Name: vascular balloon injury and intraluminal administration in rat carotid artery
Uploaded: 2014-12-23T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Vascular Balloon Injury and Intraluminal Administration in Rat Carotid Artery at JoVE.com

We are grateful to Dr. Clowes for first developing and describing this method. We are also thankful to Dr. Tulis for his detailed protocol which has been fundamentally helpful to our previous, current and future work. This work was supported by grants R01HL097111 and R01HL123364 from the NIH to M.T., and by American Heart Association grant 14GRNT18880008 to M.T.
We would like to thank Rachel Newton for her expert technical support and for her valuable help during the filming process.

ملاحظة: استخدام الحيوانات في التجارب التالية تم مراجعتها والموافقة عليها من قبل اللجنة المؤسسية رعاية الحيوان واستخدام (IACUC). 1. إجراءات قبل الجراحة <ol style="margin-left: 40px;;text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تعقيم الأدوات الجراحية قبل الاس?...

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وقد تم إصابة الفئران بالون السباتي وصف جيدا من قبل Tulis في عام 2007 34، وقد سبق بيان شامل وكل تفاصيل هذا الإجراء من قبل الدكتور Tulis. ويوصى بشدة القراء الذين يرغبون في تنفيذ هذا الإجراء لقراءة بروتوكول Tulis &quot;. ومع ذلك، هناك شيء واحد ونحن لا توافق مع الدكتور Tulis: بدلا من تضخيم البال...

القسطرة البالونية الأجهزة الطبية التي تستخدم في إجراء قسطرة، لغرض توسيع الموقع إعاقة (ق) العصيدة الشريانية أو خثرة في الأوعية الدموية. يتم فرض التجويف السفينة ضاقت لفتح من قبل بالون منتفخ، وسوف يتم استعادة تدفق الدم بشكل تسلسلي للتخفيف من أعراض نقص التروية المصب، مثل الذبحة الصدرية واحتشاء عضلة القلب، وألم في الساق. ومع ذلك، تضاءلت النجاح الكبير الذي حققته الاوعية الدموية التي كتبها مضاعفات ما بعد الجراحة مثل نتائج من القوة مما تسبب الضغطي الأوعية الدموية (إصابة البالون)، وهي جدار الوعاء الدموي إعادة وفي كثير من الحالات إعادة تضييق للسفينة التجويف (عودة التضيق) 1. وقد تم تطوير عدد من النماذج الحيوانية محاكاة إجراء قسطرة لمساعدة المحققين فهم الآليات الكامنة وراء المتعلقة منطاد إصابة الأوعية الدموية جدار إعادة عرض 2. ومن بين جميع أنواع الحيوانات المستخدمة لنمذجة، الفئران هو الأكثر استخداما. Compared إلى الأرانب والكلاب والخنازير، ومزايا الفئران هي تكلفتها المنخفضة، وسهولة النسبية استخدامها والمعرفة الحالية لعلم وظائف الأعضاء الفئران. على الرغم من أن الفئران لديها ميزة إضافية في مجموعة واسعة من سلالات التلاعب بها وراثيا، السفينة الفئران صغيرة جدا لادخال قسطرة البالون. على مدى العقود الثلاثة الماضية، وقد سمحت فئران التجارب الباحثين لاكتساب فهم أفضل للآليات الجزيئية والخلوية التي تدعم تشكيل neointima والأوعية الدموية إعادة عرض 3-6. ما وراء إصابة البالون، وتشارك إعادة الأوعية الدموية أيضا في معظم الأمراض الأوعية الدموية الرئيسية، مثل تصلب الشرايين 7،8 وارتفاع ضغط الدم 9، وتمدد الأوعية الدموية 10. وهكذا، المعرفة المكتسبة من خلال نموذج إصابة البالون هو بشكل عام مفيد للدراسات مرض جدار الأوعية الدموية بشكل عام. ويتمثل الهدف العام من طراز إصابة البالون الفئران ليست فقط لمزيد من فهم أمراض الأوعية الدموية ولكن أيضا لاختبار فعالية من وكلاء رواية لمكافحة الأمراض 11،12. يتم تطبيق الحالية العلاج من تعاطي المخدرات السريرية لعودة التضيق بواسطة الدعامات المخدرات يبلغ حجمه وضعت عن طريق التجويف السفينة مباشرة بعد الاوعية الدموية. في النماذج الحيوانية، فعال بعد أكثر اقتصادا الطريق لاختبار عامل جديد هو أسلوب نضح داخل اللمعة المحلي متطورة. وكلاء المرشح التي تم اختبارها من خلال هذه الطريقة تشمل المخدرات جزيء صغير 13،14، خلوى أو عوامل نمو 15،16، الجين التلاعب وكلاء (استنساخ [كدنا]، سيرنا، الخ) 17-20، والمستحضرات الصيدلانية رواية 21،22. وحتى الآن، لا يزال الفئران البالون نموذج إصابة واحدة من أكثر النماذج مفيدة لدراسة أمراض الأوعية الدموية / اضطرابات. وهذه هي الخطوة الأساسية من مقاعد البدلاء إلى السرير، وعادة ما الخطوة الأولى تتحرك من في المختبر لفي الجسم الحي، ولكن لا ينبغي أن يكون آخر واحد. نتائج التجارب الفئران تحتاج إلى تداول وزيادة تتميز قبل الترجمة إلى الإنسانالاستخدام السريري، نظرا إلى اختلاف في سرير الأوعية الدموية والأوعية التشريح وكذلك الاختلافات بين الأنواع الجوهرية بين الإنسان والفئران 23-26. ومع ذلك، فإنه لا يزال أداة أساسية في البحوث الطبية متعدية. في حين تستخدم هذه البحوث أن تكون محدودة بسبب عدم وجود الفئران المعدلة وراثيا، أنها لم تعد تكن قضية منذ النهج الجينومية جديدة مثل الزنك والإصبع nucleases 27، TALENs 28 و كريسبر-CAS 29 جعلت الفئران خروج المغلوب يمكن الوصول إليها بسهولة.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fogarty balloon embolectomy catheters, 2 French&#160;</td>
			<td>Edwards Lifesciences, Germany</td>
			<td>&#160;120602F</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Deltaphase Operating Board - Includes 2 Pads &#38; 2 Insulators</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td>39OP</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;LED light source</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-563-501&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hartmann Mosquito Forceps 4&#8221; curved</td>
			<td>Apiary Medical, Inc. San Diego, CA</td>
			<td>gS 22.1670</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Crile Retractor 4&#8221; double ended</td>
			<td>Apiary Medical, Inc.</td>
			<td>gS 34.1934</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Other surgical instruments</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Company, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Peripheral Intravenous (I.V.) Cannula, 24G</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>381312</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ketamine HCl, 100mg/mL, 10mL</td>
			<td>Ketaset- Patterson Vet</td>
			<td>07-803-6637&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Xylazine (AnaSed),20mg/mL,20mL</td>
			<td>Ketaset- Patterson Vet</td>
			<td>07-808-1947</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Buprenex, 0.3mg/1ml (5 Ampules/Box)</td>
			<td>Ketaset- Patterson Vet</td>
			<td>07-850-2280</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nair Baby Oil Hair Removal Lotion-9 oz</td>
			<td>Amazon/Walmart/CVS</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Inflation Device</td>
			<td>Demax Medical</td>
			<td>DID30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">D300 3-way Stopcock</td>
			<td>B.Braun Medical Inc.</td>
			<td>4599543</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Artificial Tears Ointment&#160;</td>
			<td>Rugby Laboratories, Duluth, GA</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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vascular balloon injury and intraluminal administration in rat carotid artery

تم تأسيس البالون نموذج إصابة الشريان السباتي في الفئران جيدا لأكثر من عقدين من الزمن. ويبقى وسيلة هامة لدراسة الآليات الجزيئية والخلوية العاملة في الأوعية الدموية فقد التمايز العضلات الملساء، وتشكيل neointima وإعادة الأوعية الدموية. الذكور سبراغ داولي الفئران هي في معظم الأحيان يعملون الحيوانات لهذا النموذج. لا يفضل إناث الفئران كما الهرمونات الأنثوية هي وقائية ضد أمراض الأوعية الدموية، وبالتالي إدخال الاختلاف في هذا الإجراء. أصيب الشريان السباتي الأيسر عادة مع السباتي الأيمن تخدم كوسيلة لمراقبة سلبية. سبب ترك إصابة الشريان السباتي من قبل بالون منتفخ أن يجرد البطانة وانتفخ الصورة جدار الوعاء الدموي. بعد الإصابة، والاستراتيجيات العلاجية المحتملة مثل استخدام مركبات الدوائية وإما الجينات أو نقل shRNA يمكن تقييمها. عادة لجينة أو نقل shRNA، وtransduced قسم الجرحى من التجويف سفينة محليا لمدة 30 دقيقة مع الخامسالجسيمات iral ترميز إما بروتين أو shRNA للتسليم والتعبير في جدار الوعاء الدموي المصاب. Neointimal سماكة يمثلون خلايا العضلات الملساء الوعائية التكاثري القمم عادة في 2 أسابيع بعد الإصابة. ويتم حصاد السفن في الغالب على هذه النقطة الوقت لتحليل الخلوي والجزيئي للمسارات الإشارات المحمولة، فضلا عن الجينات والبروتينات التعبير. ويمكن أيضا أن تحصد السفن في نقطة زمنية سابقة لتحديد بداية التعبير و / أو تفعيل بروتين أو مسار محدد، اعتمادا على أهداف تجريبية المقصود. ويمكن وصف السفن وتقييمها باستخدام تلطيخ النسيجي، المناعية، المقايسات البروتين / مرنا، والمقايسات النشاط. الشريان السباتي الأيمن سليمة الشريان من نفس الحيوان هو الرقابة الداخلية مثالية. التغييرات الناجمة عن الإصابة في المعلمات الجزيئية والخلوية يمكن تقييمها من خلال مقارنة الشريان المصاب إلى الشريان السيطرة الصحيح الداخلي. وبالمثل، وطرائق علاجية يمكن تقييمها من خلال مقارنة اصابهد وتعامل الشريان إلى الشريان الوحيد السيطرة بجروح.

بعد أسبوعين من الإصابة، ويتم حصاد الشرايين السباتية، مقطوع وتعرض لتحليل الصرفي. الشرايين هي عبر مقطوع والملون مع H &amp; E (أرقام 1، 2B، C و 3). يحتوي على الفئران جدار الشريان السباتي أربع طبقات من الصفيحة المرنة، والتي تظهر على شكل خطوط وردية اللون. المنطقة الواقع?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Vascular Balloon Injury and Intraluminal Administration in Rat Carotid Artery at JoVE.com

Vascular Balloon Injury and Intraluminal Administration in Rat Carotid Artery

يستخدم هذا البروتوكول قسطرة البالون ليسبب إصابة داخل اللمعة على الشريان السباتي الفئران والآن فصاعدا حصول تضخم neointimal. هذا هو نموذج راسخة لدراسة آليات إعادة الأوعية الدموية في استجابة لإصابات. كما انها تستخدم على نطاق واسع لتحديد صحة النهج العلاجية المحتملة.

إصابة الأوعية الدموية بالون والإدارة داخل اللمعة في الجرذ الشريان السباتي

The carotid artery balloon injury model in rats has been well established for over two decades. It remains an important method to study the molecular and ...

vascular-balloon-injury-intraluminal-administration-rat-carotid

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Training a Sophisticated Microsurgical Technique: Interposition of External Jugular Vein Graft in the Common Carotid Artery in Rats

Neointimal hyperplasia is one the primary causes of stenosis in arterialized veins that are of great importance in arterial coronary bypass surgery, in peripheral arterial bypass surgery as well as in arteriovenous fistulas.1-5 The experimental procedure of vein graft interposition in the common carotid artery by using the cuff-technique has been applied in several research projects to examine the aetiology of neointimal hyperplasia and therapeutic options to address it. 6-8 The cuff prevents vessel anastomotic remodeling and induces turbulence within the graft and thereby the development of neointimal hyperplasia.
Using the superior caval vein graft is an established small-animal model for venous arterialization experiment.9-11 This current protocol refers to an established jugular vein graft interposition technique first described by Zou et al., 9 as well as others.12-14 Nevertheless, these cited small animal protocols are complicated.
To simplify the procedure and to minimize the number of experimental animals needed, a detailed operation protocol by video training is presented. This video should help the novice surgeon to learn both the cuff-technique and the vein graft interposition. Hereby, the right external jugular vein was grafted in cuff-technique in the common carotid artery of 21 female Sprague Dawley rats categorized in three equal groups that were sacrificed on day 21, 42 and 84, respectively. Notably, no donor animals were needed, because auto-transplantations were performed. The survival rate was 100 % at the time point of sacrifice. In addition, the graft patency rate was 60 % for the first 10 operated animals and 82 % for the remaining 11 animals. The blood flow at the time of sacrifice was 8&plusmn;3 ml/min. In conclusion, this surgical protocol considerably simplifies, optimizes and standardizes this complicated procedure. It gives novice surgeons easy, step-by-step instruction, explaining possible pitfalls, thereby helping them to gain expertise fast and avoid useless sacrifice of experimental animals.

Neointimal hyperplasia is the primary cause of stenosis in arterialized veins. We propose a new protocol whereby the right external jugular vein is grafted using the cuff technique in the common carotid artery of Sprague Dawley rats. The survival rate was 100 % at the time point of sacrifice.

تدريب تقنية متطورة المجهرية: مداخلة من حبل الوريد الخارجية الكسب غير المشروع في الشريان السباتي المشترك في الجرذان

Neointimal hyperplasia is one the primary causes of stenosis in arterialized veins that are of great importance in arterial coronary bypass surgery, in ...

Optimized System for Cerebral Perfusion Monitoring in the Rat Stroke Model of Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

The translational potential of pre-clinical stroke research depends on the accuracy of experimental modeling. Cerebral perfusion monitoring in animal models of acute ischemic stroke allows to confirm successful arterial occlusion and exclude subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral perfusion monitoring can also be used to study intracranial collateral circulation, which is emerging as a powerful determinant of stroke outcome and a possible therapeutic target. Despite a recognized role of Laser Doppler perfusion monitoring as part of the current guidelines for experimental cerebral ischemia, a number of technical difficulties exist that limit its widespread use. One of the major issues is obtaining a secure and prolonged attachment of a deep-penetration Laser Doppler probe to the animal skull. In this video, we show our optimized system for cerebral perfusion monitoring during transient middle cerebral artery occlusion by intraluminal filament in the rat. We developed in-house a simple method to obtain a custom made holder for twin-fibre (deep-penetration) Laser Doppler probes, which allow multi-site monitoring if needed. A continuous and prolonged monitoring of cerebral perfusion could easily be obtained over the intact skull.

Cerebral perfusion monitoring has been demonstrated to improve accuracy in ischemic stroke models. Technical difficulties often limit the use of this essential tool for cerebrovascular research. In this video, an optimized system is shown to obtain a single or multi-site hemodynamic monitoring during intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

الأمثل نظام لرصد الإرواء الدماغي في نموذج الفئران من السكتة الدماغية داخل اللمعة انسداد الشريان الدماغي الأوسط

The translational potential of pre-clinical stroke research depends on the accuracy of experimental modeling. Cerebral perfusion monitoring in animal ...

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study model. As the use of mouse models are often a vital step in preclinical drug discovery and drug development1-8, it is necessary to design a system to introduce drugs into mice in a uniform, reproducible manner. Ideally, the system should permit the collection of blood samples at regular intervals over a set time course. The ability to measure drug concentrations by mass-spectrometry, has allowed investigators to follow the changes in plasma drug levels over time in individual mice1, 9, 10. In this study, paclitaxel was introduced into transgenic mice as a continuous arterial infusion over three hours, while blood samples were simultaneously taken by retro-orbital bleeds at set time points. Carotid artery infusions are a potential alternative to jugular vein infusions, when factors such as mammary tumors or other obstructions make jugular infusions impractical. Using this technique, paclitaxel concentrations in plasma and tissue achieved similar levels as compared to jugular infusion. In this tutorial, we will demonstrate how to successfully catheterize the carotid artery by preparing an optimized catheter for the individual mouse model, then show how to insert and secure the catheter into the mouse carotid artery, thread the end of the catheter out through the back of the mouse&#8217;s neck, and hook the mouse to a pump to deliver a controlled rate of drug influx. Multiple low volume retro-orbital bleeds allow for analysis of plasma drug concentrations over time.

This method was developed with the goal of delivering a steady drug solution via the carotid artery, to assess the pharmacokinetics of novel drugs in mouse models.

الحقن الشريان السباتي لوأضافا الدوائية وتحليل Taxanes في الفئران

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Thrombosis Mouse Model on Carotid Artery and Mesentery Vessel

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric chloride injury is now a well-established technique to rapidly and accurately induce the formation of thrombi in exposed veins or artery of small and large diameter. This model has played a key role in the study of the pathophysiology of thrombosis, in the discovery and validation of novel antithrombotic drugs and in the understanding of the mechanism of action of these new agents. Here, the implementation of this technique on a mesenteric vessel and carotid artery in mice is presented. The method describes how to label circulating leukocytes and platelets with a fluorescent dye and to observe, by intravital microscopy on the exposed mesentery, their accumulation at the injured vessel wall which leads to the formation of a thrombus. On the carotid artery, the occlusion caused by the clot formation is measured by monitoring the blood flow with a Doppler probe.

The FeCl3 induced thrombosis model in mice is described herein. A method to monitor thrombus growth by intravital microscopy observation on a mesenteric vessel and by blood flow measurement in the carotid artery is presented.

الحديديك تخثر نموذج الفأر على الشريان السباتي ومساريق السفينة التي يسببها كلوريد

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric ...

A Rat Carotid Balloon Injury Model to Test Anti-vascular Remodeling Therapeutics

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is also a valuable model system to test, and to evaluate therapeutics and drugs that negate maladaptive remodeling in the vessel. The injury, or barotrauma, in the vessel lumen caused by an inflated balloon via an inserted catheter induces subsequent neointimal growth, often leading to hyperplasia or thickening of the vessel wall that narrows, or obstructs the lumen. The method described here is sufficiently sensitive, and the results can be obtained in relatively short time (2 weeks after the surgery). The efficacy of the drug or therapeutic against the induced-remodeling can be evaluated either by the post-mortem pathological and histomorphological analysis, or by ultrasound sonography in live animals. In addition, this model system has also been used to determine the therapeutic window or the time course of the administered drug. These studies can leadto the development of a better administrative strategy and a better therapeutic outcome. The procedure described here provides a tool for translational studies that bring drug and therapeutic candidates from bench research to clinical applications.

The rat carotid balloon injury model described below allows researchers to evaluate drugs or therapeutics that negate injury-induced arterial hyperplasia. Detailed pre-surgical preparation, surgical procedure, and post-surgical cares of the animal are described.

بالون إصابة الفئران السباتي نموذج لاختبار التداوي إعادة عرض لمكافحة الأوعية الدموية

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is ...

Intraluminal Drug Delivery to the Mouse Arteriovenous Fistula Endothelium

Delivery of therapeutic agents to enhance arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation can be administered either via intraluminal or external routes. The simple murine AVF model was combined with intraluminal administration of drug solution to the venous endothelium at the same time as fistula creation. Technical aspects of this model are discussed. Under general anesthesia, an abdominal incision is made and the aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) are exposed. The infra-renal aorta and IVC are dissected for clamping. After proximal and distal clamping, the puncture site is exposed and a 25 G needle is used to puncture both walls of the aorta and into the IVC. Immediately after the puncture, a reporter gene-expressing viral vector was infused in the IVC via the same needle, followed by 15 min of incubation. The intraluminal administration method enabled more robust viral gene delivery to the venous endothelium compared to administration by the external route. This novel method of delivery will facilitate studies that explore the role of the endothelium in AVF maturation and enable intraluminal drug delivery at the time of surgical operation.

After puncturing the aorta through the inferior vena cava (IVC) to create an aorto-caval fistula in the mouse, solution containing a drug is infused into the IVC via the same needle, followed by incubation. This method enables more robust drug delivery to the venous endothelium compared to the external route.

داخل اللمعة توصيل الدواء للماوس شرياني الناسور البطانة Endothelium

Delivery of therapeutic agents to enhance arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation can be administered either via intraluminal or external routes. The ...

The Rabbit Model of Accelerated Atherosclerosis: A Methodological Perspective of the Iliac Artery Balloon Injury

Acute coronary syndrome resulting from coronary occlusion following atherosclerotic plaque development and rupture is the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits are widely used as an animal model for the study of atherosclerosis. They develop spontaneous lesions when fed with atherogenic diet; however, this requires long time of 4 - 8 months. To further enhance and accelerate atherogenesis, a combination of atherogenic diet and mechanical endothelial injury is often employed. The presented procedure for inducing atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits uses a balloon catheter to disrupt the endothelium in the left iliac artery of NZW rabbits fed with atherogenic diet. Such mechanical damage caused by the balloon catheter induces a chain of inflammatory reactions initiating neointimal lipid accumulation in a time dependent fashion. Atherosclerotic plaque following balloon injury show neointimal thickening with extensive lipid infiltration, high smooth muscle cell content and presence of macrophage derived foam cells. This technique is simple, reproducible and produces plaque of controlled length within the iliac artery. The whole procedure is completed within 20 - 30 min. The procedure is safe with low mortality and also offers high success in obtaining substantial intimal lesions. The procedure of balloon catheter induced arterial injury results in atherosclerosis within two weeks. This model can be used for investigating the disease pathology, diagnostic imaging and to evaluate new therapeutic strategies.

Animal models of atherosclerosis are essential to understand the mechanism and to investigate newer approaches to prevent plaque development or rupture, a leading cause of death in the industrialized world. This protocol uses a combination of balloon injury and cholesterol rich diet to induce atherosclerotic plaques in rabbit iliac artery.

نموذج أرنب من تسارع تصلب الشرايين: منظور منهجية من إصابة شريان حرقفي بالون

Acute coronary syndrome resulting from coronary occlusion following atherosclerotic plaque development and rupture is the leading cause of death in the ...

Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous studies have shown that abnormal blood flow may be associated with systemic vascular risk. Thus, PC-MRI can facilitate the translation of data obtained from animal models of cardiovascular diseases to pertinent clinical investigations. In this report, we describe the procedure for measuring blood flow in the common carotid artery (CCA) of rats using cine-gated PC-MRI and discuss relevant analysis methods. This procedure can be performed in a live, anesthetized animal and does not require euthanasia after the procedure. The proposed scanning parameters yield repeatable measurements for blood flow, indicating excellent reproducibility of the results. The PC-MRI procedure described in this article can be used for pharmacological testing, pathophysiological assessment, and cerebral hemodynamics evaluation.

The overall goal of this procedure is to measure the blood flow in the rat common carotid artery by using noninvasive phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging.

مرحلة التباين صور الرنين المغناطيسي في الشريان السباتي المشترك الفئران

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Canine Carotid Artery Thrombosis: A Large Animal Model of Vascular Injury

Occlusive arterial thrombosis leading to cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction contributes to ~13 million deaths every year globally. Here, we have translated a vascular injury model from a small animal into a large animal (canine), with slight modifications that can be used for pre-clinical screening of prophylactic and thrombolytic agents. In addition to the surgical methods, the modified protocol describes the step-by-step methods to assess carotid artery canalization by angiography, detailed instructions to process both the brain and carotid artery for histological analysis to verify carotid canalization and cerebral hemorrhage, and specific parameters to complete an assessment of downstream thromboembolic events by utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, specific procedural changes from the previously well-established small animal model necessary to translate into a large animal (canine) vascular injury are discussed.

Here, we present the modifications necessary to a well characterized and commonly used small animal ferric chloride-induced (FeCl3) carotid artery injury model for use in a large animal vascular injury model. The resulting model can be utilized for pre-clinical trial assessment of both prophylactic and thrombolytic pharmacological and mechanical interventions.

تجلط الشريان السباتي الكلاب المستحثة بكلوريد الحديد: نموذج حيوان كبيرة لإصابة الأوعية الدموية

Occlusive arterial thrombosis leading to cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction contributes to ~13 million deaths every year globally. Here, ...

Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Allowing Reperfusion via Common Carotid Artery Repair in Mice

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as an approved drug treatment to target ischemic strokes. Current research in the field of ischemic stroke focuses on better understanding the pathophysiology of stroke, to develop and investigate novel pharmaceutical targets. Reliable experimental stroke models are crucial for the progression of potential treatments. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is clinically relevant and the most frequently used surgical model of ischemic stroke in rodents. However, the outcomes of this model, such as lesion volume, are associated with high levels of variability, particularly in mice. The alternative MCAO model described here allows the reperfusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the increased perfusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, using a tissue pad with fibrinogen-based sealant to repair the vessel, and the improved welfare of the mice by avoiding external carotid artery (ECA) ligation. This reduces the reliance on the Circle of Willis, which is known to be highly anatomically variable in mice. Representative data show that using this alternative surgical approach decreases the variability in lesion volumes between the traditional MCAO approach and the alternative approach described here.

Intraluminal filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery is the most frequently used in vivo model of experimental stroke in rodents. An alternative surgical approach to allow common carotid artery repair is performed here, which allows the reperfusion of the common carotid artery and a full reperfusion to the middle cerebral artery territory.

انسداد الشريان الدماغي الأوسط السماح ضخه عبر إصلاح الشريان السباتي المشترك في الفئران

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue ...