Name: handling of the cotton rat in studies for the pre-clinical evaluation of oncolytic viruses
Uploaded: 2014-11-24T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Handling of the Cotton Rat in Studies for the Pre-clinical Evaluation of Oncolytic Viruses at JoVE.com

Breanne Cuddington holds a fellowship from the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation. This work was sponsored by operating grants from the Cancer Research Society and the Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute (formerly the Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance). We thank Ann Tollefson (Saint Louis University School of Medicine) for LCRT cells and Dr. Kathleen Delaney and Marion Corrick for technical assistance with cotton rat housing and sedation.

注：使用されるプロトコルは、動物ケアのガイドラインにカナダの評議会によるとマクマスター大学で私たちの施設内動物研究倫理委員会によって承認されている。実験は、マクマスター大学、中央動物施設で実施した。 1.培養LCRT細胞<ol><li>ダルベッコ改変イーグル培地（DMEM）中で培養LCRT細胞を、10％ウシ胎児血清（FBS）、2 mM L-グルタミン、100 U / mlペニシリン?...

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Cotton rats are highly excitable and have a strong flight response. Therefore, special care should be taken to minimize any undue stress on the animal. The cage setup described will allow for safe and easy capture of the animals, with the placement of the enrichment tube being of the utmost importance. When setting up cages, ensure that the enrichment tubes meet the size and shape requirements, and are placed in proper orientation in the cage. It is also important to ensure that any technicians who might be aiding in ani...

腫瘍溶解性ウイルス（OV）を選択的に、正常細胞と腫瘍細胞1,2間の生化学的相違を利用して、腫瘍細胞中で複製する。天然に存在する野生型ウイルスと呼ばれる選択的な腫瘍崩壊を達成するために、突然変異を必要としないもの、および選択的な腫瘍崩壊を達成するように操作されなければならないもの：OVSの2種類がある。所定の腫瘍タイプ内の変異のコレクションは、OV 2のために、正常な細胞上の選択的な増殖の利点の性質を決定する。 OVSを使用することの安全性および利点は、臨床試験3-7に実証されている。腫瘍溶解性ウイルス療法の分野における進歩にもかかわらず、より良いモデルはOVSの抗腫瘍効果を評価するために必要であることを示唆し、前臨床及び臨床結果との間に隙間が存在する。 ウシヘルペスウイルス1型（BHV-1）、 ヘルペスウイルス科ファミリーのメンバー、及びAlphaherpesviridaeサブファミリーである。 BHV-1のiniti悪い風邪に似た症状が8,9、多種多様な顕在牛のATEウシ呼吸器病、。 BHV-1は、ヘパラン硫酸とネクチン1 10として、HSV-1によって使用される添付ファイルとエントリの受容体と結合する。しかし、ネクチン2 10の代わりに、CD155に特異的に結合する。 BHV-1は、それが効率的に入力して、正常および形質転換マウス細胞-3,4,10-で複製を開始することができないような非常に狭い宿主範囲を有している。これは、従来のマウスモデルの使用には問題となる。 BHV-1の腫瘍崩壊能力は、 インビトロ 11,12 に実証されている。 BHV-1で複製を開始し、セル11,12を開始乳癌細胞および乳癌を含む組織学的起源の様々なヒト腫瘍細胞を死滅させることが示されている。しかし、BHV-1の抗腫瘍容量は、免疫担当ホストのコンテキスト内で、生体内で評価されなければならない。 のためのヒトアデノウイルス（AD）、57の血清型が同定された最も一般的にヒトにおける呼吸器疾患の原因がある。腫瘍溶解性Adベクターは、いくつかの臨床試験13-15に進出して、それらの抗腫瘍効果について評価されている。有望な前臨床データにもかかわらず、臨床結果は期待の短い下落している。それらはウイルス16,17に対する免疫応答を減衰さ呈するものの、ヒト腫瘍異種移植片モデルは、典型的には、Adベクターの抗腫瘍効果を研究するために使用される。さらに、同系マウスモデルは、広告感染に対する非許容である17,18非現実的なこれらのモデルを使用して、ホストの免疫応答の評価を行う。 宿主の免疫系は、腫瘍細胞死を誘発する19 OVSそれによって最も影響力のあるメカニズムとして同定されている。寛容および非寛容化腫瘍関連抗原（TAA）モデル間の抗腫瘍応答が異なると大幅にOV療法の成功に影響を与えることができる。 HSV-1 OV KM100（ICP0 N2121814 20 における VP16）20,21は、マウスポリオーマミドルT抗原乳癌モデル22における担癌マウスの80％において腫瘍退縮を誘発した。しかし、HER-2 / neuのモデルにおいて、KM100の抗腫瘍効果は、トランスジェニック同系マウス腫瘍静止状態で20％の完全な退行の間HER2寛容化マウスを変える。一緒にこれらのデータは、完全に最高の完全に治療の成功を決定する機能を理解するために、ヒトの免疫風景を再現動物モデルを用いてOVSを評価することの重要性を強調。 （5で検討される）南北アメリカ原産のコットンラット（Sigmodon紫檀 ） は 、最も一般的にRSウイルス感染症のモデルとして使用されます。それらは6,23複雑ウシ呼吸器疾患に関連する病理を再現するように、コットンラットは、抗BHV-1ワクチン接種の研究で使用されている。コットンラットのさらに、BHV-1感染持続的な粘膜および全身の免疫応答6,23-25 ​​を誘導する、免疫原性である。細胞株はそれぞれ26、自発的な線維肉腫および骨肉腫乳腺（LCRT）のと骨（CCRTとVCRT）に由来している。コットンラットは、それらが広告感染に対して感受性であり、ヒトの27-29と同様の病理を示すように腫瘍溶解性Adベクターのインビボでの有効性を評価するために使用されてきた。 OVSの前臨床評価のための免疫不全のモデルの使用だけでなく、治療に対する臨床反応の少ない指標であるが、彼 ​​らは考慮に腫瘍溶解性ウイルス療法30,31における免疫系の役割を取ることができない。したがって、同系および乳癌および骨肉腫の腫瘍寛容コットンラットモデルは、従来のマウスモデルを用いて研究することができないようなBHV-1とOVS、およびAdの前臨床効力を評価するの関連モデルである。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of Material/Equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog #</td>
			<td>Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s modified Eagle&#8217;s medium&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11965-092</td>
			<td>May use any brand&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1X Phosphate Buffered Saline&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Can prepare in lab, filter to sterilize</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>200 mM L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25030164</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100x Antibiotic-Antimycotic&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15240-062</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Quality Biological Inc.</td>
			<td>110-001-101HI</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T-150cm2 tissue culture flask</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-826-80</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1X TypLE Express</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>12604-013</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12-well cell culture plate, flat bottom</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>08-772-29</td>
			<td>May use any brand, must be tissue culture treated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>alamarBlue</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>DAL1025</td>
			<td>May use an alternative reagent for determination of cell viability</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8640 Teklad 22/5 Rodent diet</td>
			<td>Harlan&#160;</td>
			<td>8640</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1/8&#8221; corncob rodent bedding</td>
			<td>Harlan</td>
			<td>7092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nestlets</td>
			<td>Ancare</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Made of pulped virgin cotton fiber, dust-free and autoclavable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL Conical tubes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-432-22</td>
			<td>May use any brand, must be sterile</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane USP, 99.9 %, inhalation anesthetic</td>
			<td>Pharmaceutical Partners of Canada Inc.</td>
			<td>M60302</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70% Ethanol</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Can prepare in lab</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 % Neutral Buffered Formalin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>HT501128</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of Material/Equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog #</td>
			<td>Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NAPCO NapFlow 1200 Class II A/B3 Biosafety Microbiological Safety Cabinet (cell culture hood)</td>
			<td>NAPCO</td>
			<td>Model used not currently available</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific Precision Heated Water Bath</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Model used not currently available&#160;</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reichert Bright-line Hemacytometer</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z359629</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Typhoon Trio BioAnalyzer&#160;</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td>
			<td>Model used not currently available&#160;</td>
			<td>May use any fluorescence plate reader</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tecan Safire2 Multi-detection Microplate Reader</td>
			<td>Tecan</td>
			<td>Model used not currently available&#160;</td>
			<td>May use any fluorescence plate reader</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Allegra 6R benchtop centrifuge</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>366816</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Table Top Anaesthesia machine</td>
			<td>VetEquip</td>
			<td>Model used not currently available&#160;</td>
			<td>May use any brand, must be portable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wahl Peanut Mini Clippers</td>
			<td>Wahl</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>May use any brand of small clippers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin syringes 29 G x 1/2&#39;, 0.3 mL</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>329464</td>
			<td>May use any brand. Insulin syringes are recommended as they make injections easier through the rat&#8217;s tough skin.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton swabs</td>
			<td>MedPro</td>
			<td>018-425</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sharp-Pointed Dissecting Scissors</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>8940</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting Tissue Forceps</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-812-41</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

handling of the cotton rat in studies for the pre-clinical evaluation of oncolytic viruses

Oncolytic viruses are a novel anticancer therapy with the ability to target tumor cells, while leaving healthy cells intact. For this strategy to be successful, recent studies have shown that involvement of the host immune system is essential. Therefore, oncolytic virotherapy should be evaluated within the context of an immunocompetent model. Furthermore, the study of antitumor therapies in tolerized animal models may better recapitulate results seen in clinical trials. Cotton rats, commonly used to study respiratory viruses, are an attractive model to study oncolytic virotherapy as syngeneic models of mammary carcinoma and osteosarcoma are well established. However, there is a lack of published information on the proper handling procedure for these highly excitable rodents. The handling and capture approach outlined minimizes animal stress to facilitate experimentation. This technique hinges upon the ability of the researcher to keep calm during handling and perform procedures in a timely fashion. Finally, we describe how to prepare cotton rat mammary tumor cells for consistent subcutaneous tumor formation, and how to perform intratumoral and intraperitoneal injections. These methods can be applied to a wide range of studies furthering the development of the cotton rat as a relevant pre-clinical model to study antitumor therapy.

によるコットンラットの非常に興奮性の性質を熟知していると、前臨床動物モデルとしての使用に容易になり、動物のストレスを低減するように最適化手順を利用する。適切な処理技術の使用はまた、研究者へのリスクを最小限にする。 コットンラットを使用したとき、それは穏やかな滞在することが不可欠です。ラットは非常に興奮性であり、それらのケージを脱出?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Handling of the Cotton Rat in Studies for the Pre-clinical Evaluation of Oncolytic Viruses at JoVE.com

Handling of the Cotton Rat in Studies for the Pre-clinical Evaluation of Oncolytic Viruses

腫瘍溶解性ウイルスの前臨床評価のための研究のコットンラットの取扱い

Cotton rats are extremely excitable and have a strong flight-or-fight response. A handling method optimized to reduce the stress of the animals is described which will make cotton rats more accessible as a preclinical model.

Oncolytic viruses are a novel anticancer therapy with the ability to target tumor cells, while leaving healthy cells intact.  For this strategy to be ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses

Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses

腫瘍溶解性ウイルスと生きている組織のex vivoでの感染

Oncolytic Viruses (OVs) are novel therapeutics that selectively replicate in and kill tumor cells1. Several clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness ...

The Use of Pharmacological-challenge fMRI in Pre-clinical Research: Application to the 5-HT System

前臨床研究における薬理学的チャレンジのfMRIの利用：5-HTシステムへの応用

Pharmacological MRI (phMRI) is a new and promising method to study the effects of substances on brain function that can ultimately be used to unravel ...

Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia

急性白血病の治療のためのチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤の前臨床評価

Receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the development and progression of many cancers, including both leukemia and solid tumors, and are ...

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats

ラットにおける同所性肝細胞癌の局所領域治療のための腫瘍溶解性ウイルスのTransarterial管理

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis.  In recent years, oncolytic virotherapies have proven ...

Pre-clinical Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer

ヒト前立腺癌の前臨床同所性マウスモデル

To study the multifaceted biology of prostate cancer, pre-clinical in vivo models offer a range of options to uncover critical biological information ...

Use of a Low-flow Digital Anesthesia System for Mice and Rats

マウスやラットのための低フローデジタル麻酔システムの利用

A traditional vaporizer depends on flowing gas and atmospheric pressure for passive anesthetic vaporization. Newly developed direct injection vaporizers ...

Analyzing Beneficial Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Functions During Experimental Colitis

実験的大腸炎の間、腸上皮バリア機能に栄養補助食品の有益な効果を分析

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn&#39;s disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic relapsing disorders of the intestines. They cause ...

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

ラット舌の機械的および粘弾性的特性のインビボ評価

The tongue is a highly innervated and vascularized muscle hydrostat on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates. Its primary functions include ...

Pre-clinical Model of Cardiac Donation after Circulatory Death

循環死後の心臓寄付の前臨床モデル

Cardiac transplantation demand is on the rise; nevertheless, organ availability is limited due to a paucity of suitable donors. Organ donation after ...

Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment for the Right Ventricular System and Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mice

マウスにおける右心室系と低酸素誘発性肺動脈高血圧に対する侵襲的血行力学的評価

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and severe cardiopulmonary disorder. Mice are a popular animal model used to mimic this disease. ...