Name: isolation of myofibroblasts from mouse and human esophagus
Uploaded: 2015-01-18T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Esophagus at JoVE.com

Authors have nothing to disclose.

El protocolo para llevar a cabo experimentos con animales, la razón de ser y objetivos de la investigación, fueron presentado y aprobado por la Universidad del Sur de California Institucional Cuidado de Animales y el empleo Comisión. El protocolo para el establecimiento de cultivos primarios de desidentificados especímenes esofagectomía humanos fue aprobado por la Universidad de California Junta de Revisión Institucional del Sur. 1. Obtener el ratón o el es?...

<ol>
	<li>Stappenbeck, T. S., Miyoshi, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+stromal+stem+cells+in+tissue+regeneration+and+wound+repair.">The role of stromal stem cells in tissue regeneration and wound repair.</a> Science. 324 (5935), 1666-1669 (2009).</li><li>Powell, D. W., Pinchuk, I. V., Saada, J. I., Chen, X., Mifflin, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+cells+of+the+intestinal+lamina+propria.">Mesenchymal cells of the intestinal lamina propria.</a> Annu Rev Physiol. 73, 213-237 (2011).</li><li>Rieder, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=T-Helper+2+Cytokines,+Transforming+Growth+Factor+beta1,+and+Eosinophil+Products+Induce+Fibrogenesis+and+Alter+Muscle+Motility+in+Patients+With+Eosinophilic+Esophagitis.">T-Helper 2 Cytokines, Transforming Growth Factor beta1, and Eosinophil Products Induce Fibrogenesis and Alter Muscle Motility in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.</a> Gastroenterology. 146 (5), 1266-1277 (2014).</li><li>Powell, D. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paracrine+cells+important+in+health+and+disease.">Paracrine cells important in health and disease.</a> The American Journal of Physiology. 277 (1 Pt. 1), C1-9 (1999).</li><li>Powell, D. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intestinal+subepithelial+myofibroblasts.">Intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts.</a> The American Journal of Physiology. 277 (2 Pt. 1), C183-201 (1999).</li><li>Shaker, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stromal+cells+participate+in+the+murine+esophageal+mucosal+injury+response.">Stromal cells participate in the murine esophageal mucosal injury response.</a> American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 304 (7), 662-672 (2013).</li><li>Shaker, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epimorphin+deletion+protects+mice+from+inflammation-induced+colon+carcinogenesis+and+alters+stem+cell+niche+myofibroblast+secretion.">Epimorphin deletion protects mice from inflammation-induced colon carcinogenesis and alters stem cell niche myofibroblast secretion.</a> The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 120 (6), 2081-2093 (2010).</li><li>Kalabis, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterization+of+mouse+and+human+esophageal+epithelial+cells+in+3D+organotypic+culture.">Isolation and characterization of mouse and human esophageal epithelial cells in 3D organotypic culture.</a> Nature Protocols. 7 (2), 235-246 (2012).</li><li>Khalil, H., Nie, W., Edwards, R. A., Yoo, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+primary+myofibroblasts+from+mouse+and+human+colon+tissue.">Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from mouse and human colon tissue.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (80), (2013).</li><li>Rieder, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gastroesophageal+reflux+disease-associated+esophagitis+induces+endogenous+cytokine+production+leading+to+motor+abnormalities.">Gastroesophageal reflux disease-associated esophagitis induces endogenous cytokine production leading to motor abnormalities.</a> Gastroenterology. 132 (1), 154-165 (2007).</li></ol>

Las técnicas para la generación de cultivo primario son generalmente similares cuando se utiliza el tejido murino o humano con tiempos de digestión de picar carne y adaptados para el tamaño del tejido. Nuestra experiencia con el tejido murino sugiere que el uso de los métodos descritos anteriormente constantemente como resultado éxito del establecimiento de cultivos primarios. Los pasos críticos dentro del protocolo incluyen la esterilización de material quirúrgico y siguiendo técnicas estériles estándar de ...

Interacciones epitelio-estroma están involucrados en la regulación de una variedad de funciones del tracto gastrointestinal incluyendo la regeneración de la mucosa, la reparación, la fibrosis y la carcinogénesis 1,2. Estas interacciones han sido mejor estudiado en el intestino delgado y el colon y pueden jugar un papel similar en los trastornos de la mucosa del esófago 3. Una subpoblación de células del estroma miofibroblastos intestinales y colónicas denominados se ha demostrado para participar en la mediación de la lesión tisular, inflamación y reparación de 4,5. En el tracto GI distal, estas células en forma de huso se encuentran adyacentes a la membrana basal en la interfaz entre el epitelio y la lámina propia y se definen como α-SMA y vimentina positivo, pan-citoqueratina negativa, y débilmente positivo o negativo 5 desmina. El estroma de esófago no ha sido rigurosamente caracterizado a nivel celular o molecular. Nuestro trabajo en el esófago murino ha desdemostra- α-SMA células y vimentina en el estroma de esófago, de vez en cuando subyacentes al epitelio escamoso 6. Interacciones epitelio del estroma se han implicado en trastornos de la mucosa del esófago tales como lesión mediada 6 gastro-esofágica y esofagitis eosinofílica 3. Estenosis fibróticas también son una complicación conocida de las células del estroma y de lesiones esofágicas han sido implicados en la patogénesis de la fibrosis gastrointestinal. El aislamiento de estas células le ayudará a lograr los estudios necesarios para investigar vías de señalización trastornados. Esta presentación ofrece las técnicas necesarias para establecer cultivos primarios de α-SMA, miofibroblastos positivas vimentina positivos tales que las lagunas existentes en el conocimiento sobre las vías de señalización que median estas interacciones se pueden abordar. La técnica descrita ha sido utilizado con éxito por los autores para establecer miofibroblastos de colon primarios murinos 7 y further adaptado para el establecimiento de murino 6 y las células del estroma de esófago parecidas a miofibroblastos humanos. Aquí se describe las condiciones necesarias para establecer y caracterizar estas culturas establecidas de ratón o el esófago humano antes de su uso en futuros estudios funcionales. Las culturas pueden ser cultivadas y utilizadas para un máximo de 15 pasajes. El aislamiento y el establecimiento de cultivos primarios a través de los métodos descritos a continuación genera células estromales con un fenotipo myofibroblast; α-SMA, vimentina positivo, y débilmente positivo o negativo para desmina, y citoqueratina negativa. Este fenotipo es distinto del fenotipo de los fibroblastos de esófago que es predominantemente positiva vimentina, α-SMA negativo 3 o la α-SMA positivos, vimentina fenotipo negativo de la muscular de la mucosa 6.

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			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>H6648</td>
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			<td>GIBCO, Invitrogen</td>
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			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>C9407&#160;</td>
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			<td>S1876</td>
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			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E9644</td>
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			<td>111-225-144</td>
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			<td>sigma-aldrich</td>
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			<td>ebiosciences&#160;</td>
			<td>17-0909-41&#160;</td>
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			<td>2136662</td>
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			<td>Motic AE31 inverted microscope</td>
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			<td>Nuaire Biosafety Cabinet and Incubators</td>
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			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
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			<td>Eppendorf Centrifuge 5810R</td>
			<td>Eppendorf Centrifuge 5810R</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Olympus Vacuum-Driven Filter System&#160;</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>25-227</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Nikon Eclipse TE300 Fluorescent Microscope&#160;</td>
			<td>Nikon Eclipse TE300 Fluorescent Microscope (Tokyo, Japan)&#160;</td>
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			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3516</td>
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			<td>TRP&#160;</td>
			<td>90026</td>
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			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>43064</td>
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			<td>Dissection Scissors</td>
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			<td>Dissection Forceps</td>
			<td>Dissection Forceps</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Single Tipped Q-Tips&#160;</td>
			<td>Kendall</td>
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			<td>Corning</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Metamorph software (Molecular Devices)</td>
			<td>Molecular Devices</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">FACSCAlibur&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Bioscience&#160;</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">FACSVerse</td>
			<td>BD Bioscience</td>
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isolation of myofibroblasts from mouse and human esophagus

Murinos y de esófago humano miofibroblastos se generan a través de la digestión enzimática. Neonato (8-12 días de edad) esófago murino se cosecha, picada, se lavó, y se sometió a digestión enzimática con colagenasa y dispasa durante 25 min. Muestras de resección esofágica Humanos son despojados de muscular propia y adventicia y la mucosa restante se pica y se sometieron a digestión enzimática con colagenasa y dispasa durante un máximo de 6 horas. Las células cultivadas expresan α-SMA y vimentina y desmina expresa débilmente o no en absoluto. Las condiciones de cultivo no son propicias para el crecimiento de origen epitelial, hematopoyético o células endoteliales. La pureza del cultivo se ve confirmado por citometría de flujo de evaluación de la superficie celular marcador expresión del potencial contaminante hematopoyéticas y las células endoteliales. La técnica descrita es sencillo y resulta en la generación consistente de no hematopoieitc, las células estromales no endoteliales. Limitaciones de esta técnica son inherentes a la utilización decultivos primarios en los estudios de biología molecular, es decir, la variabilidad inevitable encuentran entre las culturas establecidas a través de diferentes ratones o seres humanos. Los cultivos primarios sin embargo, son un reflejo más representativo del estado in vivo en comparación con las líneas celulares. Estos métodos también proporcionan los investigadores la capacidad para aislar y cultivar células estromales de diferentes condiciones clínicas y experimentales, lo que permite comparaciones entre grupos. Células estromales esofágicas caracterizados también se pueden utilizar en estudios funcionales que investigan las interacciones epitelio del estroma en los trastornos esofágicos.

Células estromales esofágicas aislados utilizando digestión mecánica y enzimática se sembraron inicialmente y se cultivaron en placas de 6 pocillos. El examen de las células con un microscopio invertido dentro de horas de chapado demuestra una suspensión de células mixtas débilmente adherente a la placa de fondo (Figura 1A). Durante el próximo 24 h, las células fusiformes firmemente adheridas a la placa inferior se observan disparar desde la suspensión de células mixtas (Figura 1B)<...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Esophagus at JoVE.com

Isolation of Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Esophagus

We present a protocol to generate primary cultures of murine and human esophageal stromal cells with a myofibroblast phenotype. Cultured cells have spindle shaped morphology, express &#945;-SMA and vimentin, and lack epithelial, hematopoietic and endothelial cell surface markers. Characterized stromal cells can be used in functional studies of epithelial-stromal interactions.

Aislamiento de Miofibroblastos de Mouse y Esófago Humano

Murine and human esophageal myofibroblasts are generated via enzymatic digestion. Neonate (8-12 day old) murine esophagus is harvested, minced, washed, ...

isolation-of-myofibroblasts-from-mouse-and-human-esophagus

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Isolation of Genomic DNA from Mouse Tails

El aislamiento de ADN genómico de colas de ratón

Investigación

Biología

Isolation and Culture of Adult Epithelial Stem Cells from Human Skin

The homeostasis of all self-renewing tissues is dependent on adult stem cells. As undifferentiated stem cells undergo asymmetric divisions, they generate daughter cells that retain the stem cell phenotype and transit-amplifying cells (TA cells) that migrate from the stem cell niche, undergo rapid proliferation and terminally differentiate to repopulate the tissue.
Epithelial stem cells have been identified in the epidermis, hair follicle, and intestine as cells with a high in vitro proliferative potential and as slow-cycling label-retaining cells in vivo 1-3. Adult, tissue-specific stem cells are responsible for the regeneration of the tissues in which they reside during normal physiologic turnover as well as during times of stress 4-5. Moreover, stem cells are generally considered to be multi-potent, possessing the capacity to give rise to multiple cell types within the tissue 6. For example, rodent hair follicle stem cells can generate epidermis, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles 7-9. We have shown that stem cells from the human hair follicle bulge region exhibit multi-potentiality 10.
Stem cells have become a valuable tool in biomedical research, due to their utility as an in vitro system for studying developmental biology, differentiation, tumorigenesis and for their possible therapeutic utility. It is likely that adult epithelial stem cells will be useful in the treatment of diseases such as ectodermal dysplasias, monilethrix, Netherton syndrome, Menkes disease, hereditary epidermolysis bullosa and alopecias 11-13. Additionally, other skin problems such as burn wounds, chronic wounds and ulcers will benefit from stem cell related therapies 14,15. Given the potential for reprogramming of adult cells into a pluripotent state (iPS cells)16,17, the readily accessible and expandable adult stem cells in human skin may provide a valuable source of cells for induction and downstream therapy for a wide range of disease including diabetes and Parkinson's disease.

A rapid, robust way of isolating viable adult epithelial stem cells from human skin is described. The method utilizes enzymatic digestion of skin collagen matrix , followed by plucking of hair follicles and isolation of single cell suspensions or tissue fragments for cell culture.

Aislamiento y cultivo de células madre adultas epiteliales de la piel humana

The homeostasis of all self-renewing tissues is dependent on adult stem cells. As undifferentiated stem cells undergo asymmetric divisions, they generate ...

Manual Isolation of Adipose-derived Stem Cells from Human Lipoaspirates

In 2001, researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, described the isolation of a new population of adult stem cells from liposuctioned adipose tissue that they initially termed Processed Lipoaspirate Cells or PLA cells. Since then, these stem cells have been renamed as Adipose-derived Stem Cells or ASCs and have gone on to become one of the most popular adult stem cells populations in the fields of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. Thousands of articles now describe the use of ASCs in a variety of regenerative animal models, including bone regeneration, peripheral nerve repair and cardiovascular engineering. Recent articles have begun to describe the myriad of uses for ASCs in the clinic. The protocol shown in this article outlines the basic procedure for manually and enzymatically isolating ASCs from large amounts of lipoaspirates obtained from cosmetic procedures. This protocol can easily be scaled up or down to accommodate the volume of lipoaspirate and can be adapted to isolate ASCs from fat tissue obtained through abdominoplasties and other similar procedures.

In 2001, researchers at UCLA described the isolation of a population of adult stem cells, termed Adipose-derived Stem Cells or ASCs, from adipose tissue. This article outlines the isolation of ASCs from lipoaspirates using a manual, enzymatic digestion protocol using collagenase.

Aislamiento Manual de células madre derivadas de tejido adiposo de Lipoaspirates Humanos

In 2001, researchers at the University of  California, Los Angeles, described the isolation of a new population of adult  stem cells from liposuctioned ...

Isolation of Primary Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Colon Tissue

The myofibroblast is a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining considerable attention for its critical role in many GI functions. While several myofibroblast cell lines are commercially available to study these cells in vitro, research results from a cell line exposed to experimental cell culture conditions have inherent limitations due to the overly reductionist nature of the work. Use of primary myofibroblasts offers a great advantage in terms of confirming experimental findings identified in a cell line. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from an animal model allows for the study of myofibroblasts under conditions that more closely mimic the disease state being studied. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from human colon tissue provides arguably the most relevant experimental data, since the cells come directly from patients with the underlying disease. We describe a well-established technique that can be utilized to isolate primary myofibroblasts from both mouse and human colon tissue. These isolated cells have been characterized to be alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin-positive, and desmin-negative, consistent with subepithelial intestinal myofibroblasts. Primary myofibroblast cells can be grown in cell culture and used for experimental purposes over a limited number of passages.

The myofibroblast is an influential stromal cell of the gastrointestinal tract that regulates important physiologic processes in both normal and disease states. We describe a technique that allows for the isolation of primary myofibroblasts from both mouse and human colon tissue, which can be utilized for in vitro experimentation.

Aislamiento de Miofibroblastos primarias de ratón y el tejido del colon humano

The myofibroblast is  a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining  considerable attention for its critical role in many GI ...

Isolation of Microvascular Endothelial Tubes from Mouse Resistance Arteries

The control of blood flow by the resistance vasculature regulates the supply of oxygen and nutrients concomitant with the removal of metabolic by-products, as exemplified by exercising skeletal muscle. Endothelial cells (ECs) line the intima of all resistance vessels and serve a key role in controlling diameter (e.g.&#160;endothelium-dependent vasodilation) and, thereby, the magnitude and distribution of tissue blood flow. The regulation of vascular resistance by ECs is effected by intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which leads to production of diffusible autacoids (e.g.&#160;nitric oxide and arachidonic acid metabolites)1-3 and hyperpolarization4,5 that elicit smooth muscle cell relaxation. Thus understanding the dynamics of endothelial Ca2+ signaling is a key step towards understanding mechanisms governing blood flow control. Isolating endothelial tubes eliminates confounding variables associated with blood in the vessel lumen and with surrounding smooth muscle cells and perivascular nerves, which otherwise influence EC structure and function. Here we present the isolation of endothelial tubes from the superior epigastric artery (SEA) using a protocol optimized for this vessel.
To isolate endothelial tubes from an anesthetized mouse, the SEA is ligated in situ to maintain blood within the vessel lumen (to facilitate visualizing it during dissection), and the entire sheet of abdominal muscle is excised. The SEA is dissected free from surrounding skeletal muscle fibers and connective tissue, blood is flushed from the lumen, and mild enzymatic digestion is performed to enable removal of adventitia, nerves and smooth muscle cells using gentle trituration. These freshly-isolated preparations of intact endothelium retain their native morphology, with individual ECs remaining functionally coupled to one another, able to transfer chemical and electrical signals intercellularly through gap junctions6,7. In addition to providing new insight into calcium signaling and membrane biophysics, these preparations enable molecular studies of gene expression and protein localization within native microvascular endothelium.

We present a preparation for visualizing and manipulating calcium signaling in native, intact microvascular endothelium. Endothelial tubes freshly isolated from mouse resistance arteries supplying skeletal muscle retain in vivo morphology and dynamic signaling within and between neighboring cells. Endothelial tubes can be prepared from microvessels of other tissues and organs.

Aislamiento de microvascular endotelial Tubos de arterias de resistencia Ratón

The control of blood flow by the resistance vasculature regulates the supply of oxygen and nutrients concomitant with the removal of metabolic ...

Isolation and Culture of Dental Epithelial Stem Cells from the Adult Mouse Incisor

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie tooth regeneration and renewal has become a topic of great interest1-4, and the mouse incisor provides a model for these processes. This remarkable organ grows continuously throughout the animal&#39;s life and generates all the necessary cell types from active pools of adult stem cells housed in the labial (toward the lip) and lingual (toward the tongue) cervical loop (CL) regions. Only the dental stem cells from the labial CL give rise to ameloblasts that generate enamel, the outer covering of teeth, on the labial surface. This asymmetric enamel formation allows abrasion at the incisor tip, and progenitors and stem cells in the proximal incisor ensure that the dental tissues are constantly replenished. The ability to isolate and grow these progenitor or stem cells in vitro allows their expansion and opens doors to numerous experiments not achievable in vivo, such as high throughput testing of potential stem cell regulatory factors. Here, we describe and demonstrate a reliable and consistent method to culture cells from the labial CL of the mouse incisor.

The continuously growing mouse incisor provides a model for studying renewal of dental tissues from dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs). A robust system for consistently and reliably obtaining these cells from the incisor and expanding them in vitro is reported here.

Aislamiento y cultivo de células madre epiteliales dental del adulto Ratón Incisivo

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie tooth regeneration and renewal has become a topic of great interest1-4, and the mouse ...

Isolation of Small Noncoding RNAs from Human Serum

The analysis of RNA and its expression is a common feature in many laboratories. Of significance is the emergence of small RNAs like microRNAs, which are found in mammalian cells. These small RNAs are potent gene regulators controlling vital pathways such as growth, development and death and much interest has been directed at their expression in bodily fluids. This is due to their dysregulation in human diseases such as cancer and their potential application as serum biomarkers. However, the analysis of miRNA expression in serum may be problematic. In most cases the amount of serum is limiting and serum contains low amounts of total RNA, of which small RNAs only constitute 0.4-0.5%1. Thus the isolation of sufficient amounts of quality RNA from serum is a major challenge to researchers today. In this technical paper, we demonstrate a method which uses only 400 &#181;l of human serum to obtain sufficient RNA for either DNA arrays or qPCR analysis. The advantages of this method are its simplicity and ability to yield high quality RNA. It requires no specialized columns for purification of small RNAs and utilizes general reagents and hardware found in common laboratories. Our method utilizes a Phase Lock Gel to eliminate phenol contamination while at the same time yielding high quality RNA. We also introduce an additional step to further remove all contaminants during the isolation step. This protocol is very effective in isolating yields of total RNA of up to 100 ng/&#181;l from serum but can also be adapted for other biological tissues.

This protocol describes a method for extracting small RNAs from human serum. We have used this method to isolate microRNAs from cancer serum for use in DNA arrays and also singleplex quantitative PCR. The protocol utilizes phenol and guanidinium thiocyanate reagents with modifications to yield high quality RNA.

El aislamiento de los pequeños RNAs no codificantes de suero humano

The analysis of RNA and its expression is a common feature in many laboratories. Of significance is the emergence of small RNAs like microRNAs, which are ...

Isolation of Mitochondria from Minimal Quantities of Mouse Skeletal Muscle for High Throughput Microplate Respiratory Measurements

Dysfunctional skeletal muscle mitochondria play a role in altered metabolism observed with aging, obesity and Type II diabetes. Mitochondrial respirometric assays from isolated mitochondrial preparations allow for the assessment of mitochondrial function, as well as determination of the mechanism(s) of action of drugs and proteins that modulate metabolism. Current isolation procedures often require large quantities of tissue to yield high quality mitochondria necessary for respirometric assays. The methods presented herein describe how high quality purified mitochondria (~ 450 &#181;g) can be isolated from minimal quantities (~75-100 mg) of mouse skeletal muscle for use in high throughput respiratory measurements. We determined that our isolation method yields 92.5&#177; 2.0% intact mitochondria by measuring citrate synthase activity spectrophotometrically. In addition, Western blot analysis in isolated mitochondria resulted in the faint expression of the cytosolic protein, GAPDH, and the robust expression of the mitochondrial protein, COXIV. The absence of a prominent GAPDH band in the isolated mitochondria is indicative of little contamination from non-mitochondrial sources during the isolation procedure. Most importantly, the measurement of O2 consumption rate with micro-plate based technology and determining the respiratory control ratio (RCR) for coupled respirometric assays shows highly coupled (RCR; &#62;6 for all assays) and functional mitochondria. In conclusion, the addition of a separate mincing step and significantly reducing motor driven homogenization speed of a previously reported method has allowed the isolation of high quality and purified mitochondria from smaller quantities of mouse skeletal muscle that results in highly coupled mitochondria that respire with high function during microplate based respirometirc assays.

Here, we present a modification of a previously reported method that allows for the isolation of high quality and purified mitochondria from smaller quantities of mouse skeletal muscle. This procedure results in highly coupled mitochondria that respire with high function during microplate based respirometirc assays.

Aislamiento de mitocondrias a partir de cantidades mínimas de ratón músculo esquelético para mediciones de alto rendimiento de microplacas Respiratorias

Dysfunctional skeletal muscle mitochondria play a role in altered metabolism observed with aging, obesity and Type II diabetes. Mitochondrial ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Mouse Keratinocytes from Neonatal and Adult Mouse Skin

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin defense by forming an intact skin barrier against environmental insults, such as UVB irradiation or pathogens, and also by initiating an inflammatory response upon those insults. Here we describe methods to isolate KCs from neonatal mouse skin and from adult mouse tail skin. We also describe culturing conditions using defined growth supplements (dGS) in comparison to chelexed fetal bovine serum (cFBS). Functionally, we show that both neonatal and adult KCs are highly responsive to high calcium-induced terminal differentiation, tight junction formation and stratification. Additionally, cultured adult KCs are susceptible to UVB-triggered cell death and can release large amounts of TNF upon UVB irradiation. Together, the methods described here will be useful to researchers for the setup of in vitro models to study epidermal biology in the neonatal mouse and/or the adult mouse.

Epidermal keratinocytes form a functional skin barrier and are positioned at the front line of host defense against external environmental insults. Here we describe methods for isolation and primary culture of epidermal keratinocytes from neonatal and adult mouse skin, and induction of terminal differentiation and UVB-triggered inflammatory response from keratinocytes.

Aislamiento y cultivo de queratinocitos de ratón primario de piel de ratón neonatal y adulto

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin ...

Isolation and Characterization of Adult Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts

Cardiac fibrosis in response to injury is a physiological response to wound healing. Efforts have been made to study and target fibroblast subtypes that mitigate fibrosis. However, fibroblast research has been hindered due to the lack of universally acceptable fibroblast markers to identify quiescent as well as activated fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are a heterogenous cell population, making them difficult to isolate and characterize. The presented protocol describes three different methods to enrich fibroblasts and myofibroblasts from uninjured and injured mouse hearts. Using a standard and reliable protocol to isolate fibroblasts will enable the study of their roles in homeostasis as well as fibrosis modulation.

Obtaining a pure population of fibroblasts is crucial to studying their role in wound repair and fibrosis. Described here is a detailed method to isolate fibroblasts and myofibroblasts from uninjured and injured mouse hearts followed by characterization of their purity and functionality by immunofluorescence, RTPCR, fluorescence-assisted cell sorting, and collagen gel contraction.

Aislamiento y caracterización de fibroblastos cardíacos adultos y miofibroblastos

Cardiac fibrosis in response to injury is a physiological response to wound healing. Efforts have been made to study and target fibroblast subtypes that ...