Name: organotypic slice cultures for studies of postnatal neurogenesis
Uploaded: 2015-03-04T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Organotypic Slice Cultures for Studies of Postnatal Neurogenesis at JoVE.com

This work was supported by a research grant MOP 119271 to JMW by the Canadian Institute of Health Research. The authors would like to thank Ms. Yao Fang Tan for her outstanding technical assistance.

NOTE: Toutes les procédures d&#39;animaux étaient conformes aux lignes directrices du ministère de médecine comparée à l&#39;Université de Toronto et de santé bien-être animal. 1. Préparation des tranches hippocampiques <ol><li> Stériliser les instruments suivants en utilisant l&#39;autoclave sec à 125 ° C: Manche de bistouri (# 3) (2), une pince de modèle standard, grande (1), Petit dissecteur ciseaux (angle à l&#39;autre) (1), Micro cuillère (cuillère et plat extrémité...

<ol>
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Current Drug Targets.</a> CNS And Neurological Disorders. 4 (4), 435-452 (2005).</li><li>Berdichevsky, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PI3K-Akt+signaling+activates+mTOR-mediated+epileptogenesis+in+organotypic+hippocampal+culture+model+of+post-traumatic+epilepsy.">PI3K-Akt signaling activates mTOR-mediated epileptogenesis in organotypic hippocampal culture model of post-traumatic epilepsy.</a> The Journal Of Neuroscience : The Official Journal Of The Society For Neuroscience. 33 (21), 9056-9067 (2013).</li><li>Koyama, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GABAergic+excitation+after+febrile+seizures+induces+ectopic+granule+cells+and+adult+epilepsy.">GABAergic excitation after febrile seizures induces ectopic granule cells and adult epilepsy.</a> Nature Medicine. 18 (8), 1271 (2012).</li><li>Staley, K. 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Après CldU (ou BrdU) l&#39;administration, le calendrier d&#39;application des agents pharmacologiques peut être choisi de cibler DGCS nouveau-né pendant particuliers fenêtres développement. Par exemple, un agent hypothétique peut être appliquée pendant la seconde injection semaines post-CldU, qui est proposé pour coïncider avec l&#39;âge de neurones immatures qui sont à un stade de développement où GABA est dépolarisants. Les études futures utilisant ce protocole pourraient adapter l&#39;agent pharmacol...

Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian hippocampus represents a remarkable example of the brain&#8217;s innate capacity for adaptability and plasticity. Dentate granule cells (DGCs) are generated from a renewable pool of neural progenitor cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, which is one of the two presently well-characterized neurogenic regions in the mammalian brain, and is thought to be particularly important for learning and memory. The hippocampus is part of the limbic system and has a deep location within the mammalian brain, which makes it a difficult target for precise pharmacological manipulation. Additionally, aberrant neurogenesis has been implicated in conditions, such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer&#8217;s disease, which has prompted interest in understanding the influence of various pharmacological agents during the maturation and survival of newborn neurons. The distinction between postnatal and adult neurogenesis is blurred and previous studies have shown that many features of in vivo neuronal development in the early postnatal period and adulthood are similar25. Here we emphasize postnatal neurogenesis and suggest possible applications to adult neurogenesis.
Organotypic slice cultures provide an efficient in vitro method for studying various physiological properties of the mammalian hippocampus. The value of slice cultures prepared from rodent brains can be summarized in three main qualities: 1) the protocol is straightforward and requires readily available materials; 2) slice cultures allow for pharmacological studies that eliminate complex variables such as the deep anatomic location of the hippocampus and circumvents the blood brain barrier1; and 3) the well characterized structure of the hippocampus and tri-synaptic circuit is preserved2. Previous investigators have used the organotypic hippocampal culture to study synaptic development and physiology3,4, gliogenesis5-7, ischemic brain damage8,9, neuroprotection and neurorepair10-12 as well as epilepsy13-15.The slice cultures could also provide a useful model system allowing for the monitoring of cell development in conjunction with labeling of cells with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or other vital markers.
Slice cultures have also been previously employed to study postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis16-19, but one important factor in the majority of these studies is the well-characterized degeneration that results from explanting tissue from adult animals after approximately 2 weeks in vitro20,21. For this reason, slice cultures are typically prepared from early post-natal (P5-P10) mice or rat pups, which utilizes the improved viability of early postnatal brain tissue for culturing22. While previous studies have shown that the early postnatal and adult hippocampus differ with regards to synaptic physiology and the expression of specific neuronal subtypes23,24, there is substantial conservation of the choreographed developmental program that newborn dentate granule cells proceed through during maturation25. Additionally, recent studies have suggested that the physiological characteristics of newborn DGCs in culture are very similar to immature neurons in the acute hippocampal slice preparation16.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="769">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="46" rowspan="2" style="height:47px;width:265px;">Name of Reagent/ Equipment</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:131px;">Company</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:135px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:239px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:265px;">5-chloro-2&#39;-deoxyuridine (CldU)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">MP Biomedicals</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:135px;">105478</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Hazardous, Carcinogenic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:265px;">Cell culture inserts, 30mm diameter, 0.4&#181;m pore size</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Thermo scientific&#160;</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:135px;">140660</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Nuclon delta coating on these inserts provides better tissue adhesion and improves slice quality.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Conical Centrifuge tubes (sterile)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">14-432-22</td>
			<td style="width:239px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:265px;">Dissector scissors (angled to side)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">14082-09</td>
			<td style="width:239px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:265px;">Minimum essential medium (MEM)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">11095; liquid</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Store at 4&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Eclipse Ni-U fluorescent microscope</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:239px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:265px;">Glue for tissue</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Krazy Glue</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">KG585</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Use minimum amount of glue to achieve adhesion as any tissue exposed to glue will be unusable for IHC.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:265px;">Hank&#8217;s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) (500 mL)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">14025-092</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Store at 4&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:265px;">Horse Serum Heat Inactivated (500 mL)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">16050-122</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Make 50 mL aliquots and store at -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:265px;">Kimwipes</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Kimberly-Clarke</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">TW 31KYPBX</td>
			<td style="width:239px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:265px;">Modified glass pipettes (bottom of Pasteur pipette removed and edge smoothed with Bunsen flame)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;"></td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:239px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:265px;">Petri Dish (100mm x 15mm) and (60mm x 15mm)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fisher Brand</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">FB0875712 and FB0875713A</td>
			<td style="width:239px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:265px;">Scalpel blades #11</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">10011-00</td>
			<td style="width:239px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:265px;">Scalpel handle #3</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">10003-12</td>
			<td style="width:239px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:265px;">Serological Pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sorfa Medical Plastic Co.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">P8050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:265px;">Standard Pattern forceps</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">11000-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:265px;">Sterile vacuum filter</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Thermo-Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">565-0020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:265px;">Surgical Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">14054-13</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:265px;">Syringe driven filter unit</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Millipore-Millex</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">SLGP033RS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:265px;">Tissue chopper with moveable stage</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Stoelting&#160;</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:135px;">51425</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:265px;">Fine tip paintbrush</td>
			<td style="width:131px;"></td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

organotypic slice cultures for studies of postnatal neurogenesis

Nous décrivons ici une technique pour étudier la neurogenèse postnatale l&#39;hippocampe dans le cerveau de rongeurs en utilisant la technique de culture organotypique. Cette méthode maintient la morphologie caractéristique topographique de l&#39;hippocampe, tout en permettant l&#39;application directe des agents pharmacologiques pour les développement gyrus denté de l&#39;hippocampe. En outre, les cultures tranche peuvent être maintenues jusqu&#39;à quatre semaines et donc, permettent d&#39;étudier le processus de maturation des neurones granulaires nouveau-nés. Trancher les cultures permettent la manipulation pharmacologique efficace des tranches d&#39;hippocampe tout en excluant les variables complexes tels que les incertitudes liées à la localisation anatomique profonde de l&#39;hippocampe ainsi que la barrière hémato-encéphalique. Pour ces raisons, nous avons cherché à optimiser les cultures organotypique spécifiquement pour la recherche de la neurogenèse postnatale.

Déterminer si les cultures organotypiques seraient appropriés pour la recherche de la neurogenèse adulte nécessaires qu&#39;ils remplissent deux critères principaux: 1) que les tranches conserver des caractéristiques morphologiques caractéristiques de tranches d&#39;hippocampe après 10-21 jours in vitro (DIV), et 2) que DGCS nouveau-nés peuvent être quantifiés en utilisant des techniques immunohistochimiques standard habituellement utilisés dans la recherche de la neurogenèse adulte. En ce qui conc...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Organotypic Slice Cultures for Studies of Postnatal Neurogenesis at JoVE.com

Organotypic Slice Cultures for Studies of Postnatal Neurogenesis

Nous décrivons ici une technique pour étudier la neurogenèse postnatale hippocampe en utilisant la technique de culture organotypique. Cette méthode permet la manipulation in vitro de la neurogenèse adulte et permet l&#39;application directe d&#39;agents pharmacologiques à l&#39;hippocampe en culture.

Trancher les cultures organotypiques d&#39;études de neurogenèse postnatale

Here we describe a technique for studying hippocampal postnatal neurogenesis in the rodent brain using the organotypic slice culture technique. This ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Ex Utero Electroporation and Organotypic Slice Culture of Mouse Hippocampal Tissue

Ex Utero Electroporation and Organotypic Slice Culture of Mouse Hippocampal Tissue

Ex Utero L&#39;électroporation et organotypiques Slice culture de souris hippocampe Tissue

Mouse genetics offers a powerful tool determining the role of specific genes during development. Analyzing the resulting phenotypes by immunohistochemical ...

Recherche

Biologie du développement

Generation of Genetically Modified Organotypic Skin Cultures Using Devitalized Human Dermis

Génération des cultures organotypiques de peau génétiquement modifiées en utilisant Dévitalisées derme humain

Organotypic cultures allow the reconstitution of a 3D environment critical for cell-cell contact and cell-matrix interactions which mimics the function ...

Generating Primary Fibroblast Cultures from Mouse Ear and Tail Tissues

Cultures Génération fibroblastes primaires de souris oreilles et la queue tissus

Primary cells are derived directly from tissue and are thought to be more representative of the physiological state of cells in vivo than established cell ...

Imaging Cleared Embryonic and Postnatal Hearts at Single-cell Resolution

Imaging Effacé embryonnaire et postnatal coeurs à la résolution unicellulaire

Single clonal tracing and analysis at the whole-heart level can determine cardiac progenitor cell behavior and differentiation during cardiac development, ...

Visualization of Cell Cycle Variations and Determination of Nucleation in Postnatal Cardiomyocytes

Visualisation des variations du cycle cellulaire et détermination de nucléation dans postnatales cardiomyocytes

Cardiomyocytes are prone to variations of the cell cycle, such as endoreduplication (continuing rounds of DNA synthesis without karyokinesis and ...

Dissection and Coronal Slice Preparation of Developing Mouse Pituitary Gland

Dissection et préparation de tranches coronales de développer la glande pituitaire souris

The pituitary gland or hypophysis is an important endocrine organ secreting hormones essential for homeostasis. It consists of two glands with separate ...

Three-dimensional Organotypic Cultures of Vestibular and Auditory Sensory Organs

Culture organotypique en trois dimensions des organes sensoriels vestibulaires et auditives

The sensory organs of the inner ear are challenging to study in mammals due to their inaccessibility to experimental manipulation and optical observation. ...

Efficient Generation of Pancreas/Duodenum Homeobox Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors from hPSCs in Adhesion Cultures

Efficient Generation of Pancreas/Duodenum Homeobox Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors from hPSCs in Adhesion Cultures

Génération efficace du pancréas/duodénum homéotique Protein 1+ postérieure Foregut/pancréatique progéniteurs de hPSCs dans les Cultures de l’adhérence

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived pancreatic cells are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine and a platform to study human ...

Single-cell Transcriptomic Analyses of Mouse Pancreatic Endocrine Cells

Analyse transcriptomique unicellulaire de cellules endocrines pancréatiques de souris

Pancreatic endocrine cells, which are clustered in islets, regulate blood glucose stability and energy metabolism. The distinct cell types in islets, ...

Neurogenesis Using P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells

Neurogenèse à l'aide de cellules de carcinome embryonnaire P19

The P19 cell line derived from a mouse embryo-derived teratocarcinoma has the ability to differentiate into the three germ layers. In the presence of ...