutamine synthetase</td>
			<td >Millipore</td>
			<td >MAB302</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >goat anti-mouse-Alexa546</td>
			<td >Invitrogen</td>
			<td >A11003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >goat anti-chicken-Alexa488</td>
			<td >Invitrogen</td>
			<td >A11039</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Microscope Slides</td>
			<td >Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td >12-550-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Cover Glass</td>
			<td >Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td >12-548-5J</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Mounting Medium</td>
			<td >Vector</td>
			<td >H-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

imaging intracellular ca2+ signals in striatal astrocytes from adult mice using genetically-encoded calcium indicators

Astrocytes display spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ concentration fluctuations ([Ca2+]i) and in several settings respond to neuronal excitation with enhanced [Ca2+]i signals. It has been proposed that astrocytes in turn regulate neurons and blood vessels through calcium-dependent mechanisms, such as the release of signaling molecules. However, [Ca2+]i imaging in entire astrocytes has only recently become feasible with genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) such as the GCaMP series. The use of GECIs in astrocytes now provides opportunities to study astrocyte [Ca2+]i signals in detail within model microcircuits such as the striatum, which is the largest nucleus of the basal ganglia. In the present report, detailed surgical methods to express GECIs in astrocytes in vivo, and confocal imaging approaches to record [Ca2+]i signals in striatal astrocytes in situ, are described. We highlight precautions, necessary controls and tests to determine if GECI expression is selective for astrocytes and to evaluate signs of overt astrocyte reactivity. We also describe brain slice and imaging conditions in detail that permit reliable [Ca2+]i imaging in striatal astrocytes in situ. The use of these approaches revealed the entire territories of single striatal astrocytes and spontaneous [Ca2+]i signals within their somata, branches and branchlets. The further use and expansion of these approaches in the striatum will allow for the detailed study of astrocyte [Ca2+]i signals in the striatal microcircuitry.

Para la expresión específica de astrocitos de cito-GCaMP3 en el cuerpo estriado, se utilizó virus adeno-asociado (AAV) del serotipo 5, y el promotor de GFAP GfaABC 1 D (Figura 1A), que se ha demostrado previamente para conducir GCaMP3 robusto y gen reportero expresión en astrocitos del hipocampo y corticales 8,14. Dos semanas después de la microinyección virus en el cuerpo estriado de ratón, el ratón (~ 10 semanas de edad) y se perfundió IHC se realizó en secciones de cer...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Imaging Intracellular Ca2+ Signals in Striatal Astrocytes from Adult Mice Using Genetically-encoded Calcium Indicators at JoVE.com

Imaging Intracellular Ca2+ Signals in Striatal Astrocytes from Adult Mice Using Genetically-encoded Calcium Indicators

The properties and functions of astrocyte intracellular Ca2+ signals in the striatum remain incompletely explored. We describe methods to express genetically encoded calcium indicators in striatal astrocytes using adeno-associated viruses of serotype 2/5 (AAV2/5), as well as procedures to reliably image Ca2+ signals within striatal astrocytes in situ.

Imaging intracelular de Ca<sup&gt; 2 +</sup&gt; Las señales en estriatal astrocitos de ratones adultos a través de indicadores de calcio codificados genéticamente-

Astrocytes display spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ concentration fluctuations ([Ca2+]i) and in several settings respond to neuronal excitation with ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Imaging Intracellular Ca2+ Signals in Striatal Astrocytes from Adult Mice Using Genetically-encoded Calcium Indicators

Imaging Neuronal Responses in Slice Preparations of Vomeronasal Organ Expressing a Genetically Encoded Calcium Sensor

Las respuestas de imagen neuronal en los preparativos de la rebanada del órgano vomeronasal Expresando un sensor de calcio genéticamente codificados

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) detects chemosensory signals that carry information about the social, sexual and reproductive status of the individuals within ...

Investigación

Neurociencias

Simultaneous Recording of Calcium Signals from Identified Neurons and Feeding Behavior of Drosophila melanogaster

Simultaneous Recording of Calcium Signals from Identified Neurons and Feeding Behavior of Drosophila melanogaster

La grabación simultánea de señales de calcio en neuronas identificadas y comportamiento de alimentación de Drosophila melanogaster</em

To study neuronal networks in terms of their function in behavior, we must analyze how neurons operate when each behavioral pattern is generated.  Thus, ...

Modeling Astrocytoma Pathogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo Using Cortical Astrocytes or Neural Stem Cells from Conditional, Genetically Engineered Mice

Modeling Astrocytoma Pathogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo Using Cortical Astrocytes or Neural Stem Cells from Conditional, Genetically Engineered Mice

Modelado astrocitoma Patogénesis<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Y<em&gt; En Vivo</em&gt; Uso cortical astrocitos o células troncales nerviosas de ratones condicionales, Genéticamente Manipulados

Current astrocytoma models are limited in their ability to define the roles of oncogenic mutations in specific brain cell types during disease ...

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors

Membrana de imagen potencial con dos tipos de sensores de tensión fluorescentes genéticamente codificados

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) have improved to the point where they are beginning to be useful for in vivo recordings. While the ultimate ...

Optical Control of a Neuronal Protein Using a Genetically Encoded Unnatural Amino Acid in Neurons

Control óptico de una proteína neuronal utilizando un ácido Unnatural Amino genéticamente codificados en las neuronas

Photostimulation is a noninvasive way to control biological events with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. New methods are desired to ...

Dissection of Local Ca2+ Signals in Cultured Cells by Membrane-targeted Ca2+ Indicators

Dissection of Local Ca2+ Signals in Cultured Cells by Membrane-targeted Ca2+ Indicators

Disección de Local Ca2 + señales en las células cultivadas por membrana dirigidos Ca2 + indicadores

Calcium ion (Ca2+) is a universal intracellular messenger molecule that drives multiple signaling pathways, leading to diverse biological outputs. The ...

Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice

Indicadores de sinapsis únicas de liberación y aceptación de glutamato en rebanadas cerebrales agudas de ratones normales y Huntington

Synapses are highly compartmentalized functional units that operate independently on each other. In Huntington&#39;s disease (HD) and other ...

Visualizing and Analyzing Intracellular Transport of Organelles and Other Cargos in Astrocytes

Visualización y análisis del transporte intracelular de organelos y otros Cargos en astrocitos

Astrocytes are among the most abundant cell types in the adult brain, where they play key roles in a multiplicity of functions. As a central player in ...

Minimizing Hypoxia in Hippocampal Slices from Adult and Aging Mice

Minimizar la hipoxia en las rebanadas de hipocampo de ratones adultos y envejecidos

Acute hippocampal slices have enabled generations of neuroscientists to explore synaptic, neuronal, and circuit properties in detail and with high ...

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive

In vivo Imágenes de calcio en la aceituna inferior de ratón

Inferior olive (IO), a nucleus in the ventral medulla, is the only source of climbing fibers that form one of the two input pathways entering the ...