Name: electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa) for the study of rna-protein interactions: the ire/irp example
Uploaded: 2014-12-03T16:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA for the Study of RNA-Protein Interactions: The IRE/IRP Example at JoVE.com

This work was supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (MOP-86514).

小鼠实验程序批准了麦吉尔大学（协议4966）的动物护理委员会。 1.准备从培养细胞蛋白提取物<ol><li>用10毫升冰冷的磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）洗两次培养的细胞。 </li><li>刮贴壁细胞与任一橡皮或塑料细胞刮棒在1ml冰冷的PBS，转印悬浮到1.5ml微量离心管中。 </li><li>旋在微量离心5分钟，于700×g离心，于4℃。吸PBS。 </li><li>加入100微升冰冷的细胞质裂解缓冲液（ 见表1）</strong...

<ol>
	<li>Fried, M., Crothers, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Equilibria+and+kinetics+of+lac+repressor-operator+interactions+by+polyacrylamide+gel+electrophoresis.">Equilibria and kinetics of lac repressor-operator interactions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.</a> Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 6505-6525 (1981).</li><li>Garner, M. M., Revzin, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+gel+electrophoresis+method+for+quantifying+the+binding+of+proteins+to+specific+DNA+regions:+application+to+components+of+the+Escherichia+coli+lactose+operon+regulatory+system.">A gel electrophoresis method for quantifying the binding of proteins to specific DNA regions: application to components of the Escherichia coli lactose operon regulatory system.</a> Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 3047-3060 (1981).</li><li>Ryder, S. P., Recht, M. I., Williamson, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+analysis+of+protein-RNA+interactions+by+gel+mobility+shift.">Quantitative analysis of protein-RNA interactions by gel mobility shift.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 488, 99-115 (2008).</li><li>Hellman, L. M., Fried, M. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrophoretic+mobility+shift+assay+(EMSA)+for+detecting+protein-nucleic+acid+interactions.">Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) for detecting protein-nucleic acid interactions.</a> Nat Protoc. 2, 1849-1861 (2007).</li><li>Luscieti, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+mutations+in+the+ferritin-L+iron-responsive+element+that+only+mildly+impair+IRP+binding+cause+hereditary+hyperferritinaemia+cataract+syndrome.">Novel mutations in the ferritin-L iron-responsive element that only mildly impair IRP binding cause hereditary hyperferritinaemia cataract syndrome.</a> Orphanet J Rare Dis. 8, 30 (2013).</li><li>Rio, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Filter-binding assay for analysis of RNA-protein interactions. 2012, 1078-1081 (2012).</li><li>Wang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Iron-mediated+degradation+of+IRP2:+an+unexpected+pathway+involving+a+2-oxoglutarate-dependent+oxygenase+activity.">Iron-mediated degradation of IRP2: an unexpected pathway involving a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase activity.</a> Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 954-965 (2004).</li><li>Leibold, E. A., Munro, H. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cytoplasmic+protein+binds+in+vitro+to+a+highly+conserved+sequence+in+the+5'+untranslated+regions+of+ferritin+heavy-+and+light-subunit+mRNAs.">Cytoplasmic protein binds in vitro to a highly conserved sequence in the 5' untranslated regions of ferritin heavy- and light-subunit mRNAs.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85, 2171-2175 (1988).</li><li>Haile, D. J., Hentze, M. W., Rouault, T. A., Harford, J. B., Klausner, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+interaction+of+the+iron-responsive+element+binding+protein+with+iron-responsive+RNA+elements.">Regulation of interaction of the iron-responsive element binding protein with iron-responsive RNA elements.</a> Mol. Cell. Biol. 9, 5055-5061 (1989).</li><li>Mueller, S., Pantopoulos, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+iron+regulatory+protein-1+(IRP1)+by+oxidative+stress.">Activation of iron regulatory protein-1 (IRP1) by oxidative stress.</a> Methods Enzymol. 348, 324-337 (2002).</li><li>Wang, J., Pantopoulos, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+cellular+iron+metabolism.">Regulation of cellular iron metabolism.</a> Biochem J. 434, 365-381 (2011).</li><li>Hentze, M. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+the+iron-responsive+element+for+the+translational+regulation+of+human+ferritin+mRNA.">Identification of the iron-responsive element for the translational regulation of human ferritin mRNA.</a> Science. 238, 1570-1573 (1987).</li><li>Casey, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Iron-responsive+elements:+regulatory+RNA+sequences+that+control+mRNA+levels+and+translation.">Iron-responsive elements: regulatory RNA sequences that control mRNA levels and translation.</a> Science. 240, 924-928 (1988).</li><li>Dandekar, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+a+novel+iron-responsive+element+in+murine+and+human+erythroid+d-aminolevulinic+acid+synthase+mRNA.">Identification of a novel iron-responsive element in murine and human erythroid d-aminolevulinic acid synthase mRNA.</a> EMBO J. 10, 1903-1909 (1991).</li><li>Gray, N. K., Pantopoulos, K., Dandekar, T., Ackrell, B. A. C., Hentze, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Translational+regulation+of+mammalian+and+drosophila+citric+acid+cycle+enzymes+via+iron-responsive+elements.">Translational regulation of mammalian and drosophila citric acid cycle enzymes via iron-responsive elements.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93, 4925-4930 (1996).</li><li>McKie, A. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+duodenal+iron-regulated+transporter+IREG1,+implicated+in+the+basolateral+transfer+of+iron+to+the+circulation.">A novel duodenal iron-regulated transporter IREG1, implicated in the basolateral transfer of iron to the circulation.</a> Mol. Cell. 5, 299-309 (2000).</li><li>Gunshin, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cloning+and+characterization+of+a+mammalian+protein-coupled+metal-ion+transporter.">Cloning and characterization of a mammalian protein-coupled metal-ion transporter.</a> Nature. 388, 482-488 (1997).</li><li>Sanchez, M., Galy, B., Muckenthaler, M. U., Hentze, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Iron-regulatory+proteins+limit+hypoxia-inducible+factor-2alpha+expression+in+iron+deficiency.">Iron-regulatory proteins limit hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha expression in iron deficiency.</a> Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 14, 420-426 (2007).</li><li>Sanchez, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Iron+regulation+and+the+cell+cycle:+Identification+of+an+iron-responsive+element+in+the+3'-untranslated+region+of+human+cell+division+cycle+14A+mRNA+by+a+refined+microarray-based+screening+strategy.">Iron regulation and the cell cycle: Identification of an iron-responsive element in the 3'-untranslated region of human cell division cycle 14A mRNA by a refined microarray-based screening strategy.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 281, 22865-22874 (2006).</li><li>Santos, C. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+iron+responsive+element-like+stem-loop+regulates+alpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing+protein+mRNA.">An iron responsive element-like stem-loop regulates alpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein mRNA.</a> J Biol Chem. 283, 26956-26964 (2008).</li><li>Liu, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Siderophore-mediated+iron+trafficking+in+humans+is+regulated+by+iron.">Siderophore-mediated iron trafficking in humans is regulated by iron.</a> J Mol Med (Berl. 90, 1209-1221 (2012).</li><li>Gray, N. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recombinant+iron+regulatory+factor+functions+as+an+iron-responsive+element-binding+protein,+a+translational+repressor+and+an+aconitase.+A+functional+assay+for+translational+repression+and+direct+demonstration+of+the+iron+switch.">Recombinant iron regulatory factor functions as an iron-responsive element-binding protein, a translational repressor and an aconitase. A functional assay for translational repression and direct demonstration of the iron switch.</a> Eur. J. Biochem. 218, 657-667 (1993).</li><li>Bradford, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+rapid+and+sensitive+method+for+the+quantitation+of+microgram+quantities+of+protein+utilizing+the+principle+of+protein-dye+binding.">A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.</a> Anal. Biochem. 72, 248-254 (1976).</li><li>Testa, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+regulation+of+iron+regulatory+element-binding+protein(s)+in+cell+extracts+of+activated+lymphocytes+versus+monocytes-macrophages.">Differential regulation of iron regulatory element-binding protein(s) in cell extracts of activated lymphocytes versus monocytes-macrophages.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 266, 13925-13930 (1991).</li><li>Hentze, M. W., Rouault, T. A., Harford, J. B., Klausner, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxidation-reduction+and+the+molecular+mechanism+of+a+regulated+RNA-protein+interaction.">Oxidation-reduction and the molecular mechanism of a regulated RNA-protein interaction.</a> Science. 244, 357-359 (1989).</li><li>Meyron-Holtz, E. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+ablations+of+iron+regulatory+proteins+1+and+2+reveal+why+iron+regulatory+protein+2+dominates+iron+homeostasis.">Genetic ablations of iron regulatory proteins 1 and 2 reveal why iron regulatory protein 2 dominates iron homeostasis.</a> EMBO J. 23, 386-395 (2004).</li><li>Huang, F. W., Pinkus, J. L., Pinkus, G. S., Fleming, M. D., Andrews, N. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+mouse+model+of+juvenile+hemochromatosis.">A mouse model of juvenile hemochromatosis.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 115, 2187-2191 (2005).</li><li>Sebastiani, G., Pantopoulos, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Disorders+associated+with+systemic+or+local+iron+overload:+from+pathophysiology+to+clinical+practice.">Disorders associated with systemic or local iron overload: from pathophysiology to clinical practice.</a> Metallomics. 3, 971-986 (2011).</li><li>Galy, B., Ferring, D., Hentze, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+conditional+alleles+of+the+murine+iron+regulatory+protein+(IRP)-1+and+-2+genes.">Generation of conditional alleles of the murine iron regulatory protein (IRP)-1 and -2 genes.</a> Genesis. 43, 181-188 (2005).</li><li>Gkouvatsos, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Iron-dependent+regulation+of+hepcidin+in+Hjv-/-+mice:+Evidence+that+hemojuvelin+is+dispensable+for+sensing+body+iron+levels.">Iron-dependent regulation of hepcidin in Hjv-/- mice: Evidence that hemojuvelin is dispensable for sensing body iron levels.</a> PLoS ONE. 9, 85530 (2014).</li><li>Goforth, J. B., Anderson, S. A., Nizzi, C. P., Eisenstein, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiple+determinants+within+iron-responsive+elements+dictate+iron+regulatory+protein+binding+and+regulatory+hierarchy.">Multiple determinants within iron-responsive elements dictate iron regulatory protein binding and regulatory hierarchy.</a> RNA. 16, 154-169 (2010).</li><li>Gopinath, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mapping+of+RNA-protein+interactions.">Mapping of RNA-protein interactions.</a> Anal Chim Acta. 636, 117-128 (2009).</li></ol>

在此，我们描述了已开发研究IRP1和IRP2的IRE结合活动的协议，并且我们显示代表性数据。通过使用不同的探针，该协议也可以被用于其它RNA结合蛋白的研究调整。一个关键步骤是探针的大小。用法长探针，这是共同的时，确切的结合位点是未知的，可能会导致的RNA /蛋白质复合物不不同迁移比游离的RNA。在这种情况下，最好是通过用RNA酶T1（ 步骤6.6）处理以去除未结合的RNA。探针的质?...

在EMSA最初被开发，研究DNA结合蛋白与靶DNA序列1,2的关联。其原理是类似的RNA /蛋白质相互作用3，这是本文的重点。简言之，RNA被带负电荷并朝向阳极期间非变性电泳聚丙烯酰胺（或琼脂糖）凝胶将迁移。凝胶内的迁移取决于核糖核酸，其正比于它的电荷的大小。相比于自由RNA特异性的蛋白质的RNA的结合改变其流动性，且复杂的迁移变慢。这主要是由于增加的分子量，而且要在电荷和可能的构象的改变。利用RNA标记为探针，可以方便地监控了“凝胶阻滞”或“条带迁移”的。的32 P标记的RNA探针的使用是很常见的，并提供高灵敏度。被检测的RNA /蛋白质复合物和游离RNA的迁移通过放射自显影。缺点是：32 P（14.29天），探针的质量由于辐逐渐恶化的半衰期短，一个放射性许可证和基础设施为放射性工作，以及潜在的生物安全的担忧的要求。因此，已经开发了替代非同位素方法用于标记的RNA探针，例如用荧光团或生物素，其能够检测由荧光或化学发光成像4,5。这些方法的局限性是成本较高并且经常敏感性降低相比同位素标记和非同位素标记物的潜在干扰的RNA /蛋白质相互作用。非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶适用于大多数应用EMSA和常用。有时，琼脂糖凝胶可能造成的大型复合物的分析，另一种选择。 EMSA的主要优点在于，它结合了简单，灵敏度和鲁棒性4 &lt;/ SUP&gt;。该测定可以在几个小时内完成，并且不需要复杂的仪器。 RNA /蛋白质相互作用可通过EMSA在浓度低至0.1纳米或更小进行检测，并广泛的结合条件内（pH为4.0 - 9.5，单价盐浓度1 - 300毫米，而温度0 - 60℃）。 RNA /蛋白质复合物的形成，也可以由滤波器结合测定研究。这是基于对RNA /蛋白质复合物中的硝化纤维过滤器中的保留一个简单，快速，和便宜的程序，而自由RNA探针穿过6。相比EMSA，它的情况下将RNA探针含有多个结合位点，或粗提取物包含一个以上的RNA结合蛋白结合的探针在同一地点的限制。而多的RNA /蛋白质相互作用会逃过检测由滤波器结合测定中，它们可以容易地通过EMSA观察。在某些情况下，可视化前夕n个可能时两个RNA /蛋白质复合物共迁移（例如，人类IRP1 / IRE和IRP2 / IRE复合物）中，加入的抗体对RNA结合蛋白的EMSA反应之一，在凝胶上产生进一步的延迟（ “超迁移”）7。 在EMSA已广泛用于研究IRP1和IRP2，这是铁代谢8-10转录后调节器。它们的工作由几个11的mRNA的非编码区中结合IRES，系统发育保守的发夹结构。 IRE有时首先在编码铁蛋白12和转铁蛋白受体1（TFR1）13，铁贮存和吸收，分别为蛋白质的mRNA的发现。稍后，IRE有时被发现在红细胞特异性氨基乙酰丙酸合成酶 （ALAS2）14，线粒体乌头15，铁转运蛋白16， 二价金属转运蛋白1（DMT1）17，缺氧诱导因子2 <e米&gt;α（HIF2α）18，以及其他的mRNA 19-21。原型H和L-铁的mRNA包含在其5 1 IRE&#39;UTR，而TFR1基因包含在其3多IRE有时&#39;UTR。 IRE / IRP的相互作用特异性抑制铁蛋白mRNA的翻译在空间上阻断43S核糖体亚基及其相关;此外，他们稳定TFR1反对内切裂解的mRNA。 IRP1和IRP2份额广泛的序列相似性，并表现出铁饥饿细胞高IRE结合活性。在铁充足的细胞，IRP1组装转换它到胞质乌头在其IRE结合活性为代价一立方烷的Fe-S簇，而IRP2经历蛋白酶体降解。因此，IRE / IRP相互作用取决于蜂窝铁状态，但也受其它信号，如H 2 O 2，一氧化氮（NO）或缺氧。在这里，我们描述了协议，以评估IRE-结合活性从原油细胞和组织的提取物用EMSA。我们使用的是通过体外转录从质粒DNA模板（I-12.CAT），其中IRE序列由最初引入有义方向的T7 RNA聚合酶位点下游生成一个32 P-标记的H-铁蛋白的IRE探针克隆退火合成寡核苷酸22。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="430">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;width:195px;">Name of the Materials&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Catalog Number&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">leupeptin</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>L2884</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">PMSF</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td align="right">78830</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">BioRad Protein Assay</td>
			<td>BIORAD</td>
			<td>500-0006</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">T7 RNA polymerase</td>
			<td>Thermoscientific</td>
			<td>EPO111</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Rnase Inhibitor</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15518-012</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">UTP [alpha-32P]</td>
			<td>Perkin-Elmer</td>
			<td>NEG507H</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Scintillation liquid</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td align="right">141349</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">heparin</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>H0777</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Rnase T1</td>
			<td>Thermoscientific</td>
			<td>EN0541</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Name of the Equipments&#160;</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Tissue Ruptor</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td align="right">9001271</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Scintillation counter</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>LS6500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Protean II xi Cell&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>BIORAD</td>
			<td>165-1834</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">20 wells combs 1.5mm thick</td>
			<td>BIORAD</td>
			<td>165-1868</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">1.5 mm spacers</td>
			<td>BIORAD</td>
			<td>165-1849</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">PowerPac</td>
			<td>BIORAD</td>
			<td>164-5070</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa) for the study of rna-protein interactions: the ire/irp example

RNA /蛋白质相互作用是转录后调控途径的关键。间的最佳表征的胞质RNA结合蛋白是铁调节蛋白 ，IRP1和IRP2。它们结合到铁几个靶mRNA的非翻译区（UTR）内响应元件（IRES），从而控制的mRNA翻译或稳定性。 IRE / IRP的相互作用已被广泛研究了EMSA。在这里，我们描述了EMSA协议用于分析IRP1和IRP2的IRE结合活性，这可以推广到其他评估RNA结合蛋白的活性。含有一种RNA结合蛋白，或纯化此蛋白质的制备的粗蛋白裂解物，孵育用过量的32 P标记的RNA探针，从而允许形成复合物。肝素加入到排除非特异性蛋白探查结合。随后，将混合物通过在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶非变性电泳分析。免费探头迁移速度快，而所述RNA /蛋白质复合物表现出延迟的流动性;因此，该过程也被称为“凝胶阻滞”或“条带迁移”测定法。电泳结束后，将凝胶干燥和RNA /蛋白质复合物，以及游离的探针，通过放射自显影检测。该协议的总体目标是检测和量化的IRE / IRP和其它RNA /蛋白质相互作用。此外，EMSA也可用于确定特异性所研究的RNA /蛋白质相互作用，结合亲和力和化学计量。

放射标记的IRE探针制备，如在第3和第4的协议的说明。所述探针的序列为5&#39;-GGGCGAAUUC GAGCUCGGUA CCCGGGGAUC CUGÇUUCAAÇAGUGC UUGGA CGGAUCCU-3&#39;;粗体的核苷酸代表一个未配对的C残基和环，这是至关重要的IRE特征。探针的比放射性为4.5×10 9的cpm / RNA微克。 评估铁扰动对IRE结合活性的影响，鼠的RAW264.7巨噬细胞不进行治疗，或者与血红素（铁源）或去铁胺（铁螯合剂）...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA for the Study of RNA-Protein Interactions: The IRE/IRP Example at JoVE.com

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA for the Study of RNA-Protein Interactions: The IRE/IRP Example

凝胶电泳迁移分析（EMSA）为RNA，蛋白质相互作用的研究：IRE / IRP示例

在这里，我们提出了一个协议分析RNA /蛋白质相互作用。电泳迁移实验（EMSA）是基于RNA的/蛋白复合物和游离RNA在天然凝胶电泳迁移差异上。通过使用放射性标记的RNA探针，RNA /蛋白质复合物可以通过放射自显影进行显现。

RNA/protein interactions are critical for post-transcriptional regulatory pathways. Among the best-characterized cytosolic RNA-binding proteins are iron ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) for the Study of RNA-Protein Interactions: The IRE/IRP Example

Testing Visual Sensitivity to the Speed and Direction of Motion in Lizards

测试的速度和运动方向的视觉灵敏度在蜥蜴

Testing visual sensitivity in any species provides basic information regarding behaviour, evolution, and ecology. However, testing specific features of ...

科研

生物学

Optimized Fibrin Gel Bead Assay for the Study of Angiogenesis

优化的纤维蛋白凝胶珠检测血管生成的研究

Angiogenesis is a complex multi-step process, where, in response to angiogenic stimuli, new vessels are created from the existing vasculature.  These ...

Computer-Generated Animal Model Stimuli

计算机生成的动物模型的刺激

Communication between animals is diverse and complex. Animals may communicate using auditory, seismic, chemosensory, electrical, or visual signals. In ...

Do-It-Yourself Device for Recovery of Cryopreserved Samples Accidentally Dropped into Cryogenic Storage Tanks

做自己动手恢复冻存样品的设备不慎掉落到低温储罐

Liquid nitrogen is colorless, odorless, extremely cold (-196 &deg;C) liquid kept under pressure. It is commonly used as a cryogenic fluid for long term ...

A Liquid Phase Affinity Capture Assay Using Magnetic Beads to Study Protein-Protein Interaction: The Poliovirus-Nanobody Example

液相亲和捕获试验用磁珠研究蛋白质相互作用：脊髓灰质炎病毒的Nanobody范例

In this article, a simple, quantitative, liquid phase affinity capture assay is presented. Provided that one protein can be tagged and another protein ...

The MultiBac Protein Complex Production Platform at the EMBL

在EMBL的MultiBac蛋白质复杂的生产平台

Proteomics  research revealed the impressive complexity of eukaryotic proteomes in  unprecedented detail. It is now a commonly accepted notion that ...

Budding Yeast Protein Extraction and Purification for the Study of Function, Interactions, and Post-translational Modifications

芽殖酵母蛋白质的提取和纯化功能研究，交互和翻译后修饰

Homogenization by bead beating is a fast and efficient way to release DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites from budding yeast cells, which are notoriously ...

Combining Single-molecule Manipulation and Imaging for the Study of Protein-DNA Interactions

结合单分子操纵和成像蛋白-DNA相互作用的研究

The paper describes the combination of optical tweezers and single molecule fluorescence detection for the study of protein-DNA interaction. The method ...

Measuring the Osmotic Water Permeability Coefficient (Pf) of Spherical Cells: Isolated Plant Protoplasts as an Example

Measuring the Osmotic Water Permeability Coefficient Pf of Spherical Cells: Isolated Plant Protoplasts as an Example

测量渗透水渗透系数（P<sub&gt; F</sub&gt;）球形细胞：隔离植物原生质体为例。

Studying AQP regulation mechanisms is crucial for the understanding of water relations at both the cellular and the whole plant levels. Presented here is ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo

染色质免疫沉淀拟南芥蛋白-DNA相互作用的鉴定<em&gt;在体内</em

Intricate gene regulatory networks orchestrate biological processes and developmental transitions in plants. Selective transcriptional activation and ...