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An Introduction to Neurophysiology

Overview

Neurophysiology is broadly defined as the study of nervous system function. In this field, scientists investigate the central and peripheral nervous systems at the level of whole organs, cellular networks, single cells, or even subcellular compartments. A unifying feature of this wide-ranging discipline is an interest in the mechanisms that lead to the generation and propagation of electrical impulses within and between neurons. This subject is important not only for our understanding of the fascinating processes driving human thought, but also for our ability to diagnose and treat disorders related to nervous system malfunction.

This video will provide an introduction to the field of neurophysiology, beginning with a brief history of neurophysiological research that showcases landmark studies like Galvani’s observations of twitching frog legs and Eccles’s discovery of the chemical synapse. Next, key questions asked by neurophysiologists are introduced, followed by an overview of some prominent experimental tools used to answer those questions. The methods presented range from techniques used to investigate single cells, like patch clamping, to those that can measure activity across large regions of the brain, like electroencephalography (EEG). Finally, applications of neurophysiological research are discussed, including the development of brain-machine interfaces that allow for device control using thought.

Procedure

The field of neurophysiology provides insight into how the nervous system works and how its dysfunction can lead to disease. Physiology is the study of how organisms and their parts function. Neurophysiology can be defined as the study of the functioning of the nervous system, which includes the brain, the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and sensory organs.

Neurophysiologists approach the nervous system at multiple levels of organization that include functional systems, circuits, single neurons, and neuronal compar

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Tags
NeurophysiologyNervous SystemPhysiologyBrainSpinal CordPeripheral NervesSensory OrgansFunctional SystemsCircuitsSingle NeuronsNeuronal CompartmentsHistory Of NeurophysiologyLandmark StudiesEgyptiansLuigi GalvaniAnimal ElectricityEmil Du Bois ReymondNerve ImpulseAction PotentialHans BergerElectroencephalography EEG

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0:00

Overview

1:01

Historical Highlights

3:24

Key Questions

5:02

Prominent Methods

7:38

Applications

8:55

Summary

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