Name: quantitative immunofluorescence assay to measure the variation in protein levels at centrosomes
Uploaded: 2014-12-20T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes at JoVE.com

This work was supported by a National Institutes of Health grant (GM77311) and a seed grant from The Ohio Cancer Research Associates (to H.A.F.). SM was partially supported by an Up on the Roof fellowship from the Human Cancer Genetics Program of The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Cultura 1. Cella <ol><li> Utilizzare telomerasi umana trascrittasi inversa (hTERT) cellule epiteliali del pigmento retinico immortalati (hTERT-RPE1, di cui qui RPE1). NOTA: le cellule RPE1 sono quasi diploide, non trasformati cellule umane che sono comunemente usati per studiare l&#39;assemblaggio centriolo e ciliogenesis. Queste cellule seguono un normale ciclo di duplicazione centriolo coordinato con un ciclo cellulare regolamentato. </li><li> Passaggio un quasi confluenti 100 millimetri piatto di coltura cel...

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Microscopia quantitativa in biologia cellulare è comunemente associato con live-cell test di imaging come la Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), Recupero della fluorescenza dopo photobleaching (FRAP), ecc, tuttavia, ci sono esempi di crescita di biologi cellulari di sviluppo diversi saggi microscopia quantitativi per fisso cellule negli ultimi anni 27,34-36. È importante sottolineare che, progressi nella comprensione della biologia centrosoma spesso richiede la comprensione della funzion...

Centrosomi costituiti da una coppia di centrioli circondate da materiale pericentriolar (PCM). Essendo i principali centri di organizzazione dei microtubuli (MTOC) in cellule di mammifero, centrosomi servono come i due poli di fusi mitotici nelle cellule in divisione, e quindi aiutano a mantenere l&#39;integrità genomica 1. Nelle cellule quiescenti (ad esempio, durante la fase G0), uno dei due centrioli del centrosoma, cioè centriolo madre, si trasforma in un corpo basale per assemblare il cilium primaria, un organello sensoriale sporge dalla superficie cellulare 2. Una volta che le cellule ri-entrare nel ciclo cellulare, cilia primaria sono smontati e ogni centriolo dirige il montaggio di un procentriole alla sua estremità prossimale che allunga progressivamente a formare una centriolo maturo 3. All&#39;inizio della fase S, una struttura di carro-like che fornisce la simmetria 9 volte al centriolo è formata sulla superficie di ciascun centriole esistente e diventerà la base di ogni procentriole. SAS6 tcappello è indispensabile per il montaggio centriolo viene reclutato per formare il fulcro della Cartwheel 4-6. Altre proteine ​​centriolar vengono poi assemblati sul cartwheel in un altamente regolamentato, prossimale a distale maniera 7. Dopo aver completato proprio centriolo duplicazione, cellule assemblare materiali pericentriolar supplementari per la costruzione di due centrosomi funzionali entro la fine della fase G2 8. Oltre ai componenti centriolar base 9-11, diverse altre proteine ​​tra cui chinasi, fosfatasi, accompagnatori, componenti del ponteggio, proteine ​​associate membrana e macchinari degrado sono associate a centrioli, corpi basali e PCM in momenti diversi del ciclo cellulare 12-16. Si è spesso osservato che i livelli centrosomica di molte proteine ​​sono temporalmente regolati da meccanismi di targeting centrosomica e / o degradazione del proteasoma in centrosomes. È importante sottolineare che le fluttuazioni del livello centrosomica di diverse proteine ​​come Plk4, Mps1, SAS6, e CP110 unt diversi punti del ciclo cellulare sembra essere essenziale per regolare centriole assemblaggio 5,17-22, e nel caso di Mps1 prevenire questa degradazione centrosomica porta alla formazione di centrioli eccesso 19. D&#39;altra parte, le frazioni centrosomica di diverse proteine ​​sono meno labile rispetto alle piscine citosolici. Per esempio siRNA-mediata down-regulation di Centrin 2 (Cetn2) ha comportato solo una riduzione moderata del livello di proteine ​​nelle centrioli nonostante grande riduzione dei suoi livelli di cellule intere 23. E &#39;quindi fondamentale per misurare le variazioni del livello delle proteine ​​centrosomica al centrosoma, piuttosto che misurare i livelli di proteine ​​intere cellule nel valutare le loro funzioni specifiche centrosoma. In questo studio abbiamo sviluppato un saggio con immunofluorescenza indiretta (IIF) per quantificare il livello relativo di una proteina a centrosomi. Questo test è stato sviluppato in particolare per analizzare cellule che sono da diversi campionie quindi non può essere ripreso contemporaneamente. Questi campioni possono essere le cellule che sono stati trattati con diversi reagenti (cioè, farmaco contro controllo), raccolti in diversi momenti (ad esempio, impulsi contro chase), o sono in diverse fasi del ciclo cellulare. Il principio di questo test consiste nel misurare l&#39;intensità di fluorescenza di fondo corretta corrispondente ad una proteina in una piccola regione e per normalizzare tale valore contro lo stesso per un&#39;altra proteina i cui livelli non variano nelle condizioni sperimentali adottate. Diversi studi in biologia centrosome hanno recentemente utilizzato varie tecniche di microscopia quantitative, in entrambe le cellule vive o fissi, per determinare la funzione specifica centrosoma di proteine ​​candidate 24-27. Simile a tali saggi, la tecnica attuale misura anche il fondo corretta intensità di fluorescenza della proteina. Tuttavia, l&#39;inclusione della normalizzazione usando uno standard interno in questo saggio sarebbe probabilmente offrire maggiorela precisione e la fiducia ad analizzare due campioni diversi che si trovano su due lamelle differenti. Inoltre, oltre ad esaminare il livello di proteine ​​a centrosomes, con piccole modifiche questo metodo può essere applicato ad un insieme eterogeneo di condizioni sperimentali o in altri siti cellulari. Qui, uniamo la nostra analisi di microscopia quantitativa con una strategia di pulse-chase BrdU per confrontare le cellule provenienti da diverse fasi del ciclo cellulare. Invece di utilizzare tecniche di arresto del ciclo cellulare normale e rilascio di studiare vari momenti del ciclo cellulare, le cellule in modo asincrono in crescita sono incubate con BrdU per etichettare le cellule in fase S, e le cellule marcate sono inseguiti per diverse volte (in genere 4-6 hr). La maggior parte delle cellule marcate saranno in fase S immediatamente dopo l&#39;impulso. La lunghezza della caccia è scelto in modo che dopo la caccia, cellule marcate saranno in ritardo S, G2 o mitosi, che può essere verificata da caratteristiche morfologiche tale posizione as- di centrosomi rispetto nuclei, distanza tra centrosomi, condensazione di cromosomi ecc Quindi, la lunghezza della caccia dipende dalla durata media di S, G2 e M di fase di un particolare tipo di cellula. Poiché questo approccio evita inibitori del ciclo cellulare come idrossiurea, afidicolina, nocodazole, ecc, permette una analisi più fisiologicamente rilevanti ciclo cellulare. Così, abbiamo dimostrato qui che la microscopia a fluorescenza quantitativa dosaggio soli, o in combinazione con BrdU test pulse-chase, è una tecnica semplice ma potente per misurare con precisione le relative variazioni del livello centrosomica di una proteina candidato durante un ciclo cellulare imperturbato. Abbiamo misurato il livello di centrosomica VDAC3, una proteina che abbiamo recentemente identificato in centrosomi, oltre ai mitocondri 16,28, con questi test. I risultati ottenuti qui verificare la nostra osservazione precedente che il pool di centrosomica VDAC3 è regolato da degrado, e varia anche in un dependen ciclo cellularet modo 16, inoltre, convalida l&#39;applicabilità di questo metodo.

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			<td style="width:195px;">1:1000 in IIF blocking buffer</td>
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			<td style="width:195px;">1:1000 in IIF blocking buffer</td>
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			<td style="width:195px;">1:1000 in IIF blocking buffer</td>
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			<td style="width:99px;">610-731-002</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">1:10000 in WB blocking buffer</td>
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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:179px;">SlowFade Gold Antifade Reagent&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:105px;">Life technologies</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">S36936</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Mounting media</td>
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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:179px;">Round coverslips 12CIR.-1</td>
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			<td style="width:99px;">12-545-80</td>
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			<td style="width:195px;"></td>
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			<td>Filter</td>
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			<td style="width:105px;">Olympus</td>
			<td>U-M663</td>
			<td>Filter</td>
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quantitative immunofluorescence assay to measure the variation in protein levels at centrosomes

Centrosomi sono piccoli ma importanti organelli che servono come i poli di mitotico mandrino per mantenere l&#39;integrità genomica o assemblare cilia primario per agevolare le funzioni sensoriali nelle cellule. Il livello di una proteina può essere regolata in modo diverso a centrosomes rispetto ad altre posizioni .cellular, e la variazione nel livello centrosomica di diverse proteine ​​in punti diversi del ciclo cellulare sembra essere cruciale per la corretta regolazione del complessivo centriolo. Abbiamo sviluppato un microscopio a fluorescenza dosaggio quantitativo che misura variazioni relative del livello di una proteina a centrosomes in cellule fisse di diversi campioni, come in diverse fasi del ciclo cellulare o dopo trattamento con vari reagenti. Il principio di questo test consiste nel misurare l&#39;intensità di fluorescenza di fondo corretta corrispondente ad una proteina in una piccola regione, e normalizzare che misura contro lo stesso per un&#39;altra proteina che non varia con il c sperimentale presceltoondition. Utilizzando questo test, in combinazione con l&#39;impulso BrdU e la strategia caccia di studiare cicli cellulari imperturbati, abbiamo quantitativamente convalidato la nostra recente osservazione che il pool di centrosomica VDAC3 è regolata a centrosomi durante il ciclo cellulare, probabilmente dalla degradazione proteasoma-mediata specificamente a centrosomi.

I nostri studi recenti identificati romanzo localizzazione centrosomica e la funzione di VDAC3, uno dei porine mitocondriali 16,28. Immunostaining di diverse cellule di mammiferi, tra cui le cellule RPE1 utilizzando un anticorpo VDAC3 specifico ha mostrato prominente colorazione centrosomica e relativamente debole colorazione mitocondriale. Abbiamo anche dimostrato che VDAC3 centrosomica è preferenzialmente associata al centriolo madre, e la piscina centrosomica sia endogeno e ectopicamente espresso VDAC3 è...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes at JoVE.com

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Here, a novel quantitative fluorescence assay is developed to measure changes in the level of a protein specifically at centrosomes by normalizing that protein&#8217;s fluorescence intensity to that of an appropriate internal standard.

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay misurare la variazione dei livelli di proteine ​​ad centrosomi

Centrosomes are small but important organelles that serve as the poles of mitotic spindle to maintain genomic integrity or assemble primary cilia to ...

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