Name: retroviral infection of murine embryonic stem cell derived embryoid body cells for analysis of hematopoietic differentiation
Uploaded: 2014-10-20T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Retroviral Infection of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Embryoid Body Cells for Analysis of Hematopoietic Differentiation at JoVE.com

This work was supported by a Pilot and Feasibility Grants from the Indiana University School of Medicine Center (IUSM) for Excellence in Molecular Hematology (NIDDK, 5P30DK090948). Additional funding was provided by a Biomedical Enhancement Grant from IUSM. We would like to thank Dr. Karen Cowden Dahl for commenting on the manuscript.

1. embrioides Corporal (EB) Formação <ol><li> Gelatina-se adaptar CES que foram mantidos em fibroblastos de embrião de ratinho (MEFs). CES passagem 3 vezes na placa de 6 poços de cultura de tecidos revestidas com gelatina a 0,1% para remover MEFs. <ol><li> Cultivar células em meio de manutenção com LIF ESC para manter as células indiferenciadas (Tabela 1). Faça células certeza nunca superior a 80% de confluência. Use baixa passagem (10 ou menos passagens após a remoção de MEFs) células ...

<ol>
	<li>Williams, R. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myeloid+leukaemia+inhibitory+factor+maintains+the+developmental+potential+of+embryonic+stem+cells.">Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells.</a> Nature. 336, 684-687 (1988).</li><li>Desbaillets, I., Ziegler, U., Groscurth, P., Gassmann, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryoid+bodies:+an+in+vitro+model+of+mouse+embryogenesis.">Embryoid bodies: an in vitro model of mouse embryogenesis.</a> Experimental physiology. 85, 645-651 (2000).</li><li>Hopfl, G., Gassmann, M., Desbaillets, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiating+embryonic+stem+cells+into+embryoid+bodies.">Differentiating embryonic stem cells into embryoid bodies.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 254, 79-98 (2004).</li><li>Tian, X., Kaufman, D. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+embryonic+stem+cells+towards+hematopoietic+cells:+progress+and+pitfalls.">Differentiation of embryonic stem cells towards hematopoietic cells: progress and pitfalls.</a> Curr Opin Hematol. 15, 312-318 (2008).</li><li>Thomas, K. R., Capecchi, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Site-directed+mutagenesis+by+gene+targeting+in+mouse+embryo-derived+stem+cells.">Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.</a> Cell. 51, 503-512 (1987).</li><li>Mansour, S. L., Thomas, K. R., Capecchi, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Disruption+of+the+proto-oncogene+int-2+in+mouse+embryo-derived+stem+cells:+a+general+strategy+for+targeting+mutations+to+non-selectable+genes.">Disruption of the proto-oncogene int-2 in mouse embryo-derived stem cells: a general strategy for targeting mutations to non-selectable genes.</a> Nature. 336, 348-352 (1988).</li><li>Robertson, E., Bradley, A., Kuehn, M., Evans, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Germ-line+transmission+of+genes+introduced+into+cultured+pluripotential+cells+by+retroviral+vector.">Germ-line transmission of genes introduced into cultured pluripotential cells by retroviral vector.</a> Nature. 323, 445-448 (1986).</li><li>Cherry, S. R., Biniszkiewicz, D., van Parijs, L., Baltimore, D., Jaenisch, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retroviral+expression+in+embryonic+stem+cells+and+hematopoietic+stem+cells.">Retroviral expression in embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 20, 7419-7426 (2000).</li><li>Pfeifer, A., Ikawa, M., Dayn, Y., Verma, I. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transgenesis+by+lentiviral+vectors:+lack+of+gene+silencing+in+mammalian+embryonic+stem+cells+and+preimplantation+embryos.">Transgenesis by lentiviral vectors: lack of gene silencing in mammalian embryonic stem cells and preimplantation embryos.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 99, 2140-2145 (2002).</li><li>Smith-Arica, J. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Infection+efficiency+of+human+and+mouse+embryonic+stem+cells+using+adenoviral+and+adeno-associated+viral+vectors.">Infection efficiency of human and mouse embryonic stem cells using adenoviral and adeno-associated viral vectors.</a> Cloning and stem cells. 5, 51-62 (2003).</li><li>Lakshmipathy, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+transfection+of+embryonic+and+adult+stem+cells.">Efficient transfection of embryonic and adult stem cells.</a> Stem Cells. 22, 531-543 (2004).</li><li>Cook, B. D., Liu, S., Evans, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Smad1+signaling+restricts+hematopoietic+potential+after+promoting+hemangioblast+commitment.">Smad1 signaling restricts hematopoietic potential after promoting hemangioblast commitment.</a> Blood. 117, 6489-6497 (2011).</li><li>Zafonte, B. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Smad1+expands+the+hemangioblast+population+within+a+limited+developmental+window.">Smad1 expands the hemangioblast population within a limited developmental window.</a> Blood. 109, 516-523 (2007).</li><li>Kyba, M., Perlingeiro, R. C., Daley, G. Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HoxB4+confers+definitive+lymphoid-myeloid+engraftment+potential+on+embryonic+stem+cell+and+yolk+sac+hematopoietic+progenitors.">HoxB4 confers definitive lymphoid-myeloid engraftment potential on embryonic stem cell and yolk sac hematopoietic progenitors.</a> Cell. 109, 29-37 (2002).</li><li>Galvin, K. E., Travis, E. D., Yee, D., Magnuson, T., Vivian, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nodal+signaling+regulates+the+bone+morphogenic+protein+pluripotency+pathway+in+mouse+embryonic+stem+cells.">Nodal signaling regulates the bone morphogenic protein pluripotency pathway in mouse embryonic stem cells.</a> J Biol Chem. 285, 19747-19756 (2010).</li><li>Ismailoglu, I., Yeamans, G., Daley, G. Q., Perlingeiro, R. C., Kyba, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesodermal+patterning+activity+of+SCL.">Mesodermal patterning activity of SCL.</a> Exp Hematol. 36, 1593-1603 (2008).</li><li>Kyba, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+hematopoietic+differentiation+of+embryonic+stem+cells+conditionally+expressing+Stat5.">Enhanced hematopoietic differentiation of embryonic stem cells conditionally expressing Stat5.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100, 11904-11910 (2003).</li><li>Cao, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MiR-23a+regulates+TGF-beta-induced+epithelial-mesenchymal+transition+by+targeting+E-cadherin+in+lung+cancer+cells.">MiR-23a regulates TGF-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting E-cadherin in lung cancer cells.</a> Int J Oncol. 41, 869-875 (2012).</li><li>Chan, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+basis+for+antagonism+between+PDGF+and+the+TGFbeta+family+of+signalling+pathways+by+control+of+miR-24+expression.">Molecular basis for antagonism between PDGF and the TGFbeta family of signalling pathways by control of miR-24 expression.</a> EMBO J. 29, 559-573 (2010).</li><li>Huang, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Upregulation+of+miR-23a+approximately+27a+approximately+24+decreases+transforming+growth+factor-beta-induced+tumor-suppressive+activities+in+human+hepatocellular+carcinoma+cells.">Upregulation of miR-23a approximately 27a approximately 24 decreases transforming growth factor-beta-induced tumor-suppressive activities in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.</a> Int J Cancer. 123, (2008).</li><li>Min, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TGF-beta-associated+miR-27a+inhibits+dendritic+cell-mediated+differentiation+of+Th1+and+Th17+cells+by+TAB3,+p38+MAPK,+MAP2K4+and+MAP2K7.">TGF-beta-associated miR-27a inhibits dendritic cell-mediated differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells by TAB3, p38 MAPK, MAP2K4 and MAP2K7.</a> Genes Immun. 13, 621-631 (2012).</li><li>Mikkola, H. K., Fujiwara, Y., Schlaeger, T. M., Traver, D., Orkin, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+CD41+marks+the+initiation+of+definitive+hematopoiesis+in+the+mouse+embryo.">Expression of CD41 marks the initiation of definitive hematopoiesis in the mouse embryo.</a> Blood. 101, 508-516 (2003).</li><li>Mitjavila-Garcia, M. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+CD41+on+hematopoietic+progenitors+derived+from+embryonic+hematopoietic+cells.">Expression of CD41 on hematopoietic progenitors derived from embryonic hematopoietic cells.</a> Development. 129, 2003-2013 (2002).</li><li>Warr, M. R., Pietras, E. M., Passegue, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+controlling+hematopoietic+stem+cell+functions+during+normal+hematopoiesis+and+hematological+malignancies.+Wiley+interdisciplinary+reviews.">Mechanisms controlling hematopoietic stem cell functions during normal hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews.</a> Systems biology and medicine. 3, 681-701 (2011).</li><li>Dahl, R., Ramirez-Bergeron, D. L., Rao, S., Simon, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spi-B+can+functionally+replace+PU.1+in+myeloid+but+not+lymphoid+development.">Spi-B can functionally replace PU.1 in myeloid but not lymphoid development.</a> Embo J. 21, 2220-2230 (2002).</li><li>Dahl, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+macrophage+and+neutrophil+cell+fates+by+the+PU.1:C/EBPalpha+ratio+and+granulocyte+colony-stimulating+factor.">Regulation of macrophage and neutrophil cell fates by the PU.1:C/EBPalpha ratio and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.</a> Nat Immunol. 4, 1029-1036 (2003).</li></ol>

Como discutido acima, os clones do CES por indução que expressam um gene de interesse pode ser gerada usando sistemas de doxiciclina, no entanto, a geração destas linhas é demorado e trabalhoso. Descrito no presente protocolo é um método de expressar um gene de interesse em suspensão de células individuais preparados a partir de derivados CES CEs. Estas células infectadas são então reformada em EBs por enforcamento queda para examinar diferenciação subseqüente. No exemplo (Figura 3), é m...

Murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent, remaining undifferentiated and self-renewing in the presence of the cytokine Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)1. Upon withdrawal of LIF they will spontaneously differentiate into 3-dimensional (3D) structures called embryoid bodies (EBs)2. The 3D architecture allows for the development of the three germ layers ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm, which then later give rise to mature tissue types3. ESCs are an exceptional model for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cellular differentiation, particularly the investigation of the development of early hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs)4. 
Gene expression in ESCs can be manipulated by several techniques that allow for the determination of a role for individual molecules in development. One of the most common techniques is to use homologous recombination to generate ESC lines, which lack a gene of interest5,6. There are also a number of techniques that have been used to overexpress genes. The first technique used to modify gene expression in ESCs was to infect them with recombinant retroviruses7,8. The gene of interest however is often silenced as the ESCs differentiate into progenitor and mature cell types. Use of lentiviruses has been successful in limiting the silencing of virally expressed genes9. Other viral vectors used for overexpression include adenovirus and adeno-associated virus10. In addition standard transfection techniques to stably introduce expression plasmids are widely used for ESC transgene expression11. One difficulty with these systems is that often expression of a specific gene has different effects depending on its temporal expression. For example, the Smad1 protein affects the development of hematopoietic cells differently during different stages of EB development12,13. 
This problem can be circumvented by the generation of ESCs that inducibly express a gene of interest. The most common system for inducibly expressing transgenes in ESCs uses the tetracycline resistance operon from E. Coli (Escherichia coli). Several different tetracycline systems have been developed. One of the more popular strategies was developed by Kyba and colleagues14. They generated an ESC line (Ainv15), which has the reverse tetracycline transactivator gene inserted into the constitutively active ROSA26 locus. A tetracycline response element (TRE), a downstream LoxP site (locus of X-over P1 from bacteriophage P1), and a promoterless neomycin cassette were introduced into the HPRT (Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase) locus on the X chromosome. Using a CRE recombination approach a gene of interest along with a eukaryotic promoter to drive the expression of the neomycin resistance gene can be inserted into the LoxP site. Correctly targeted ESCs are isolated by G418 selection. These targeted clones then must be tested for doxycycline (or tetracycline) inducible expression of the transgene. This approach has successfully generated ESC lines that inducibly express HoxB4, Stat5, SCL, and Smad714-17. However, generation of these inducible cell lines is time consuming. Described here is a method to disaggregate ESC-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) into single cell suspensions, retrovirally infect the cell suspensions at different days of development, and then reform the EBs by hanging drop. Downstream differentiation is later evaluated by flow cytometry. In this article an example of how miRNA expression in EB-derived cells effects hematopoietic differentiation is shown. This method is useful for investigating the role of genes after specific germ layer tissue is derived.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="470">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:193px;">Reagent</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">Catalog Number</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Sigma/ Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">D5796</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">b-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Sigma/ Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">M3148</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">FBS (ES Screened)</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">SH30070.03E</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">FBS (Defined)</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">SH30070.03</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:193px;">Non-Essential Amino Acids</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">11140</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">L-Glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">35050</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">Penn/Strep</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">15070</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">Trypsin/EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">25200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">LIF ESGRO</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">ESG1107</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">ACCUMAX</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">SCR006</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">Trypsin/EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">25200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:193px;">Falcon Tissue Culture Plates 6-well</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">08-772-1B</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:193px;">Falcon Non-treated Plates 6-well</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">08-772-49</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">Falcon Petri dish 10cm</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">08-757-100D</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">Falcon Petri dish 15cm</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">08-757-148</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">Falcon Tube 5mls</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">14-959-11A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:193px;">Falcon Tube 5mls with Cell Strainer Cap</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">08-771-23</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">White sterile resevoirs</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">U.S.A. Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">111-0700</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:193px;">Rat anti-mouse CD41 PE-conjugated</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">133906</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:193px;">Rat anti-mouse CD117 APC/CY7-conjugated</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">105826</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">RW4 ESCs</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">ATCC</td>
			<td>CRL-12418</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

retroviral infection of murine embryonic stem cell derived embryoid body cells for analysis of hematopoietic differentiation

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are an outstanding model for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cellular differentiation. They are especially useful for investigating the development of early hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Gene expression in ESCs can be manipulated by several techniques that allow the role for individual molecules in development to be determined. One difficulty is that expression of specific genes often has different phenotypic effects dependent on their temporal expression. This problem can be circumvented by the generation of ESCs that inducibly express a gene of interest using technology such as the doxycycline-inducible transgene system. However, generation of these inducible cell lines is costly and time consuming. Described here is a method for disaggregating ESC-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) into single cell suspensions, retrovirally infecting the cell suspensions, and then reforming the EBs by hanging drop. Downstream differentiation is then evaluated by flow cytometry. Using this protocol, it was demonstrated that exogenous expression of a microRNA gene at the beginning of ESC differentiation blocks HPC generation. However, when expressed in EB derived cells after nascent mesoderm is produced, the microRNA gene enhances hematopoietic differentiation. This method is useful for investigating the role of genes after specific germ layer tissue is derived.

Nestes estudos gelatinizadas RW4 (derivado de 129X1 / SvJ rato tensão) CES foram utilizados. EB foram isolados em 3 dias de diferenciação. Para melhores resultados, os CEs deve ser de forma esférica e não aderentes (Figura 1A, B). Após spinoculation com vírus que co-expressam a GFP marcador fluorescente, juntamente com um gene de interesse, EB foram reformada pelo método de gota suspensa. EB foram reformados com sucesso a partir de suspensões de células preparadas a partir de 2,0, 2,5 e 3,0 di...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Retroviral Infection of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Embryoid Body Cells for Analysis of Hematopoietic Differentiation at JoVE.com

Retroviral Infection of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Embryoid Body Cells for Analysis of Hematopoietic Differentiation

Manipulating temporal gene expression in differentiating embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be achieved using inducible gene systems. However, generation of these cell lines is costly and time consuming. This protocol achieves rapid expression of a transgene in differentiating ES-derived cells and subsequent analysis of downstream hematopoietic differentiation.

Retroviral Infecção murina Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Cells embrioides corpo de Análise da diferenciação hematopoética

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are an outstanding model for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cellular differentiation. They are especially useful for ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs)

Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells HSCs

Isolamento e Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas (HSCs)

Biologia

Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

Derivação de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas murino de Células-Tronco Embrionárias

A stem cell is defined as a cell with the capacity to both self-renew and generate multiple differentiated progeny.  Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are ...

Isolation of Early Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Yolk Sac and AGM

Isolamento de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas início de murino saco vitelino e AGM

In the mouse embryo, early hematopoiesis occurs simultaneously in multiple organs, which includes the yolk sac and aorta-gonad-mesonephros region. These ...

Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells for Treatment of Hindlimb Ischemia

Embrionárias com células-tronco derivadas de células endoteliais para tratamento da isquemia dos membros posteriores

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results from narrowing of the peripheral arteries that supply oxygenated blood and nutrients to the legs and feet, This ...

Video Bioinformatics Analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colony Growth

Vídeo Bioinformática Análise de Crescimento Humano embrionárias Colony Stem Cell

Because video data are complex and are comprised of many images, mining information from video material is difficult to do without the aid of computer ...

Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Oligodendrocyte Precursors

Diferenciação de células-tronco embrionárias em precursores oligodendroglial

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. For regenerative cell therapy in demyelinating diseases, there is significant ...

Analysis of Pluripotent Stem Cells by using Cryosections of Embryoid Bodies

Análise de células-tronco pluripotentes usando criosecções dos corpos embrióides

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst-stage early mammalian embryos 1. A crucial stage in the ...

Lentiviral-mediated Knockdown During Ex Vivo Erythropoiesis of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Lentiviral-mediated Knockdown During Ex Vivo Erythropoiesis of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Lentivirus mediada Durante Knockdown Ex Vivo Eritropoese de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas

Erythropoiesis is a commonly used model system to study cell differentiation. During erythropoiesis, pluripotent adult human hematopoietic stem cells ...

Phenotypic Analysis and Isolation of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-committed Progenitors

Análise fenotípica e Isolamento de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas Murino e Lineage comprometidos Progenitores

The bone marrow is the principal site where HSCs and more mature blood cells lineage progenitors reside and differentiate in an adult organism. HSCs ...

Efficient Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Motor Neurons

Diferenciação eficiente de células-tronco embrionárias em neurônios motores

Direct differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells into functional  motor neurons represents a promising resource to study disease mechanisms, to  screen ...