Name: ex vivo treatment response of primary tumors and/or associated metastases for preclinical and clinical development of therapeutics
Uploaded: 2014-10-02T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ex Vivo Treatment Response of Primary Tumors and/or Associated Metastases for Preclinical and Clinical Development of Therapeutics at JoVE.com

The authors would like to thank the MSKCC Tissue Procurement Service Team (TPS), specifically, Maria Corazon Mariano, Priscilla McNeil, Anas Idelbi, Daniel Navarrete and Katrina Allen, in all of their efforts in the successful pursuit of this project and funding from the following sources: 5 R21 CA158609-02 and the Conquer Cancer Foundation and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. In addition, the authors would like to thank Eric Cottington PhD, Vice President of the Office of Research and Project Administration, the Office of Technology Development, Research Outreach and Compliance and RTM Information Systems Support, in the support of the submission of this manuscript.

HINWEIS: Patientengewebebeschaffung wurde durch institutionell Review Board (IRB) zugelassenen -zugelassene Biospecimen und Klinische Protokolle (Protokoll-Nummern 09-121 und 11-041, beziehungsweise) am Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. 1. Gewebebeschaffung <ol><li> Beschaffung von Patienten Primärtumor / Metastasen HINWEIS: Bis heute hat dieses Protokoll auf chirurgisch entfernt Pankreas, Magen-und Brusttumorarten, sowie, Lymphom Metastasen durchgeführt. <ol><li> Richten Si...

<ol>
	<li>Abercrombie, M., Ambrose, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interference+Microscope+Studies+of+Cell+Contacts+in+Tissue+Culture.">Interference Microscope Studies of Cell Contacts in Tissue Culture.</a> Experimental Cell Research. 15 (58), 332-345 (1958).</li><li>Coriell, L. L., McAllister, R. M., Wagner, B. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Criteria+for+Determining+Malignancy+in+Tissue-Culture+Cell+Lines+in+the+Albino+Rat.">Criteria for Determining Malignancy in Tissue-Culture Cell Lines in the Albino Rat.</a> New York Academy of Science. 5, 351-355 (1957).</li><li>Paul, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Cancer+Cell+in+Vitro:+A+Review.">The Cancer Cell in Vitro: A Review.</a> Cancer Research. 22, 431-440 (1962).</li><li>Dean, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapeutic+response+to+CDK4/6+inhibition+in+breast+cancer+defined+by+ex+vivo+analysis+of+human+tumors.">Therapeutic response to CDK4/6 inhibition in breast cancer defined by ex vivo analysis of human tumors.</a> Cell Cycle. 11 (14), 2756-2761 (2012).</li><li>Bray, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bcl-2+Modulation+to+Activate+Apoptosis+in+Prostate+Cancer.">Bcl-2 Modulation to Activate Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer.</a> Molecular Cancer Research. 7 (9), 1487-1496 (2009).</li><li>Quail, D. F., Joyce, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microenvironmental+regulation+of+tumor+progression+and+metastasis.">Microenvironmental regulation of tumor progression and metastasis.</a> Nature Medicine. 19 (11), 1423-1437 (2013).</li><li>Nakasone, E. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+Tumor-Stroma+Interactions+during+Chemotherapy+Reveals+Contributions+of+the+Microenvironment+to+Resistance.">Imaging Tumor-Stroma Interactions during Chemotherapy Reveals Contributions of the Microenvironment to Resistance.</a> Cancer Cell. 21, 488-503 (1016).</li><li>Shi, Y., Hogue, J., Dixit, D., Koh, J., Olson, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+and+genetic+studies+of+isolated+cells+from+parathyroid+tumors+reveal+the+complex+pathogenesis+of+parathyroid+neoplasia.">Functional and genetic studies of isolated cells from parathyroid tumors reveal the complex pathogenesis of parathyroid neoplasia.</a> PNAS. 111 (8), 3092-3097 (2014).</li><li>Vidal, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+cancer+stem+cells+from+human+prostate+cancer+samples.">Isolation of cancer stem cells from human prostate cancer samples.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (85), e51332 (2014).</li><li>Wanping, X., Neckers, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+the+Molecular+Chaperone+Heat+Shock+Protein+90+Provides+a+Multifaceted+Effect+on+Diverse+Cell+Signaling+of+Cancer+Cells.">Targeting the Molecular Chaperone Heat Shock Protein 90 Provides a Multifaceted Effect on Diverse Cell Signaling of Cancer Cells.</a> Clinical Cancer Research. 13, 1625-1629 (2007).</li><li>Moulick, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Affinity-based+proteomics+reveal+cancer-specific+networks+coordinated+by+Hsp90.">Affinity-based proteomics reveal cancer-specific networks coordinated by Hsp90.</a> Nature Chemical Biology. 7 (11), 818-826 (1038).</li><li>Alpaugh, M. L., Tomlinson, J. S., Ye, Y., Barsky, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relationship+of+sialyl-Lewis(x/a)+underexpression+and+E-cadherin+overexpression+in+the+lymphovascular+embolus+of+inflammatory+breast+cancer.">Relationship of sialyl-Lewis(x/a) underexpression and E-cadherin overexpression in the lymphovascular embolus of inflammatory breast cancer.</a> American Journal of Pathology. 161 (2), 619-628 (2002).</li><li>Chu, K., Boley, K. M., Moraes, R., Barsky, S. H., Robertson, F. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+paradox+of+E-cadherin:+role+in+response+to+hypoxia+in+the+tumor+microenvironment+and+regulation+of+energy+metabolism.">The paradox of E-cadherin: role in response to hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and regulation of energy metabolism.</a> Oncotarget. 4 (3), 446-462 (2013).</li><li>Vaira, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preclinical+model+of+organotypic+culture+for+pharmacodynamic+profiling+of+human+tumors.">Preclinical model of organotypic culture for pharmacodynamic profiling of human tumors.</a> PNAS. 107 (18), 8352-8356 (2010).</li><li>Centenera, M. M., Raj, G. V., Knudsen, K. E., Tilley, W. D., Butler, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+vivo+culture+of+human+prostate+tissue+and+drug+development.">Ex vivo culture of human prostate tissue and drug development.</a> Nature Reviews Urology. 10, 483-487 (2013).</li><li>Jhaveri, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heat+shock+protein+90+inhibitors+in+the+treatment+of+cancer:+current+status+and+future+directions.">Heat shock protein 90 inhibitors in the treatment of cancer: current status and future directions.</a> Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 5, 611-628 (2014).</li><li>Gerecitano, J. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+124-PU-H71PET+imaging+to+predict+intratumoral+concentration+in+patients+on+a+phase+I+trial+of+PU-H71.">Using 124-PU-H71PET imaging to predict intratumoral concentration in patients on a phase I trial of PU-H71.</a> Journal of Clinical Oncology. 31, 11076-11 (2013).</li><li>Yildiz-Aktas, I., Dabbs, D. J., Bhargava, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+cold+ischemic+time+on+the+immunohistochemical+evaluation+of+estrogen+receptor,+progesterone+receptor,+and+HER2+expression+in+invasive+breast+carcinoma.">The effect of cold ischemic time on the immunohistochemical evaluation of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 expression in invasive breast carcinoma.</a> Modern Pathology. 25, 1098-1105 (2012).</li></ol>

Krebs Biologen vor großen Herausforderungen, wenn man versucht, wirksame therapeutische Strategien zu entwickeln. Testen von Medikamenten in der Entwicklung auf etablierte Krebszelllinien nicht genau in vivo Reaktion und in vivo Versuchen an PDX Modelle sind arbeitsintensiv und sehr teuer. Angesichts des Vorstehenden wird die Anwendung der Ex-vivo-Techniken der Primärtumoren Patienten 14, 15 wird nun neben der molekularen Analyse von etablierten Tumorzelllinien und von einem Patie...

Entwicklung wirksamer Krebstherapeutika hat sich als äußerst schwierig. Krebszelllinien und Tumor Explantate - ebenso wie Heterotransplantate wurden in der Krebsforschung seit über einem halben Jahrhundert 1,2,3 verwendet. Bis heute ist die molekulare Analyse von Arzneimittelempfindlichkeit und Widerstand in beiden etablierten Krebszelllinien und Patienten abgeleitete Xenografts (PDX) unverzichtbar. Jedoch ist der Test-Verbindungen in etablierte Krebszelllinien oft nicht prädiktiv für die Wirksamkeit in vivo, und die entsprechenden in vivo-Untersuchungen an Tieren, insbesondere in PDX Modelle, ist sehr teuer und zeitaufwendig. Die Grenzen dieser Modellsysteme, nämlich der Unfähigkeit, über den Einfluss der nativen Mikroumgebung der Tumorprogression und der Reaktion auf therapeutische Strategien zu informieren, hat das Forschungsfeld, um zusätzliche Methoden, um diese Analysen zu entwickeln Kompliment geführt. Der letzten, ist erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit in Richtung Ex-vivo-Analyse von Patienten TUM bezahltoder Explantaten 4, 5 aufgrund der besseren Verständnis, dass Krebs therapeutische Antwort nicht exklusiv ist, um die inhärente molekulare Zusammensetzung von Krebszellen, sondern wird stark durch die Tumorzelle Mikro 6, 7 eine Funktion, die nicht durch herkömmliche Kultivierungsverfahren und rekapitulieren beeinflusst / oder PDX. Ex-vivo-Analyse in der obigen Kontext (dh., Einfluss der benachbarten Umgebung von Tumorzellen Mikroumgebung) impliziert Bewertung von lebensfähigen primären Tumor / Metastasen Abschnitte, statt ex vivo Analyse zellulärer Isolate 8, 9. Wir berichten hier über einen Ex-vivo-Technik (dh., Präzise geschnittenen frischen Gewebeschnitten) der beiden Patienten Primärtumoren und Metastasen assoziiert (dh Lymphknoten), die treu informiert über Antwort (IC50), Off-Target-Effekte und ermöglicht für die molekulare Analyse von Widerstand und Feedback-Mechanismen. Zusätzlich wird ein Korrelat Analyse therapeUTIC Empfindlichkeit / Resistenz gegen Biomarker und Genexpressionsprofil kann in dem Bemühen, Patienten eher zu dem experimentellen Medikament von Interesse reagieren zu identifizieren durchgeführt werden (dh., hohe Medikamentenantwort passt Patienten mit bestimmten biologischen Profil). Anwendung der Ex-vivo-Technik und Bewertung in einer Multi-Parameter-Mode ist Bewegung in Richtung Patientenauswahl und die allgemeine Verbesserung der klinischen Ergebnisse. Ex-vivo-Behandlung Response-Analyse konnte ein Standardwerkzeug in der präklinischen und klinischen Entwicklung von Krebstherapeutika zu werden und wird als ein Schritt hin zu einer personalisierten Medizin Ansatz in der therapeutischen Entwicklungsstrategien in Betracht gezogen.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="598">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Vibratome Leica VT1000s</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14047235613</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">UltraPure agarose</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16500500</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Prepare 4% and 6% before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Injector blade</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Ted Pella</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">121-4</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">MEM with Penicillin&#160; + Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Media Core Facilities (MSKCC)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">The media is prepared at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Scalpel no. 10</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">31-200-32</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Disposable forceps</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">84011182</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Embedding mold</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Electron Microscopy Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">70181</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">FBS (heat inactivated)</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Gemini</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">100106</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">24 well plates</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3524</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Formalin (10%)</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Sigma Diagnostics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SDHT501128&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">16% Formaldehyde solution</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">28908</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Embedding microsettes</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Simport</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M503-2</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Ethanol (70%)</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A405P-4</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Waterbath</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15-462-2SQ</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Microwave</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">General Electric</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ModelJES2051DNBB</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Adhesive (Ethyl Cyanoacrylate)</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E1505-5G</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">10mm dishes</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">BD Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">353003</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">15ml tubes</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">BD Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">352096</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ex vivo treatment response of primary tumors and/or associated metastases for preclinical and clinical development of therapeutics

The molecular analysis of established cancer cell lines has been the mainstay of cancer research for the past several decades. Cell culture provides both direct and rapid analysis of therapeutic sensitivity and resistance. However, recent evidence suggests that therapeutic response is not exclusive to the inherent molecular composition of cancer cells but rather is greatly influenced by the tumor cell microenvironment, a feature that cannot be recapitulated by traditional culturing methods. Even implementation of tumor xenografts, though providing a wealth of information on drug delivery/efficacy, cannot capture the tumor cell/microenvironment crosstalk (i.e., soluble factors) that occurs within human tumors and greatly impacts tumor response. To this extent, we have developed an ex vivo (fresh tissue sectioning) technique which allows for the direct assessment of treatment response for preclinical and clinical therapeutics development. This technique maintains tissue integrity and cellular architecture within the tumor cell/microenvironment context throughout treatment response providing a more precise means to assess drug efficacy.

Für diese Studie wurde die Ex-vivo-Technik in einem korrelativen Analyse der therapeutischen Empfindlichkeit / Widerstand eines Hitzeschockprotein 90-Inhibitor (Hsp90i) verwendet. In einer präklinischen Bewertung dieses Hsp90i, den Primärtumor Brustkrebs, einem ER + invasive duktale Karzinom (IDC) und die zugehörigen Lymphknoten-Metastasen wurden ex vivo zur Behandlung Reaktion analysiert &#160; (Abbildung 1). Mehrere 200 um serielle Schnitte wurden mit Vehikel all...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ex Vivo Treatment Response of Primary Tumors and/or Associated Metastases for Preclinical and Clinical Development of Therapeutics at JoVE.com

Ex Vivo Treatment Response of Primary Tumors and/or Associated Metastases for Preclinical and Clinical Development of Therapeutics

Gegründet Krebszelllinien und Heterotransplantate waren die Hauptstütze der Krebsforschung in den letzten Jahrzehnten. Jedoch schlägt letzten Beweis, dass therapeutische Reaktion wird durch die Tumorzelle Mikro beeinflusst. Daher haben wir eine ex vivo-Analyse des Primärtumorproben für die Arzneimittelentwicklung Zwecke entwickelt.

Ex-vivo-Ansprechen auf die Behandlung von Primärtumoren und / oder assoziierten Metastasen für die präklinische und klinische Entwicklung von Therapeutika

The molecular analysis of established cancer cell lines has been the mainstay of cancer research for the past several decades. Cell culture provides both ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Ex Vivo Treatment Response of Primary Tumors and/or Associated Metastases for Preclinical and Clinical Development of Therapeutics

Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors

Thermische Ablation zur Behandlung von Abdominaltumoren

Percutaneous thermal ablation is an emerging treatment option for many tumors of the abdomen not amenable to conventional treatments. During a thermal ...

Forschung

Medizin

In vitro Organoid Culture of Primary Mouse Colon Tumors

In vitro Organoid Culture of Primary Mouse Colon Tumors

In-vitro-Kultur von Organoide Primäre Maus Kolontumoren

Several  human and murine colon cancer cell lines have been established, physiologic  integrity of colon tumors such as multiple cell layers, basal-apical ...

A Novel High-resolution In vivo Imaging Technique to Study the Dynamic Response of Intracranial Structures to Tumor Growth and Therapeutics

A Novel High-resolution In vivo Imaging Technique to Study the Dynamic Response of Intracranial Structures to Tumor Growth and Therapeutics

A Novel Hochauflösende<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Bildtechnik, um die Dynamik der intrakranielle Strukturen zu Tumorwachstum und Therapeutics Studieren

We have successfully integrated previously established Intracranial window (ICW) technology 1-4 with intravital 2-photon confocal microscopy to develop a ...

Adaptation of Semiautomated Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Assays for Clinical and Preclinical Research Applications

Adaptation of Semiautomated Circulating Tumor Cell CTC Assays for Clinical and Preclinical Research Applications

Halbautomatische Anpassung der Umlauftumorzellen (CTC)-Assays für die klinische und vorklinische Forschungsanwendungen

The majority of cancer-related deaths occur subsequent to the development of metastatic disease. This highly lethal disease stage is associated with the ...

A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases

Einer präklinischen Mausmodell der Lebermetastasen

Numerous murine models have been developed to study human cancers and advance the understanding of cancer treatment and development. Here, a preclinical, ...

Isolated Hepatic Perfusion as a Treatment for Liver Metastases of Uveal Melanoma

Isolierte Leberperfusion als Behandlung für Lebermetastasen von Aderhautmelanom

Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) is a procedure where the liver is surgically isolated and perfused with a high concentration of the chemotherapeutic ...

Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing

Die Erzeugung von Microtumors Mit 3D Human Biogel Kultursystem und Patienten stammGlioblastomZellen für Kinomic Profilieren and Drug Response-Testing

The use of patient-derived xenografts for modeling cancers has provided important insight into cancer biology and drug responsiveness. However, they are ...

Assessment of Spontaneous Alternation, Novel Object Recognition and Limb Clasping in Transgenic Mouse Models of Amyloid-&#946; and Tau Neuropathology

Assessment of Spontane Alternation, neuartige Objekterkennung und Gliedmaßenverkürzung in transgenen Mausmodellen der Amyloid-β- und Tau-Neuropathologie

Here we describe a staged, behavioral testing approach that can be used to screen for compounds that exhibit in vivo efficacy on cognitive and functional ...

Treatment of Liver Metastases Using an Internal Target Volume Method for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy

Behandlung von Lebermetastasen mit ein internes Ziel-Volumen-Methode für Stereotaktische Körper Strahlentherapie

The prognosis of patients with metastatic cancers has improved in the past decades due to effective chemotherapy and oligometastatic surgery. For ...

Contractions of Human-iPSC-derived Cardiomyocyte Syncytia Measured with a Ca-sensitive Fluorescent Dye in Temperature-controlled 384-well Plates

Kontraktionen der iPSC abgeleitete Cardiomyocyte Syncytia gemessen mit einem Ca-sensitiven Fluoreszenzfarbstoff in temperaturgesteuerten 384-Well-Platten

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) are a useful model of human cardiac ...