Name: isolation of myofibroblasts from mouse and human esophagus
Uploaded: 2015-01-18T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Esophagus at JoVE.com

Authors have nothing to disclose.

O protocolo para realizar experimentos com animais, a lógica e os objetivos da pesquisa, foram submetidos e aprovados pela University of Southern California Institutional Animal Care e do Comitê Use. O protocolo para estabelecimento de culturas primárias de identificados de-esofagectomia espécimes humanos foi aprovado pela University of Southern California Institutional Review Board. 1. Obtenha Mouse ou Esôfago Humano <ol><li> Obter Rato Esôfago:<...

<ol>
	<li>Stappenbeck, T. S., Miyoshi, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+stromal+stem+cells+in+tissue+regeneration+and+wound+repair.">The role of stromal stem cells in tissue regeneration and wound repair.</a> Science. 324 (5935), 1666-1669 (2009).</li><li>Powell, D. W., Pinchuk, I. V., Saada, J. I., Chen, X., Mifflin, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+cells+of+the+intestinal+lamina+propria.">Mesenchymal cells of the intestinal lamina propria.</a> Annu Rev Physiol. 73, 213-237 (2011).</li><li>Rieder, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=T-Helper+2+Cytokines,+Transforming+Growth+Factor+beta1,+and+Eosinophil+Products+Induce+Fibrogenesis+and+Alter+Muscle+Motility+in+Patients+With+Eosinophilic+Esophagitis.">T-Helper 2 Cytokines, Transforming Growth Factor beta1, and Eosinophil Products Induce Fibrogenesis and Alter Muscle Motility in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.</a> Gastroenterology. 146 (5), 1266-1277 (2014).</li><li>Powell, D. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paracrine+cells+important+in+health+and+disease.">Paracrine cells important in health and disease.</a> The American Journal of Physiology. 277 (1 Pt. 1), C1-9 (1999).</li><li>Powell, D. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intestinal+subepithelial+myofibroblasts.">Intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts.</a> The American Journal of Physiology. 277 (2 Pt. 1), C183-201 (1999).</li><li>Shaker, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stromal+cells+participate+in+the+murine+esophageal+mucosal+injury+response.">Stromal cells participate in the murine esophageal mucosal injury response.</a> American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 304 (7), 662-672 (2013).</li><li>Shaker, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epimorphin+deletion+protects+mice+from+inflammation-induced+colon+carcinogenesis+and+alters+stem+cell+niche+myofibroblast+secretion.">Epimorphin deletion protects mice from inflammation-induced colon carcinogenesis and alters stem cell niche myofibroblast secretion.</a> The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 120 (6), 2081-2093 (2010).</li><li>Kalabis, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterization+of+mouse+and+human+esophageal+epithelial+cells+in+3D+organotypic+culture.">Isolation and characterization of mouse and human esophageal epithelial cells in 3D organotypic culture.</a> Nature Protocols. 7 (2), 235-246 (2012).</li><li>Khalil, H., Nie, W., Edwards, R. A., Yoo, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+primary+myofibroblasts+from+mouse+and+human+colon+tissue.">Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from mouse and human colon tissue.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (80), (2013).</li><li>Rieder, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gastroesophageal+reflux+disease-associated+esophagitis+induces+endogenous+cytokine+production+leading+to+motor+abnormalities.">Gastroesophageal reflux disease-associated esophagitis induces endogenous cytokine production leading to motor abnormalities.</a> Gastroenterology. 132 (1), 154-165 (2007).</li></ol>

As técnicas para a geração de cultura primária são geralmente semelhantes quando se utiliza tecido murino ou humano com Picadoras de carne e de digestão vezes adaptados para o tamanho do tecido. A nossa experiência com tecido murino sugere que utilizando os métodos descritos acima consistentemente resultar no estabelecimento bem sucedido de culturas primárias. As etapas críticas no âmbito do protocolo incluem a esterilização de equipamentos cirúrgicos e seguindo técnicas estéreis padrão de cultura de te...

Interações epitélio-estromal estão envolvidos na regulação de uma variedade de funções do trato gastrointestinal, incluindo a regeneração das mucosas, reparação, fibrose e carcinogênese 1,2. Estas interacções têm sido melhor estudada no intestino delgado e cólon, e pode desempenhar um papel semelhante nos distúrbios da mucosa esofágica 3. Uma subpopulação de células de miofibroblastos do estroma e intestinais do cólon denominados foi demonstrada para participar na mediação de lesão dos tecidos, inflamação e reparação de 4,5. No tracto GI distal, estas células fusiformes estão localizadas adjacentes à membrana basal, na interface entre o epitélio e da lâmina própria e são definidos como α-SMA positivos e vimentina, citoqueratina pan-negativo, e fracamente positivo ou negativo 5 desmina. O estroma da dor não foi rigorosamente caracterizado ao nível celular ou molecular. Nosso trabalho no esôfago murino minimizarammonstrou α-SMA células e vimentina no estroma de esôfago, ocasionalmente subjacentes ao epitélio escamoso 6. Interacções epiteliais-estromal têm sido implicados em perturbações da mucosa esofágica, tais como lesão mediada gastro-esofágico e esofagite eosinofílica 6 3. Estenoses fibróticas também são uma complicação conhecida de células estromais de lesões esofágicas e têm sido implicados na patogénese da fibrose gastrointestinal. O isolamento dessas células vai ajudar a realizar os estudos necessários para investigar vias de sinalização dementes. Esta apresentação fornece as técnicas necessárias para estabelecer culturas primárias de α-SMA, myofibroblasts positivos vimentina positivos tais que as lacunas existentes no conhecimento sobre as vias de sinalização que medeiam estas interações podem ser abordados. A técnica descrita foi utilizada com sucesso pelos autores para estabelecer miofibroblastos do cólon de murino primários 7 e further adaptado para o estabelecimento de murino 6 e células estromais esôfago humano miofibroblastos. Descrevemos as condições necessárias para estabelecer e caracterizar essas culturas estabelecidas a partir do mouse ou no esôfago humano antes do uso em futuros estudos funcionais. As culturas podem ser cultivadas e utilizou-se para a 15 passagens. O isolamento e estabelecimento de culturas primárias através dos métodos descritos abaixo gera células do estroma com um fenótipo de miofibroblastos; α-SMA, vimentin positivo e fracamente positivo ou negativo para desmina e citoceratina negativo. Este fenótipo é diferente do fenótipo do fibroblasto esofágica que é predominantemente positiva vimentina, α-SMA negativo 3 ou o α-SMA positivos, vimentina fenótipo negativo da mucosa muscularis 6.

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			<td></td>
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			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>H6648</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">dispase&#160;</td>
			<td>GIBCO, Invitrogen</td>
			<td>&#160;17105-041</td>
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			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>C9407&#160;</td>
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			<td>GIBCO, Invitrogen&#160;</td>
			<td>11965-092</td>
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			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S1876</td>
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			<td>Sigma)</td>
			<td>F42442</td>
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			<td>Roche</td>
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			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>25-052-Cl</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">epidermal growth factor&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E9644</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">trypsin/EDTA&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>&#160;25-052-Cl</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Reagents for immunostaining</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">goat serum</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>G9023</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Mouse mAB to &#945;-SMA&#160;</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab7817</td>
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			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab45939</td>
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			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td>111-225-144</td>
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			<td>sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>D8417</td>
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			<td>ebiosciences</td>
			<td>48-0319-410</td>
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			<td>ebiosciences&#160;</td>
			<td>17-0909-41&#160;</td>
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			<td>BD Pharmigen</td>
			<td>559763</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">mouse Fc block for CD16/CD32&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Pharmigen</td>
			<td>2136662</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">5 ml tube&#160;</td>
			<td>eppendorf</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Motic AE31 inverted microscope</td>
			<td>Motic AE31 inverted microscope</td>
			<td>Motic AE31 inverted microscope</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Nuaire Biosafety Cabinet and Incubators</td>
			<td>Nuaire Biosafety Cabinet and Incubators</td>
			<td>Nuaire Biosafety Cabinet and Incubators</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">4-well chamber slides&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>177437</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Eppendorf Centrifuge 5810R</td>
			<td>Eppendorf Centrifuge 5810R</td>
			<td>Eppendorf Centrifuge 5810R</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Olympus Vacuum-Driven Filter System&#160;</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>25-227</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Nikon Eclipse TE300 Fluorescent Microscope&#160;</td>
			<td>Nikon Eclipse TE300 Fluorescent Microscope (Tokyo, Japan)&#160;</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">6 well plates&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3516</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">T25 Flasks&#160;</td>
			<td>TRP&#160;</td>
			<td>90026</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">T75 Flasks&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>43064</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dissection Scissors</td>
			<td>Dissection Scissors</td>
			<td>Dissection Scissors</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dissection Forceps</td>
			<td>Dissection Forceps</td>
			<td>Dissection Forceps</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Single Tipped Q-Tips&#160;</td>
			<td>Kendall</td>
			<td>540500</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">T75 Flasks</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>43064</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Metamorph software (Molecular Devices)</td>
			<td>Molecular Devices</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">FACSCAlibur&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Bioscience&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">FACSVerse</td>
			<td>BD Bioscience</td>
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isolation of myofibroblasts from mouse and human esophagus

De murino e humano esofágicas miofibroblastos são geradas através de digestão enzimática. Neonato (8-12 dias de idade) de murino esófago é colhida, triturada, lavada, e submetidos a digestão enzimática com colagenase e dispase durante 25 min. Espécimes ressecção do esôfago humanos são despojados de muscular própria e adventícia ea mucosa restante é picada, e submetido a digestão enzimática com colagenase e dispase por até 6 horas. As células cultivadas expressar α-SMA e vimentina e desmina expressa fracamente ou não em todos. Condições de cultura não são favoráveis ​​para o crescimento de células epiteliais, hematopoiético, ou células endoteliais. A pureza da cultura é ainda confirmada pela avaliação de citometria de fluxo de superfície celular expressão do marcador do potencial de contaminação da hematopoiético e células endoteliais. A técnica descrita é simples e resulta na geração consistente de não-hematopoieitc, células estromais não endoteliais. As limitações desta técnica são inerentes ao uso deculturas primárias em estudos de biologia molecular, ou seja, a variabilidade inevitável encontrou entre as culturas estabelecidas em diferentes ratos ou de seres humanos. As culturas primárias, porém, são uma reflexão mais representativo do estado in vivo em comparação com as linhas celulares. Estes métodos também fornecer aos investigadores a capacidade de isolar e cultura de células estromais de diferentes condições clínicas e experimentais, permitindo comparações entre os grupos. Células estromais esofágicas caracterizados também pode ser usado em estudos funcionais investigando interações epiteliais-estromal em doenças do esôfago.

Células estromais esofágicas isoladas usando a digestão mecânica e enzimática são inicialmente banhado e cultivadas em placas de 6 poços. O exame de células com um microscópio invertido dentro de horas de plaqueamento demonstra uma suspensão mista de células fracamente aderentes à placa de fundo (Figura 1A). Durante o próximo 24 horas, as células em forma de fuso firmemente aderentes ao fundo da placa são observados de disparo a partir da suspensão de células mista (Figura 1B)</...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Esophagus at JoVE.com

Isolation of Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Esophagus

We present a protocol to generate primary cultures of murine and human esophageal stromal cells with a myofibroblast phenotype. Cultured cells have spindle shaped morphology, express &#945;-SMA and vimentin, and lack epithelial, hematopoietic and endothelial cell surface markers. Characterized stromal cells can be used in functional studies of epithelial-stromal interactions.

Isolamento de Miofibroblastos de Mouse e esôfago humano

Murine and human esophageal myofibroblasts are generated via enzymatic digestion. Neonate (8-12 day old) murine esophagus is harvested, minced, washed, ...

isolation-of-myofibroblasts-from-mouse-and-human-esophagus

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Isolation of Genomic DNA from Mouse Tails

Isolamento de DNA genômico de Tails rato

Biologia

Isolation and Culture of Adult Epithelial Stem Cells from Human Skin

The homeostasis of all self-renewing tissues is dependent on adult stem cells. As undifferentiated stem cells undergo asymmetric divisions, they generate daughter cells that retain the stem cell phenotype and transit-amplifying cells (TA cells) that migrate from the stem cell niche, undergo rapid proliferation and terminally differentiate to repopulate the tissue.
Epithelial stem cells have been identified in the epidermis, hair follicle, and intestine as cells with a high in vitro proliferative potential and as slow-cycling label-retaining cells in vivo 1-3. Adult, tissue-specific stem cells are responsible for the regeneration of the tissues in which they reside during normal physiologic turnover as well as during times of stress 4-5. Moreover, stem cells are generally considered to be multi-potent, possessing the capacity to give rise to multiple cell types within the tissue 6. For example, rodent hair follicle stem cells can generate epidermis, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles 7-9. We have shown that stem cells from the human hair follicle bulge region exhibit multi-potentiality 10.
Stem cells have become a valuable tool in biomedical research, due to their utility as an in vitro system for studying developmental biology, differentiation, tumorigenesis and for their possible therapeutic utility. It is likely that adult epithelial stem cells will be useful in the treatment of diseases such as ectodermal dysplasias, monilethrix, Netherton syndrome, Menkes disease, hereditary epidermolysis bullosa and alopecias 11-13. Additionally, other skin problems such as burn wounds, chronic wounds and ulcers will benefit from stem cell related therapies 14,15. Given the potential for reprogramming of adult cells into a pluripotent state (iPS cells)16,17, the readily accessible and expandable adult stem cells in human skin may provide a valuable source of cells for induction and downstream therapy for a wide range of disease including diabetes and Parkinson's disease.

A rapid, robust way of isolating viable adult epithelial stem cells from human skin is described. The method utilizes enzymatic digestion of skin collagen matrix , followed by plucking of hair follicles and isolation of single cell suspensions or tissue fragments for cell culture.

Isolamento e Cultura de Células-Tronco Adultas epitelial da pele humana

The homeostasis of all self-renewing tissues is dependent on adult stem cells. As undifferentiated stem cells undergo asymmetric divisions, they generate ...

Manual Isolation of Adipose-derived Stem Cells from Human Lipoaspirates

In 2001, researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, described the isolation of a new population of adult stem cells from liposuctioned adipose tissue that they initially termed Processed Lipoaspirate Cells or PLA cells. Since then, these stem cells have been renamed as Adipose-derived Stem Cells or ASCs and have gone on to become one of the most popular adult stem cells populations in the fields of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. Thousands of articles now describe the use of ASCs in a variety of regenerative animal models, including bone regeneration, peripheral nerve repair and cardiovascular engineering. Recent articles have begun to describe the myriad of uses for ASCs in the clinic. The protocol shown in this article outlines the basic procedure for manually and enzymatically isolating ASCs from large amounts of lipoaspirates obtained from cosmetic procedures. This protocol can easily be scaled up or down to accommodate the volume of lipoaspirate and can be adapted to isolate ASCs from fat tissue obtained through abdominoplasties and other similar procedures.

In 2001, researchers at UCLA described the isolation of a population of adult stem cells, termed Adipose-derived Stem Cells or ASCs, from adipose tissue. This article outlines the isolation of ASCs from lipoaspirates using a manual, enzymatic digestion protocol using collagenase.

Isolamento manual de células-tronco adiposo-derivadas de Lipoaspirates Humanos

In 2001, researchers at the University of  California, Los Angeles, described the isolation of a new population of adult  stem cells from liposuctioned ...

Isolation of Primary Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Colon Tissue

The myofibroblast is a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining considerable attention for its critical role in many GI functions. While several myofibroblast cell lines are commercially available to study these cells in vitro, research results from a cell line exposed to experimental cell culture conditions have inherent limitations due to the overly reductionist nature of the work. Use of primary myofibroblasts offers a great advantage in terms of confirming experimental findings identified in a cell line. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from an animal model allows for the study of myofibroblasts under conditions that more closely mimic the disease state being studied. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from human colon tissue provides arguably the most relevant experimental data, since the cells come directly from patients with the underlying disease. We describe a well-established technique that can be utilized to isolate primary myofibroblasts from both mouse and human colon tissue. These isolated cells have been characterized to be alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin-positive, and desmin-negative, consistent with subepithelial intestinal myofibroblasts. Primary myofibroblast cells can be grown in cell culture and used for experimental purposes over a limited number of passages.

The myofibroblast is an influential stromal cell of the gastrointestinal tract that regulates important physiologic processes in both normal and disease states. We describe a technique that allows for the isolation of primary myofibroblasts from both mouse and human colon tissue, which can be utilized for in vitro experimentation.

Isolamento de primárias Miofibroblastos de Mouse e tecido do cólon humano

The myofibroblast is  a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining  considerable attention for its critical role in many GI ...

Isolation of Microvascular Endothelial Tubes from Mouse Resistance Arteries

The control of blood flow by the resistance vasculature regulates the supply of oxygen and nutrients concomitant with the removal of metabolic by-products, as exemplified by exercising skeletal muscle. Endothelial cells (ECs) line the intima of all resistance vessels and serve a key role in controlling diameter (e.g.&#160;endothelium-dependent vasodilation) and, thereby, the magnitude and distribution of tissue blood flow. The regulation of vascular resistance by ECs is effected by intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which leads to production of diffusible autacoids (e.g.&#160;nitric oxide and arachidonic acid metabolites)1-3 and hyperpolarization4,5 that elicit smooth muscle cell relaxation. Thus understanding the dynamics of endothelial Ca2+ signaling is a key step towards understanding mechanisms governing blood flow control. Isolating endothelial tubes eliminates confounding variables associated with blood in the vessel lumen and with surrounding smooth muscle cells and perivascular nerves, which otherwise influence EC structure and function. Here we present the isolation of endothelial tubes from the superior epigastric artery (SEA) using a protocol optimized for this vessel.
To isolate endothelial tubes from an anesthetized mouse, the SEA is ligated in situ to maintain blood within the vessel lumen (to facilitate visualizing it during dissection), and the entire sheet of abdominal muscle is excised. The SEA is dissected free from surrounding skeletal muscle fibers and connective tissue, blood is flushed from the lumen, and mild enzymatic digestion is performed to enable removal of adventitia, nerves and smooth muscle cells using gentle trituration. These freshly-isolated preparations of intact endothelium retain their native morphology, with individual ECs remaining functionally coupled to one another, able to transfer chemical and electrical signals intercellularly through gap junctions6,7. In addition to providing new insight into calcium signaling and membrane biophysics, these preparations enable molecular studies of gene expression and protein localization within native microvascular endothelium.

We present a preparation for visualizing and manipulating calcium signaling in native, intact microvascular endothelium. Endothelial tubes freshly isolated from mouse resistance arteries supplying skeletal muscle retain in vivo morphology and dynamic signaling within and between neighboring cells. Endothelial tubes can be prepared from microvessels of other tissues and organs.

Isolamento de tubos endoteliais microvasculares de Artérias Rato Resistência

The control of blood flow by the resistance vasculature regulates the supply of oxygen and nutrients concomitant with the removal of metabolic ...

Isolation and Culture of Dental Epithelial Stem Cells from the Adult Mouse Incisor

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie tooth regeneration and renewal has become a topic of great interest1-4, and the mouse incisor provides a model for these processes. This remarkable organ grows continuously throughout the animal&#39;s life and generates all the necessary cell types from active pools of adult stem cells housed in the labial (toward the lip) and lingual (toward the tongue) cervical loop (CL) regions. Only the dental stem cells from the labial CL give rise to ameloblasts that generate enamel, the outer covering of teeth, on the labial surface. This asymmetric enamel formation allows abrasion at the incisor tip, and progenitors and stem cells in the proximal incisor ensure that the dental tissues are constantly replenished. The ability to isolate and grow these progenitor or stem cells in vitro allows their expansion and opens doors to numerous experiments not achievable in vivo, such as high throughput testing of potential stem cell regulatory factors. Here, we describe and demonstrate a reliable and consistent method to culture cells from the labial CL of the mouse incisor.

The continuously growing mouse incisor provides a model for studying renewal of dental tissues from dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs). A robust system for consistently and reliably obtaining these cells from the incisor and expanding them in vitro is reported here.

Isolamento e Cultura da Dental epiteliais células-tronco do Adulto Rato Incisivo

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie tooth regeneration and renewal has become a topic of great interest1-4, and the mouse ...

Isolation of Small Noncoding RNAs from Human Serum

The analysis of RNA and its expression is a common feature in many laboratories. Of significance is the emergence of small RNAs like microRNAs, which are found in mammalian cells. These small RNAs are potent gene regulators controlling vital pathways such as growth, development and death and much interest has been directed at their expression in bodily fluids. This is due to their dysregulation in human diseases such as cancer and their potential application as serum biomarkers. However, the analysis of miRNA expression in serum may be problematic. In most cases the amount of serum is limiting and serum contains low amounts of total RNA, of which small RNAs only constitute 0.4-0.5%1. Thus the isolation of sufficient amounts of quality RNA from serum is a major challenge to researchers today. In this technical paper, we demonstrate a method which uses only 400 &#181;l of human serum to obtain sufficient RNA for either DNA arrays or qPCR analysis. The advantages of this method are its simplicity and ability to yield high quality RNA. It requires no specialized columns for purification of small RNAs and utilizes general reagents and hardware found in common laboratories. Our method utilizes a Phase Lock Gel to eliminate phenol contamination while at the same time yielding high quality RNA. We also introduce an additional step to further remove all contaminants during the isolation step. This protocol is very effective in isolating yields of total RNA of up to 100 ng/&#181;l from serum but can also be adapted for other biological tissues.

This protocol describes a method for extracting small RNAs from human serum. We have used this method to isolate microRNAs from cancer serum for use in DNA arrays and also singleplex quantitative PCR. The protocol utilizes phenol and guanidinium thiocyanate reagents with modifications to yield high quality RNA.

Isolamento de ARN a partir de pequenas não-codificante de Soro Humano

The analysis of RNA and its expression is a common feature in many laboratories. Of significance is the emergence of small RNAs like microRNAs, which are ...

Isolation of Mitochondria from Minimal Quantities of Mouse Skeletal Muscle for High Throughput Microplate Respiratory Measurements

Dysfunctional skeletal muscle mitochondria play a role in altered metabolism observed with aging, obesity and Type II diabetes. Mitochondrial respirometric assays from isolated mitochondrial preparations allow for the assessment of mitochondrial function, as well as determination of the mechanism(s) of action of drugs and proteins that modulate metabolism. Current isolation procedures often require large quantities of tissue to yield high quality mitochondria necessary for respirometric assays. The methods presented herein describe how high quality purified mitochondria (~ 450 &#181;g) can be isolated from minimal quantities (~75-100 mg) of mouse skeletal muscle for use in high throughput respiratory measurements. We determined that our isolation method yields 92.5&#177; 2.0% intact mitochondria by measuring citrate synthase activity spectrophotometrically. In addition, Western blot analysis in isolated mitochondria resulted in the faint expression of the cytosolic protein, GAPDH, and the robust expression of the mitochondrial protein, COXIV. The absence of a prominent GAPDH band in the isolated mitochondria is indicative of little contamination from non-mitochondrial sources during the isolation procedure. Most importantly, the measurement of O2 consumption rate with micro-plate based technology and determining the respiratory control ratio (RCR) for coupled respirometric assays shows highly coupled (RCR; &#62;6 for all assays) and functional mitochondria. In conclusion, the addition of a separate mincing step and significantly reducing motor driven homogenization speed of a previously reported method has allowed the isolation of high quality and purified mitochondria from smaller quantities of mouse skeletal muscle that results in highly coupled mitochondria that respire with high function during microplate based respirometirc assays.

Here, we present a modification of a previously reported method that allows for the isolation of high quality and purified mitochondria from smaller quantities of mouse skeletal muscle. This procedure results in highly coupled mitochondria that respire with high function during microplate based respirometirc assays.

Isolamento de mitocôndrias de quantidades mínimas de Rato Músculo Esquelético para medições High Throughput Microplate respiratórias

Dysfunctional skeletal muscle mitochondria play a role in altered metabolism observed with aging, obesity and Type II diabetes. Mitochondrial ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Mouse Keratinocytes from Neonatal and Adult Mouse Skin

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin defense by forming an intact skin barrier against environmental insults, such as UVB irradiation or pathogens, and also by initiating an inflammatory response upon those insults. Here we describe methods to isolate KCs from neonatal mouse skin and from adult mouse tail skin. We also describe culturing conditions using defined growth supplements (dGS) in comparison to chelexed fetal bovine serum (cFBS). Functionally, we show that both neonatal and adult KCs are highly responsive to high calcium-induced terminal differentiation, tight junction formation and stratification. Additionally, cultured adult KCs are susceptible to UVB-triggered cell death and can release large amounts of TNF upon UVB irradiation. Together, the methods described here will be useful to researchers for the setup of in vitro models to study epidermal biology in the neonatal mouse and/or the adult mouse.

Epidermal keratinocytes form a functional skin barrier and are positioned at the front line of host defense against external environmental insults. Here we describe methods for isolation and primary culture of epidermal keratinocytes from neonatal and adult mouse skin, and induction of terminal differentiation and UVB-triggered inflammatory response from keratinocytes.

Isolamento e Cultura de Queratinócitos de Rato Primário de Pele de Rato Neonatal e Adulto

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin ...

Isolation and Characterization of Adult Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts

Cardiac fibrosis in response to injury is a physiological response to wound healing. Efforts have been made to study and target fibroblast subtypes that mitigate fibrosis. However, fibroblast research has been hindered due to the lack of universally acceptable fibroblast markers to identify quiescent as well as activated fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are a heterogenous cell population, making them difficult to isolate and characterize. The presented protocol describes three different methods to enrich fibroblasts and myofibroblasts from uninjured and injured mouse hearts. Using a standard and reliable protocol to isolate fibroblasts will enable the study of their roles in homeostasis as well as fibrosis modulation.

Obtaining a pure population of fibroblasts is crucial to studying their role in wound repair and fibrosis. Described here is a detailed method to isolate fibroblasts and myofibroblasts from uninjured and injured mouse hearts followed by characterization of their purity and functionality by immunofluorescence, RTPCR, fluorescence-assisted cell sorting, and collagen gel contraction.

Isolamento e Caracterização de Fibroblastos Cardíacos Adultos e Miofibroblastos

Cardiac fibrosis in response to injury is a physiological response to wound healing. Efforts have been made to study and target fibroblast subtypes that ...