Name: method for the assessment of effects of a range of wavelengths and intensities of red/near-infrared light therapy on oxidative stress in vitro
Uploaded: 2015-03-21T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Method for the Assessment of Effects of a Range of Wavelengths and Intensities of Red/near-infrared Light Therapy on Oxidative Stress In Vitro at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Neurotrauma Research Program (Western Australia). This project is funded through the Road Trauma Trust Account, but does not reflect views or recommendations of the Road Safety Council.

1.光学校正：测量光输出<ol><li>为了制备所述光递送装置，连接宽带光源（ 例如 ，氙或钨灯），以适当的电源。定位在光源的前面的准直透镜，以产生的光的准直光束。通过液体热过滤通过的光以从光束去除大部分的热量。根据不同的应用，聚焦准直光束上的入口孔的液体光导的，这提供了更灵活的递送的光的（ 例如 ，到一个培养箱）。 </li><li>在液体光导的另一端，定位一个第?...

<ol>
	<li>Gutterman, D. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondria+and+reactive+oxygen+species+an+evolution+in+function.">Mitochondria and reactive oxygen species an evolution in function.</a> Circulation research. 97, 302-304 (2005).</li><li>Camello-Almaraz, C., Gomez-Pinilla, P. J., Pozo, M. J., Camello, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+reactive+oxygen+species+and+Ca2++signaling.">Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ signaling.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology. 291, C1082-C1088 (2006).</li><li>Kowaltowski, A. J., de Souza-Pinto, N. C., Castilho, R. F., Vercesi, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondria+and+reactive+oxygen+species.">Mitochondria and reactive oxygen species.</a> Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 47, 333-343 (2009).</li><li>Coyle, J. T., Puttfarcken, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxidative+stress,+glutamate,+and+neurodegenerative+disorders.">Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders.</a> Science. 262, 689-695 (1993).</li><li>Doble, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+excitotoxicity+in+neurodegenerative+disease:+implications+for+therapy.">The role of excitotoxicity in neurodegenerative disease: implications for therapy.</a> Pharmacology &amp; therapeutics. 81, 163-221 (1999).</li><li>Hall, E. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antioxidant+therapies+for+acute+spinal+cord+injury.">Antioxidant therapies for acute spinal cord injury.</a> Neurotherapeutics. 8, 152-167 (2011).</li><li>Jia, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxidative+stress+in+spinal+cord+injury+and+antioxidant-based+intervention.">Oxidative stress in spinal cord injury and antioxidant-based intervention.</a> Spinal Cord. 50, 264-274 (2012).</li><li>Fitzgerald, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Red/near-infrared+irradiation+therapy+for+treatment+of+central+nervous+system+injuries+and+disorders.">Red/near-infrared irradiation therapy for treatment of central nervous system injuries and disorders.</a> Reviews in the Neurosciences. 24, 205-226 (2013).</li><li>Rutar, M., Natoli, R., Albarracin, R., Valter, K., Provis, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=670-nm+light+treatment+reduces+complement+propagation+following+retinal+degeneration.">670-nm light treatment reduces complement propagation following retinal degeneration.</a> J Neuroinflammation. 9, 257 (2012).</li><li>Eells, J. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapeutic+photobiomodulation+for+methanol-induced+retinal+toxicity.">Therapeutic photobiomodulation for methanol-induced retinal toxicity.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100, 3439-3444 (2003).</li><li>Begum, R., Powner, M. B., Hudson, N., Hogg, C., Jeffery, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+with+670+nm+light+up+regulates+cytochrome+C+oxidase+expression+and+reduces+inflammation+in+an+age-related+macular+degeneration+model.">Treatment with 670 nm light up regulates cytochrome C oxidase expression and reduces inflammation in an age-related macular degeneration model.</a> PloS one. 8, e57828 (2013).</li><li>Byrnes, K. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Light+promotes+regeneration+and+functional+recovery+and+alters+the+immune+response+after+spinal+cord+injury.">Light promotes regeneration and functional recovery and alters the immune response after spinal cord injury.</a> Lasers in surgery and medicine. 36, 171-185 (2005).</li><li>Liang, H. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photobiomodulation+partially+rescues+visual+cortical+neurons+from+cyanide-induced+apoptosis.">Photobiomodulation partially rescues visual cortical neurons from cyanide-induced apoptosis.</a> Neuroscience. 139, 639-649 (2006).</li><li>Zivin, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effectiveness+and+safety+of+transcranial+laser+therapy+for+acute+ischemic+stroke.">Effectiveness and safety of transcranial laser therapy for acute ischemic stroke.</a> Stroke. 40, 1359-1364 (2009).</li><li>Lapchak, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcranial+near-infrared+laser+therapy+applied+to+promote+clinical+recovery+in+acute+and+chronic+neurodegenerative+diseases.">Transcranial near-infrared laser therapy applied to promote clinical recovery in acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases.</a> Expert review of medical devices. 9, 71-83 (2012).</li><li>Chung, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+nuts+and+bolts+of+low-level+laser+(light)+therapy.">The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy.</a> Annals of biomedical engineering. 40, 516-533 (2012).</li><li>Wu, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-Level+Laser+Therapy+for+Closed-Head+Traumatic+Brain+Injury+in+Mice:+Effect+of+Different+Wavelengths.">Low-Level Laser Therapy for Closed-Head Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice: Effect of Different Wavelengths.</a> Lasers in surgery and medicine. 44, 218-226 (2012).</li><li>Hashmi, J. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+low-level+laser+therapy+in+neurorehabilitation.">Role of low-level laser therapy in neurorehabilitation.</a> PM&amp;R. 2, S292-S305 (2010).</li><li>Fitzgerald, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metallothionein-IIA+promotes+neurite+growth+via+the+megalin+receptor.">Metallothionein-IIA promotes neurite growth via the megalin receptor.</a> Experimental Brain Research. 183, 171-180 (2007).</li><li>Fitzgerald, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Near+infrared+light+reduces+oxidative+stress+and+preserves+function+in+CNS+tissue+vulnerable+to+secondary+degeneration+following+partial+transection+of+the+optic+nerve.">Near infrared light reduces oxidative stress and preserves function in CNS tissue vulnerable to secondary degeneration following partial transection of the optic nerve.</a> Journal of neurotrauma. 27, 2107-2119 (2010).</li><li>Ando, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-level+laser+therapy+for+spinal+cord+injury+in+rats:+effects+of+polarization.">Low-level laser therapy for spinal cord injury in rats: effects of polarization.</a> Journal of biomedical. 18, 098002 (2013).</li><li>Lanzafame, R. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reciprocity+of+exposure+time+and+irradiance+on+energy+density+during+photoradiation+on+wound+healing+in+a+murine+pressure+ulcer+model.">Reciprocity of exposure time and irradiance on energy density during photoradiation on wound healing in a murine pressure ulcer model.</a> Lasers in surgery and medicine. 39, 534-542 (2007).</li><li>Castano, A. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-level+laser+therapy+for+zymosan+induced+arthritis+in+rats:+Importance+of+illumination+time.">Low-level laser therapy for zymosan induced arthritis in rats: Importance of illumination time.</a> Lasers in surgery and medicine. 39, 543-550 (2007).</li></ol>

我们已经成功地适应了精确和校准的光传输系统，以提供一种机制，用于对R / NIR-LT 在体外优化的研究。的R波长和强度的参数/ NIR-LT能够被准确有效地操纵使用这个系统。我们建立了光治疗的细胞并没有导致细胞死亡，尽管ROS没有减少在输送的波长和剂量，在测试的细胞类型。当前系统在670nm处（20.11W /米2）实现的最大强度在过量照射的外显率的先前公布的措施到大鼠脑，其中1.17瓦...

活性氧（ROS）的所需要的各种信号转导途径和细胞代谢的正常反应，包括那些神经保护1。然而，当内源性抗氧化机制无法控制ROS的产生，细胞可能会屈从于氧化应激2,3。损伤后的中枢神经系统，在ROS和氧化应激的存在相关联的增加被认为在损伤4,5的进展显着的作用。尽管用于衰减已评估氧 ​​化应激策略的广泛的数目，目前有用于以下神经外伤6衰减ROS产生和相关的氧化应激在临床使用中没有完全有效，临床相关抗氧化剂的策略。因此氧化应激的衰减仍是治疗介入7的一个重要目标。 后续的改进荷兰国际集团的R / NIR-LT已经报道了在广泛的伤害和疾病，包括减少心肌梗死面积，糖尿病期间肾和肝的并发症，视网膜变性，中枢神经系统损伤和中风8，或许通过减少氧化应激。特别是关于CNS损伤，670nm处光的功效的临床前研究已经显示在视网膜变性9-11，脊髓损伤12，神经元死亡13的模型良好的效果。临床试验已经进行了干性年龄相关性黄斑变性和目前正在进行对于中风14，但是这些试验的结果不出现希望的，或许是由于未能采用有效的治疗参数15。因此，R / NIR-LT并没有被广泛采用作为在神经外伤正常临床实践的一部分，尽管是一种简单的施用，非侵入性的和相对便宜的治疗方法。障碍的临床翻译，包括缺乏CL的早知道行动规范有效的治疗方案16,17和缺乏机制。关于光疗法目前的文献揭示了过多的变化治疗参数相对于照射源（LED或激光），波长（ 例如 ，630，670，780，810，830，880，904nm），照射总剂量（焦耳/单位面积），持续时间（曝光时间），定时（前或后损伤），治疗的频率和传递模式（脉冲或连续）8。在研究之间的治疗参数的变化，使比较困难，已经向有关的功效持怀疑态度16贡献。 因此，R / NIR-LT的优化显然需要，与细胞培养系统能够提供必要的比较的多个变量的高通量筛选的机制。然而也有一些市售的照明系统，可以提供足够的灵活性和控制わvelength和强度进行这样的优化实验。市售的LED器件通常是不能够提供多个波长或强度，从而导致研究者使用来自不同制造商，其可以不仅在强度变化的多个LED器件，而且光发射的波长的光谱。我们已通过使用宽带氙光源透过窄带干涉滤光片过滤，从而产生范围内的波长和光的能量密度，从而允许R / NIR-LT的参数密切，精确控制解决了这一问题。 要注意的是治疗的治疗剂量由光子与photoacceptor（发色团），其中在R / NIR-LT的情况下被假定为细胞色素C氧化酶（COX）18相互作用的数目定义是很重要的。输送光子能量随波长;意相等剂量的能量以不同的波长将是玉米珍贵的不同数量的光子的。因此，从装置发射的光被校准以发射相等数目的光子的每个所选择的波长进行测试。我们已开发了可用于递送的R / NIR-LT在一定范围的波长和强度，以细胞在体外的系统和演示来测量递送的R /对ROS产生NIR-LT在细胞经受影响的能力谷氨酸压力。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>OxiSelect Intracellular ROS Assay Kit (Green Fluorescence)</td>
			<td>Cell Biolabs</td>
			<td>STA-342</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amplex UltraRed Reagent</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>A36006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>300 Watt Xenon Arc Lamp</td>
			<td>Newport Corporation</td>
			<td>6258</td>
			<td>Very intense light source, do not look directly into the lamp. Ensure there is sufficient cooling to the lamp whilst it is switched on</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>USB4000-FL Fluorescence Spectrometer</td>
			<td>Ocean Optics</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CC-3-UV Cosine Corrector for Emission Collection</td>
			<td>Ocean Optics</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>200&#956;m diameter quartz fibre optic</td>
			<td>Ocean Optics</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SpectraSuite Spectroscopy Platform</td>
			<td>Ocean Optics</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2300 EnSpire Multimode Plate Reader</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>23225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>9002-93-1</td>
			<td>Acute toxicity, wear gloves when handling.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt hydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>142-47-2 (anhydrous)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pheochromocytoma rat adrenal medulla (PC12) cells</td>
			<td>American Type Culture Collection</td>
			<td>CRL-2522</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI1640) Media</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11875-119</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum, certified, heat inactivated, US origin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10082-147</td>
			<td>Warm to 37&#176;C in water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Horse Serum, New Zealand origin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>16050-122</td>
			<td>Warm to 37&#176;C in water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GlutaMAX Supplement</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>35050-061</td>
			<td>Warm to 37&#176;C in water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100 mM Sodium Pyruvate</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11360-070</td>
			<td>Warm to 37&#176;C in water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>Warm to 37&#176;C in water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100X MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids Solution</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11140-050</td>
			<td>Warm to 37&#176;C in water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Retinal Muller (rMC1) cells</td>
			<td>University of California, San Diego</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11965-118</td>
			<td>Warm to 37&#176;C in water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>75cm2 Flasks</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>B4-BE-353136</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>25988-63-0</td>
			<td>Aliquot and store at -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hank&#39;s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14025-134</td>
			<td>Warm to 37&#176;C in water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10010-049</td>
			<td>Warm to 37&#176;C in water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminin Mouse Protein, Natural</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>23017-015</td>
			<td>Aliquot and store at -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1X Neurobasal Medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>21103-049</td>
			<td>Warm to 37&#176;C in water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue Solution, 0.4%</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15250-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>165U Papain</td>
			<td>Worthington</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Cysteine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>W326305</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning 96 well plates, clear bottom, black</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>CLS3603-48EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Costar Clear Polystyrene 96-Well Plates Untreated; Well shape: Round; Sterile.</td>
			<td>Costar</td>
			<td>07-200-103</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Seesaw Rocker</td>
			<td>Standard lab epuipment</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Standard lab epuipment</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neutral Density Filter Paper (0.3)</td>
			<td>THORLABS</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>442nm Bandpass Filter</td>
			<td>THORLABS</td>
			<td>FL441.6-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>550nm Bandpass Filter</td>
			<td>THORLABS</td>
			<td>FB550-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>670nm Bandpass Filter</td>
			<td>THORLABS</td>
			<td>FB670-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>810nm Bandpass Filter</td>
			<td>THORLABS</td>
			<td>FB810-10e</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Unmounted &#216;25 mm Absorptive Neutral Density Filters (0.1)</td>
			<td>THORLABS</td>
			<td>NE01B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Unmounted &#216;25 mm Absorptive Neutral Density Filters (0.2)</td>
			<td>THORLABS</td>
			<td>NE02B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Unmounted &#216;25 mm Absorptive Neutral Density Filters (0.3)</td>
			<td>THORLABS</td>
			<td>NE03B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Unmounted &#216;25 mm Absorptive Neutral Density Filters (0.5)</td>
			<td>THORLABS</td>
			<td>NE05B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Unmounted &#216;25 mm Absorptive Neutral Density Filters (0.6)</td>
			<td>THORLABS</td>
			<td>NE06B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Unmounted &#216;25 mm Absorptive Neutral Density Filters (1.0)</td>
			<td>THORLABS</td>
			<td>NE10B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

method for the assessment of effects of a range of wavelengths and intensities of red/near-infrared light therapy on oxidative stress in vitro

红/近红外光疗法（R / NIR-LT），通过激光或发光二极管（LED）的递送，可能通过减少氧化应激改善功能和形态学效果的范围内的中枢神经系统损伤的体内 ，的。然而，在氧化应激的R / NIR-LT的作用已被证明取决于波长或辐射的强度而变化。在比较治疗参数的研究缺乏，由于缺乏能够提供多个波长或强度，适用于通过量高的体外优化研究商用设备。这个协议描述了用于递送光的技术在一定范围的波长和强度，以优化所需的一个给定的损伤模型治疗剂量。我们假设，提供光的方法，其中波长和强度参数可以很容易地被改变，可以促进确定的R / NIR-LT的最佳剂量的减少活性氧（ROS）的体外。 非相干氙光通过窄带干涉滤光片过滤，以提供不同的波长（440，550，670的中心波长和810纳米）和能量密度（8.5×10 -3至3.8×10 -1焦耳/ cm 2）的光的向培养的细胞中。从该装置的光输出被校准以发射治疗相关，等于量子剂量的光的每个波长。检测反应性物质在谷氨酸强调与光处理的细胞，用DCFH-DA和H 2 O 2的敏感的荧光染料。 我们成功地在一个范围内的生理学和治疗相关的波长和强度的光传递，以暴露于谷氨酸作为CNS损伤模型的培养细胞。而R / NIR-LT在当前研究中使用没有施加由培养的细胞产生的活性氧的效果的能量密度，轻的递送方法也适用于其他SYSTEMS包括分离线粒体或多种生理上相关的器官切片培养模型，并且可以用来评估的范围内的氧化代谢的结果的措施的效果。

使用中性密度滤光片，以照射细胞的范围内的能量密度包含先前证明是有益的体内 （0.3焦耳/厘米2）20 670nm处的光的剂量的光在670nm处的波长传送的输出进行校准。作为在光源增加前中性密度滤光片的数量，强度（W /米2）降低，从而允许更少的光传递到目标区域。表1给出了670nm处的光的从装有一个波长滤光器，光源产生的校正数据，并包括用于ND过滤器的数量和光的作为结?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Method for the Assessment of Effects of a Range of Wavelengths and Intensities of Red/near-infrared Light Therapy on Oxidative Stress In Vitro at JoVE.com

Method for the Assessment of Effects of a Range of Wavelengths and Intensities of Red/near-infrared Light Therapy on Oxidative Stress In Vitro

Non-coherent Xenon light was passed through narrow-band interference and neutral density filters to deliver light of varying wavelength and intensity to cultured cells. This protocol was used to assess the effects of red/near-infrared light therapy on production of reactive species in vitro: no effects were observed using the tested parameters.

对于波长和红/近红外光治疗对氧化应激强度的范围影响的评估方法<em&gt;在体外</em

Red/near-infrared light therapy (R/NIR-LT), delivered by laser or light emitting diode (LED), improves functional and morphological outcomes in a range of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Method for the Assessment of Effects of a Range of Wavelengths and Intensities of Red/near-infrared Light Therapy on Oxidative Stress In Vitro

A Behavioral Assay to Measure Responsiveness of Zebrafish to Changes in Light Intensities 

斑马鱼的响应行为的检测，以测量光强的变化

The optokinetic reflex (OKR) is a basic visual reflex exhibited by most vertebrates and plays an important role in stabilizing the eye relative to the ...

科研

生物学

Biochemical Titration of Glycogen In vitro

Biochemical Titration of Glycogen In vitro

糖原生化滴定<em&gt;在体外</em

Glycogen is the main energetic polymer of glucose in vertebrate animals and plays a crucial role in whole body metabolism as well as in cellular ...

Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos

在斑马鱼胚胎氧化应激分析

High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may cause a change of cellular redox state towards oxidative stress condition. This situation causes ...

Quantitation of Endothelial Cell Adhesiveness In Vitro

Quantitation of Endothelial Cell Adhesiveness In Vitro

内皮细胞粘附性定量<em&gt;在体外</em

One of the cardinal processes of inflammation is the infiltration of immune cells from the lumen of the blood vessel to the surrounding tissue. This ...

Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication: A Functional Biomarker to Assess Adverse Effects of Toxicants and Toxins, and Health Benefits of Natural Products

间隙连接通讯：天然产物的生物标志物的功能，以评估毒物和毒素的不利影响，以及健康的益处

This protocol describes a scalpel loading-fluorescent dye transfer (SL-DT) technique that measures intercellular communication through gap junction ...

Filtration Isolation of Nucleic Acids:  A Simple and Rapid DNA Extraction Method

核酸的分离过滤：一种简单快速的DNA提取方法

FINA, filtration isolation of nucleic acids, is a novel extraction method which utilizes vertical filtration via a separation membrane and absorbent pad ...

Analysis of the Gap Junction-dependent Transfer of miRNA with 3D-FRAP Microscopy

用3D-FRAP显微镜分析miRNA的间隙连接依赖性转移

Small antisense RNAs, like miRNA and siRNA, play an important role in cellular physiology and pathology and, moreover, can be used as therapeutic agents ...

A Method to Assess Bacteriocin Effects on the Gut Microbiota of Mice

评估细菌素对小鼠肠道微生物的影响的方法

Very intriguing questions arise with our advancing knowledge on gut microbiota composition and the relationship with health, particularly relating to the ...

Investigating the Detrimental Effects of Low Pressure Plasma Sterilization on the Survival of Bacillus subtilis Spores Using Live Cell Microscopy

Investigating the Detrimental Effects of Low Pressure Plasma Sterilization on the Survival of Bacillus subtilis Spores Using Live Cell Microscopy

用活细胞显微镜研究低压等离子体灭菌对枯草芽孢杆菌孢子存活的不利影响

Plasma sterilization is a promising alternative to conventional sterilization methods for industrial, clinical, and spaceflight purposes. Low pressure ...

Medium-throughput Screening Assays for Assessment of Effects on Ca2+-Signaling and Acrosome Reaction in Human Sperm

Medium-throughput Screening Assays for Assessment of Effects on Ca2+-Signaling and Acrosome Reaction in Human Sperm

中通量筛选法评估对精子中 ca2 +信号和反应的影响

Ca2+-signaling is essential to normal sperm cell function and male fertility. Similarly, the acrosome reaction is vital for the ability of a human sperm ...