Name: gold nanorod-assisted optical stimulation of neuronal cells
Uploaded: 2015-04-27T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Gold Nanorod-assisted Optical Stimulation of Neuronal Cells at JoVE.com

저자는 부분적으로 촬영하는 동안 그녀의 도움을 셰필드 씨 Jaimee 메인이 대학이 연구를 호스팅하는 데에 대한 여행 자금 지원을위한 NanoVentures 호주와 교수 존 헤이 콕을 인정하고 싶습니다.

1. 금 NR을 준비 참고 : 금 NR을 조리법 (16)의 숫자에 의해 합성 또는 상업적 공급 업체에서 구입하실 수 있습니다. <ol><li> UV-비스 분광법을 통해, 0.5 nm의 해상도에서 300 내지 1000 nm가 내지 흡수 값을 기록함으로써 금 NR 용액의 초기 광학 밀도 (OD)를 측정한다. 용액의 부피는 큐벳 가능한 함께 사용하도록 다양하다. </li><li> 적합한 기술 (17)의 초기 NP 몰 농도 (...

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이 프레젠테이션에서 설명하는 프로토콜은 문화, 차별화 광학적으로 외부 흡수를 사용하여 신경 세포를 자극하는 방법에 대해 설명합니다. NR 특성 (예를 들어 치수, 형상, 플라즈몬 공진 파장 및 표면 화학) 및 (등과 파장, 펄스 길이, 반복율, 등)의 레이저 자극 파라미터는 다른 실험의 필요에 맞도록 변화 될 수있다. 세포 행동에 영향은 표준 분석 및 생물학적 물질을 사용하여 모니?...

최근 연구에 따르면, 물 (파장&gt; 1400 ㎚)에 의해 외광의 흡수와 관련된 과도 가열 한 신경 조직 및 심장 근세포의 세포 내 칼슘이 과도에서 활동 전위를 유도하는데 사용될 수 있다는 것을 증명하고있다. 적외선 빛의 사용으로 인해 잠재적 인 미세한 공간 해상도로, 신경 보철에 응용 프로그램에 대한 큰 관심을 제기, 유전자에 직접 조직과 접촉, 자극 유물의 최소화 및 필요성을 제거 부족 (자극하기 전에 세포를 수정 ) optogenetics에 필요 하나. 이러한 모든 장점에도 불구하고, 최근에 개발 된 열 모델은 상기 대상 조직 / 세포 자극 여러 사이트 및 / 또는 고 반복율은 3,4- 사용되는 누적 가열 효과에 의해 영향을받을 수 있음을 제시 하였다. 이러한 과제에 대응하여, 연구자들은 외인성 absor를 사용할 수있는 가능성을 인식하고신경 자극에 대한 조직의 BER이 더 국부 가열 효과를 생성한다. 황 등. 원격 무선 주파수 자계 5 HEK 293 세포에서 온도에 민감한 TRPV1 채널을 활성화하기 위해 페라이트 초상 자성 나노 입자를 사용하여이 원리를 설명했다. 이 기술은 (자기장이 조직에 상대적으로 약한 상호 작용) 더 깊은 침투를 허용 할 수 있지만, 반응은 오히려 생체 공학 장치 (5)에 필요한 밀리 초 지속 시간보다, 초 기간에 걸쳐 기록되었다. 체외에서 검은 마이크로 입자를 쥐의 대뇌 피질 신경 세포의 유사, 파라 등. 입증 전기 자극. 이들은 잠재적으로 더 빠르게 반복 속도 6을 허용 μJ 범위의 에너지와 μS 수백 정도의 펄스 지속 시간을 사용하여 자극 세포 수준의 정밀도를 나타냈다. 외인성 흡수제의 사용은 또한 유도 적용된체외에서 형태 학적 변화. Ciofani 외는. (7)에 의해 여기 된 초음파 압전 질화 붕소 나노 튜브를 사용하여 신경 세포의 생장 ~ 40 %의 증가를 보였다. 마찬가지로, PC12 세포에서 endocytosed 산화철 나노 입자 인해 산화철 8 세포 접착 분자의 활성화, 용량 의존적으로 분화 신경 돌기를 향상시키기 위해보고되었다. 최근, 신경 자극을 지원하기 위해 외부 흡수에 대한 관심은 금 나노 입자의 사용 (금 NP에)에 초점을 맞추고있다. NPS는 효율적으로 AU 플라즈몬 피크에서의 레이저 광을 흡수하는 열 (9)의 형태로 주위 환경으로 방출 할 수있는 능력을 가지고있다. 10 - 가능한 입자 모양의 모든 사이에 금 나노 막대의 광 흡수 (금 NR을)를 편리하게 (NIR, 750-1,400 나노 미터 사이의 파장 적외선 근처) 생체 조직의 치료 창을 일치합니다. 또한, 계속에서신경 자극의 EXT는, Au로 각 NR 사용은 비교적 양호한 생체 적합성 및 표면 기능화 옵션 (11)의 넓은 범위를 제공한다. 최근의 연구 분화에 자극 효과가 NG108-15 신경 세포 12 금 NR을 지속적으로 레이저 노출 후 유도 될 수 있음을 보여 주었다. 마찬가지로, 세포 내 칼슘 과도 가변 주파수 및 펄스 변조 된 레이저 조사 13 길이 Au을 NR을 배양 신경 세포에서 기록되었다. 세포막 탈분극은 나선 신경절 신경 세포 (14)의 차 문화 금 각 NR NIR 레이저 조명 후에 기록되었다. 조사 금 NR을 가진 생체 응용 프로그램의 첫 번째는 최근에 증명되었다. 엄 동료는 플라즈몬 절정에 금 NR을 노출하고 복합 신경 활동 전위 (CNAPs)의 진폭의 6 배 증가 쥐의 좌골 신경의 자극 임계 값의 3 배 감소를 기록했다. 엉진일보 응답은 NR 플라즈몬 피크 (15)의 여기에 의한 발열 효과 지역에 기인 하였다. 본 논문에서는 금 NR을 배양 NG108-15 신경 세포에 레이저 자극의 효과를 조사하는 프로토콜이 지정됩니다. 이러한 방법은 표준 생물학적 기술 및 재료를 사용하여 시험 관내에서 세포 집단을 조사하는 간단하지만 강력한 방법을 제공한다. 프로토콜은 안전하게 작동하고 반복 가능한 정렬을 가능 광섬유 결합 형 레이저 다이오드 (LD)에 기초한다. 금 NR 샘플 준비 및 레이저 조사 방법에있어서, 상기 특정 프로토콜 합성 및 배양을 각각 제공하는 것으로 알려져있다, 다른 입자 형상 및 신경 세포 배양에 확장 될 수있다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Au NR</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>716812</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NG108-15</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>8811230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D6546</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FCS</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10100147</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7513</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/streptomycin</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amphotericin B</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15290018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formaldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>F8775</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>BDH</td>
			<td>T8532</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A2058</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-&#946;III-tubulin</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>G7121</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRITC-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>T5393</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAPI</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluo-4 AM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>F14201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMSO</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>472301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pluronic F-127</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>P6867</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue Number</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UV-Vis spectrometer</td>
			<td>Varian Medical Systems Inc.</td>
			<td>Cary 50 Bio</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mini centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>Mini Spin</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sonic bath</td>
			<td>Unisonics Australia</td>
			<td>FPX 10D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell culture incubator</td>
			<td>Kendro</td>
			<td>Hera Cell 150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell culture centrifuge</td>
			<td>Hettich</td>
			<td>Rotofix 32A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laser diode</td>
			<td>Optotech</td>
			<td>780 nm single mode fibre - coupled LD</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical fiber</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>780 HP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Power meter</td>
			<td>Coherent</td>
			<td>Laser Check</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ImageJ</td>
			<td>http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/index.html</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epifluorescent microscope</td>
			<td>Axon Instruments</td>
			<td>ImageX-press 5000A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#956;-slide well</td>
			<td>Ibidi</td>
			<td>80826</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss Microscopy Ltd.</td>
			<td>LSM 510 meta-confocal microscope</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oscilloscope</td>
			<td>Tektronix</td>
			<td>TDS210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

gold nanorod-assisted optical stimulation of neuronal cells

Recent studies have demonstrated that nerves can be stimulated in a variety of ways by the transient heating associated with the absorption of infrared light by water in neuronal tissue. This technique holds great potential for replacing or complementing standard stimulation techniques, due to the potential for increased localization of the stimulus and minimization of mechanical contact with the tissue. However, optical approaches are limited by the inability of visible light to penetrate deep into tissues. Moreover, thermal modelling suggests that cumulative heating effects might be potentially hazardous when multiple stimulus sites or high laser repetition rates are used. The protocol outlined below describes an enhanced approach to the infrared stimulation of neuronal cells. The underlying mechanism is based on the transient heating associated with the optical absorption of gold nanorods, which can cause triggering of neuronal cell differentiation and increased levels of intracellular calcium activity. These results demonstrate that nanoparticle absorbers can enhance and/or replace the process of infrared neural stimulation based on water absorption, with potential for future applications in neural prostheses and cell therapies.

여기에 설명 된 프로토콜 1, 2 및 3을 사용하여 분화에 자극 효과의 Au NP에 배양 NG108-15 신경 세포에서 관찰되었다 레이저 후에 (금 NR을, 폴리 (스티렌)의 Au NR을 실리카 코팅 된 금 각 NR을 코팅 처리) 1.25 및 7.5 W 사이의 노출 · cm -2. rhodamineB 표지 금 NR을 공 촛점 이미지는 입자가 배양 12 일 1 내면화되었다는 것을 보여 주었다. 지역화 주로 흡수 바람직한기구는 전지 본체 (12)를</sup...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Gold Nanorod-assisted Optical Stimulation of Neuronal Cells at JoVE.com

Gold Nanorod-assisted Optical Stimulation of Neuronal Cells

This protocol outlines how to use the transient heating associated with the optical absorption of gold nanorods to stimulate differentiation and intracellular calcium activity in neuronal cells. These results potentially open up new applications in neural prostheses and fundamental studies in neuroscience.

골드 신경 세포의 자극을 광학 나노로드가 보조

Recent studies have demonstrated that nerves can be stimulated in a variety of ways by the transient heating associated with the absorption of infrared ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

기본 모드 네트워크를 검사하기 위해 Transcranial 자석 자극과 fMRI를 결합

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful ...

연구

신경과학

TMS: Using the Theta-Burst Protocol to Explore Mechanism of Plasticity in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome and Autism

TMS : 연약한 X 증후군 및 자폐증과 개인의 소성의 Mechasnism를 탐험하는 세타 - 버스트 프로토콜을 사용하여

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), also known as Martin-Bell Syndrome, is a genetic abnormality found on the X chromosome.1,2 Individuals suffering from FXS ...

The NeuroStar TMS Device: Conducting the FDA Approved Protocol for Treatment of Depression

NeuroStar TMS 장치 : FDA를 실시는 우울증 치료 프로토콜을 승인

The Neuronetics NeuroStar Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) System is a class II medical device that produces brief duration, pulsed magnetic ...

Live-cell Imaging of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Intact Drosophila Pupae

Live-cell Imaging of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Intact Drosophila Pupae

손상의 감각 오르간 전구체 세포 라이브 셀 이미징 Drosophila Pupae

Since the discovery of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), there has been a revolutionary change in the use of live-cell imaging as a tool for understanding ...

Fast Micro-iontophoresis of Glutamate and GABA: A Useful Tool to Investigate Synaptic Integration

글루타민산 염과 GABA의 빠른 마이크로 이온 도입 : 시냅틱 통합을 조사하는 유용한 도구

One of the fundamental interests in neuroscience is to understand the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs along the very complex structure of ...

Optical Control of a Neuronal Protein Using a Genetically Encoded Unnatural Amino Acid in Neurons

뉴런의 유전자 인코딩 된 부 자연스러운 아미노산을 사용하여 신경 세포 단백질의 광 제어

Photostimulation is a noninvasive way to control biological events with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. New methods are desired to ...

Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays

미세 전극 배열에서 신경 세포 배양의 자극에 대한 네트워크 반응의 시간 의존적 증가

Micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) can be used to investigate drug toxicity, design paradigms for next-generation personalized medicine, and study network ...

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

광학 일관성 단층 촬영: 마우스 망막 신경 절 세포에서 Vivo에서 화상 진 찰

Structural changes in the retina are common manifestations of ophthalmic diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables their identification in ...

Chronic Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Intracortical Recording in Rats

만성 Transcranial 전기 자극 및 쥐 Intracortical 녹음

Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is a powerful and relatively simple approach to diffusely influence brain activity either randomly or in a ...

Neuronal Differentiation from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells In vitro

시험관 내 마우스 배아 줄기 세포로부터의 신경 분화

The neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) is a potential tool for elucidating the key mechanisms involved in neurogenesis and ...