Name: assessment of dendritic arborization in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal region in mice
Uploaded: 2015-03-31T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Dendritic Arborization in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampal Region in Mice at JoVE.com

This research was supported by grants from the LuMind Foundation, Research Down Syndrome, and the Alzheimer&#8217;s Association (AS). CP was partially supported by a faculty development grant from the College of Nursing and Health Professions at Arkansas State University.

注：实验按照批准委员会在动物研究在退伍军人事务帕洛阿尔托医疗保健系统的道德标准进行的。 1.高尔基 - 考克斯染色<ol><li>脑提取和染色<ol><li>第1天，通过放血安乐死前，深深地麻醉小鼠100毫克/千克氯胺酮和10毫克/公斤甲苯噻嗪。 </li><li>小心地取出颅骨，并剖析了大脑。 <ol><li>首先去除皮肤上的头骨的顶部，放置一个弯曲剪刀对小脑的顶部并轻轻切穿平行颅盖到中央?...

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这里，两个方法被描述以量化在使用中与RTI和EDFI结合常规染色方法成熟和新生神经元树突分支的程度。采集的神经元的高分辨率图像提供了一个非常有效的方法，用于测试的神经变性疾病的有害影响，并反过来，提供了一种方法来评估靶向海马神经元的治疗策略。 而RTI方法用于捕获深度数据有关树枝状和地形的程度，所述EDFI方法不能提供有关该个体的段或树木的复杂度信息...

动态改变在突触的数量和结构的发展，老化的标志，以及众多的神经变性疾病1-3。神经元的接收和整合突触信息的能力取决于树枝状形态和动态的改变在突触连接。事实上，一个正相关树突棘和突触数目，这既影响认知功能4之间存在。因此，这并不奇怪，在树突棘数目递减已与认知功能障碍相关的一些神经障碍5-7，促使在树突棘量化了极大的兴趣。然而，脊柱密度的量化仍然是一个耗时且繁琐的任务失败，以产生与通过该树突树突触的地形和分布的有用信息。幸运的是，染色方法（ 如高尔基-考克斯和doublecortin（DCX））结合与先进的成像技术可以被用来克服目前的障碍，并以可靠和迅速的方式产生树突分支的高清晰度图像。而高尔基-考克斯染色法可以部署到评估所有神经元树突8树枝状的状态，DCX可以部署鉴于神经发生在这两个标签新生神经元特别是在齿状回和脑室下区9，一个重要的考虑因素这些地区的整个生命周期10,11。 染色后，两个成像方法被部署，以评估树突特性：ⅰ）实时成像（RTI）和场成像（EDFI）的ⅱ）延伸的深度。的RTI技术提供的平均来跟踪和量化树枝状的长度和顺序沿个体树突段和分支。因此，它使一个估算的总面积和每个树突树占据的体积。多个Specifically，在该RTI方法的用户连续地识别段和迭代地重新聚焦为神经元的跟踪软件收集在x，y和z的树枝状结构的坐标和重构树枝状结构在三维的轨迹。相比之下，EDFI方法提供了一种相当简单的，快速的用于通过产生合成图像，从而提供对整个z轴信息评估相当厚的组织标本树突密度的手段。这样做时，用户记录的高清晰度视频文件贯穿部的厚度，然后使用软件来搜索视频帧以识别点，其中一个像素是完全聚焦。随后，将聚焦像素被合并和集成到一个高分辨率，复合2D图像。这种复合图象包含分别在焦，不论其在z轴位置的所有像素。这些2D图像的定性和定量分析随后可以用来确定密度的树枝状分枝中的每个字段。 最后，我们提出了一个全景方法用于产生极高分辨率的图像进行分析和树突的评估在感兴趣的整个区域。这种技术可以被部署到克服缺乏接入的到非常高的分辨率和昂贵的数码相机。使用这种方法，因此一个捕获在沿x轴和y轴的不同位置的序列的图像，然后自动缝合在一起使用免费软件（ 例如 ，图片复合编者）。值得注意的是，可以在一个相当宽的区域被用于树突分支的定性和定量评估此方法。

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assessment of dendritic arborization in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal region in mice

Dendritic arborization has been shown to be a reliable marker for examination of structural and functional integrity of neurons. Indeed, the complexity and extent of dendritic arborization correlates well with the synaptic plasticity in these cells. A reliable method for assessment of dendritic arborization is needed to characterize the deleterious effects of neurological disorders on these structures and to determine the effects of therapeutic interventions. However, quantification of these structures has proven to be a formidable task given their complex and dynamic nature. Fortunately, sophisticated imaging techniques can be paired with conventional staining methods to assess the state of dendritic arborization, providing a more reliable and expeditious means of assessment. Below is an example of how these imaging techniques were paired with staining methods to characterize the dendritic arborization in wild type mice. These complementary imaging methods can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively assess dendritic arborization that span a rather wide area within the hippocampal region.

从现存的和刚出生的齿状颗粒细胞产生树枝状的程度用两种高尔基-考克斯或DCX染色（ 图1）在野生型小鼠进行分析。 DCX阳性细胞的树突状段被发现是13-36微米长。使用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验树突长度的正态分布进行了测试（D = 0.1217，P &lt;0.01，Liliefors P &lt;0.001; 图4和5）。 在每个订单树枝状的长度段的分析，最长的片段被发现在树枝状（38.38 + ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Dendritic Arborization in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampal Region in Mice at JoVE.com

Assessment of Dendritic Arborization in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampal Region in Mice

We describe two methods for visualization and quantification of dendritic arborization in the hippocampus of mouse models: real-time and extended depth of field imaging. While the former method allows sophisticated topographical tracing and quantification of the extent of branching, the latter allows speedy visualization of the dendritic tree.

树突分支中的海马区对小鼠的齿状回评

Dendritic arborization has been shown to be a reliable marker for examination of structural and functional integrity of neurons. Indeed, the complexity ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Assessment of Motor Balance and Coordination in Mice using the Balance Beam

在小鼠体内的汽车平衡和协调的评估使用的平衡木

Brain injury, genetic manipulations, and pharmacological treatments can result in alterations of motor skills in mice.  Fine motor coordination and ...

科研

神经科学

Visualization of Proprioceptors in Drosophila Larvae and Pupae

Visualization of Proprioceptors in Drosophila Larvae and Pupae

可视化本体感受器<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;幼虫和蛹

Proprioception is the ability to sense the motion, or position, of body parts by responding to stimuli arising within the body. In fruitflies and other ...

Dual Electrophysiological Recordings of Synaptically-evoked Astroglial and Neuronal Responses in Acute Hippocampal Slices

双突触诱发的星形胶质细胞和神经元的反应，在急性海马脑片电生理记录

Astrocytes form together with neurons tripartite synapses, where they integrate and modulate neuronal activity. Indeed, astrocytes sense neuronal inputs ...

Fast Micro-iontophoresis of Glutamate and GABA: A Useful Tool to Investigate Synaptic Integration

谷氨酸和GABA快速微离子导入：一个有用​​的工具，调查突触整合

One of the fundamental interests in neuroscience is to understand the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs along the very complex structure of ...

The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

使用的跟踪经典条件反射，评估胎儿酒精谱系障碍大鼠模型海马功能障碍

Neonatal rats were administered a relatively high concentration of ethyl alcohol (11.9% v/v) during postnatal days 4-9, a time when the fetal brain ...

Assessment of Hippocampal Dendritic Complexity in Aged Mice Using the Golgi-Cox Method

使用高尔基Cox方法评估老年小鼠海马树突状复杂性

Dendritic spines are the protuberances from the neuronal dendritic shafts that contain&#160; excitatory synapses. The morphological and branching ...

Recording Synaptic Plasticity in Acute Hippocampal Slices Maintained in a Small-volume Recycling-, Perfusion-, and Submersion-type Chamber System

小容积回收-灌注-浸没式室系统中维持的急性海马切片的突触可塑性记录

Even though experiments on brain slices have been in use since 1951, problems remain that reduce the probability of achieving a stable and successful ...

Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila

Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila

嗜德维人神经元树突状树突状复杂度的定量分析

Dendrites are the branched projections of a neuron, and dendritic morphology reflects synaptic organization during the development of the nervous system. ...

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Optogenetic 在行为小鼠海马θ振荡中的作用

Extensive data on relationships of neural network oscillations to behavior and organization of neuronal discharge across brain regions call for new tools ...

An Invasive Method for the Activation of the Mouse Dentate Gyrus by High-frequency Stimulation

高频刺激激活小鼠齿状回的侵袭方法

Electrical high-frequency stimulation (HFS), using implanted electrodes targeting various brain regions, has been proven as an effective treatment for ...