Name: gold nanorod-assisted optical stimulation of neuronal cells
Uploaded: 2015-04-27T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Gold Nanorod-assisted Optical Stimulation of Neuronal Cells at JoVE.com

Yazarlar kısmen çekimler sırasında ona yardım için Sheffield ve Bayan Jaimee Mayne Üniversitesi bu araştırmaları misafirini ağırlayan seyahat finansman desteği için NanoVentures Avustralya ve Prof. John Haycock kabul etmek istiyorum.

1. Au NR&#39;ler Hazırlık Not: Au NR&#39;ler tarifleri 16 bir dizi ile sentezlenebilir, ya ticari satıcılardan satın alınabilir. <ol><li> UV-Vis spektroskopisi yoluyla, 0.5-2 nm çözünürlüğe sahip 300 nm 1.000 ila emilim değerleri kaydederek Au NR çözeltisinin ilk optik yoğunluk (OD) ölçün. Çözeltinin hacmi mevcut küvet ile kullanılmak üzere değişir. </li><li> Uygun bir teknik 17 ile ilk NP molar konsantrasyonu (örneğin UV-Vis spekt...

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Bu sunumda belirtilen protokoller kültüre, farklılaştırmak ve optik dışsal emici kullanarak nöronal hücreleri uyarmak nasıl açıklar. NR özellikleri (örneğin boyutlar, şekil, plazmon rezonans dalga boyu ve yüzey kimyası) ve (vb dalga boyu, darbe uzunluğu, tekrarlama oranı, gibi) lazer stimülasyon parametreleri farklı deneysel ihtiyaçlarına uygun değiştirilebilir. Hücre davranışı üzerindeki etkisi standart biyolojik tahliller ve malzemeler kullanılarak izlenebilir. Genel y...

Son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalar, su (dalga boyu&gt; 1400 nm) kızılötesi ışık emme ile bağlantılı geçici ısıtma sinir dokusu 1 kardiyomiyositlerde 2 hücre içi kalsiyum geçişlerdeki aksiyon potansiyelleri uyarılması için kullanılabileceğini göstermişlerdir. kızılötesi ışığın kullanımı nedeniyle potansiyel alansal çözünürlük, nöral protez uygulamaları için büyük ilgisini çekmiştir, genetik doğrudan doku ile temas, uyarım eserler minimize, ve ihtiyaç çıkarılması eksikliği (uyarılması öncesi hücreleri değiştirmek ) Optogenetik gerekli olduğu şekilde 1. Tüm bu avantajlar rağmen, son zamanlarda geliştirilen termal modeller hedef doku / hücre birden fazla uyaran siteleri ve / veya yüksek tekrarlama oranları 3,4 kullanılan kümülatif ısıtma etkileri, etkilenebilir önerdi. Bu sorunlara cevap olarak, araştırmacılar dışsal Akustik kullanma potansiyeli tanıdısinir uyarımı için mektir dokuda daha lokalize ısıtma etkiler üretmek için. Huang ve ark., Uzaktan bir radyo frekansı manyetik alanı 5, HEK 293 hücrelerinde sıcaklığa duyarlı TRPV1 kanalları etkinleştirmek için süperparamanyetik ferrit nanopartiküller kullanarak bu prensip gösterdi. Bu teknik, (manyetik alan doku ile nispeten zayıf etkileşim) daha derin bir penetrasyon için izin vermesine rağmen, tepkiler sadece oldukça biyonik cihazlar 5 ihtiyaç milisaniye süreleri daha saniye süre boyunca kaydedildi. In vitro siyah mikro-parçacıklar ile sıçan kortikal nöronların Benzer şekilde, Farah ark. Gösterdi elektriksel stimülasyon. Onlar potansiyel hızlı tekrarlama oranları 6 için izin μJ aralığında us ve enerjilerin yüzlerce sipariş üzerine darbe süreleri kullanılarak uyarılması hücre düzeyinde hassasiyet gösterdi. dış emicilerin kullanılması da uyarılması için tatbik edilmiştirin vitro morfolojik değişimler. Ciofani ark. Ultrason 7 heyecan piezoelektrik bor nitrür nanotüpler kullanılarak nöronal hücre akıbet bir ~% 40 artış gösterdi. Benzer şekilde, PC12 hücrelerinde endocytosed demir oksit nanopartiküller nedeniyle demir oksit 8 hücre yapışma moleküllerinin aktivasyonuna, doza bağımlı bir şekilde nörit farklılaşmasını arttırmak için rapor edilmiştir. Son zamanlarda, sinir uyarımı yardımcı olmak için dışsal emiciler ilgi de altın nanopartiküllerin kullanımı (Au NPS) odaklanmıştır. Au NPler etkili bir plasmonik tepe lazer ışığı absorbe ettiği ve ısı 9 şeklinde çevreleyen ortam içine dağıtmak yeteneğine sahiptir. 10 - partikül şekilleri tüm arasında, altın nanoçubuklar optik soğurma (Au NR&#39;ler) elverişli (NUR, 750-1,400 nm arasında dalga boyu yakın kızılötesi) Biyolojik dokuların terapötik pencere eşleşir. Ayrıca, cont içindesinir stimülasyon ext, Au NR&#39;lerin kullanımı nispeten olumlu biyouyumluluk ve yüzey fonksiyonlandırmalar seçenekleri 11 geniş bir yelpazede sunmaktadır. Son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalar farklılaşması üzerinde bir uyarıcı etkisi NG108-15 nöronal hücrelerin 12 Au NR&#39;lerin sürekli lazer maruz sonra indüklenebilir göstermiştir. Benzer şekilde, hücre içi kalsiyum geçici değişken frekansı ve darbe ile modüle edilmiş lazer ışını 13 uzunlukları sonra Au NR&#39;lerin ile kültürlenmiştir nöronal hücrelerde kaydedildi. Hücre membran depolarizasyon aynı zamanda, spiral gangliyon nöronları 14 primer kültürlerinde Au NR&#39;lerin NIR lazer aydınlatma sonra kaydedildi. ışınlanmış Au NR&#39;lerin ile in vivo uygulamada ilk sadece son zamanlarda kanıtlanmıştır. Eom ve arkadaşları onların plasmonik zirvesinde Au NRS maruz kalan ve bileşik sinir aksiyon potansiyellerinin (CNaPS) genliği bir altı kat artış ve sıçan siyatik sinir stimülasyon eşiği üç kat azalma kaydedildi. trzenginleştirilebilir yanıtı NR plasmonik tepe 15 uyarılması kaynaklanan lokal ısıtma etkilerine bağlandı. Bu yazıda, Au NR&#39;lerin ile kültüre NG108-15 nöronal hücrelerin lazer stimülasyon etkilerini araştırmak için protokoller belirtilir. Bu yöntemler, standart biyolojik teknikler ve malzemeler kullanılarak in vitro hücre popülasyonlarının saçmak için basit, ama güçlü, bir yol sağlar. Protokol güvenli bir şekilde çalışmasını ve tekrarlanabilir dengelenmesini sağlayan fiber lazer diyot (LD) dayanmaktadır. Au NR örnek hazırlama ve lazer ışınlama yöntemi daha spesifik sentez ve kültür protokolleri sırasıyla bilinen şartıyla, farklı parçacık şekil ve nöronal hücre kültürlerine uzatılabilir.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Au NR</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>716812</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NG108-15</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>8811230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D6546</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FCS</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10100147</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7513</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/streptomycin</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amphotericin B</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15290018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formaldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>F8775</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>BDH</td>
			<td>T8532</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A2058</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-&#946;III-tubulin</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>G7121</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRITC-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>T5393</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAPI</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluo-4 AM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>F14201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMSO</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>472301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pluronic F-127</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>P6867</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue Number</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UV-Vis spectrometer</td>
			<td>Varian Medical Systems Inc.</td>
			<td>Cary 50 Bio</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mini centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>Mini Spin</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sonic bath</td>
			<td>Unisonics Australia</td>
			<td>FPX 10D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell culture incubator</td>
			<td>Kendro</td>
			<td>Hera Cell 150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell culture centrifuge</td>
			<td>Hettich</td>
			<td>Rotofix 32A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laser diode</td>
			<td>Optotech</td>
			<td>780 nm single mode fibre - coupled LD</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical fiber</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>780 HP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Power meter</td>
			<td>Coherent</td>
			<td>Laser Check</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ImageJ</td>
			<td>http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/index.html</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epifluorescent microscope</td>
			<td>Axon Instruments</td>
			<td>ImageX-press 5000A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#956;-slide well</td>
			<td>Ibidi</td>
			<td>80826</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss Microscopy Ltd.</td>
			<td>LSM 510 meta-confocal microscope</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oscilloscope</td>
			<td>Tektronix</td>
			<td>TDS210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

gold nanorod-assisted optical stimulation of neuronal cells

Recent studies have demonstrated that nerves can be stimulated in a variety of ways by the transient heating associated with the absorption of infrared light by water in neuronal tissue. This technique holds great potential for replacing or complementing standard stimulation techniques, due to the potential for increased localization of the stimulus and minimization of mechanical contact with the tissue. However, optical approaches are limited by the inability of visible light to penetrate deep into tissues. Moreover, thermal modelling suggests that cumulative heating effects might be potentially hazardous when multiple stimulus sites or high laser repetition rates are used. The protocol outlined below describes an enhanced approach to the infrared stimulation of neuronal cells. The underlying mechanism is based on the transient heating associated with the optical absorption of gold nanorods, which can cause triggering of neuronal cell differentiation and increased levels of intracellular calcium activity. These results demonstrate that nanoparticle absorbers can enhance and/or replace the process of infrared neural stimulation based on water absorption, with potential for future applications in neural prostheses and cell therapies.

Burada tarif edilen Protokolleri 1, 2 ve 3 kullanılarak, farklılaşması üzerinde bir uyarıcı etkisi Au NP ile kültüre NG108-15 nöronal hücrelerde gözlenmiştir laser (Au NR&#39;ler, poli (sitiren) Au NRS ve silis kaplı Au NR&#39;ler -kaplı) 1.25 ve 7.5 W arasındaki poz · cm -2. RhodamineB etiketli Au NR&#39;lerin Konfokal görüntüler partiküller inkübasyonun 12 1. gününden itibaren içsel olduğunu göstermiştir. lokalizasyonları alım tercih mekanizması hücre gövdesi memb...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Gold Nanorod-assisted Optical Stimulation of Neuronal Cells at JoVE.com

Gold Nanorod-assisted Optical Stimulation of Neuronal Cells

This protocol outlines how to use the transient heating associated with the optical absorption of gold nanorods to stimulate differentiation and intracellular calcium activity in neuronal cells. These results potentially open up new applications in neural prostheses and fundamental studies in neuroscience.

Altın Nöronal Hücrelerde optik Uyarım Nanorod destekli

Recent studies have demonstrated that nerves can be stimulated in a variety of ways by the transient heating associated with the absorption of infrared ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

Varsayılan Modu Ağ inceleyin Transkraniyal Manyetik Uyarım ve fMRI birleştiren

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful ...

Nörobilim

TMS: Using the Theta-Burst Protocol to Explore Mechanism of Plasticity in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome and Autism

TMS: Fragile X Sendromu ve Otizm Bireylerde Plastisite, Mechasnism keşfedin Theta-Burst Protokolü kullanma

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), also known as Martin-Bell Syndrome, is a genetic abnormality found on the X chromosome.1,2 Individuals suffering from FXS ...

The NeuroStar TMS Device: Conducting the FDA Approved Protocol for Treatment of Depression

NeuroStar TMS Aygıt: FDA yürütülmesi Depresyon Tedavisinde Protokolü Onaylandı

The Neuronetics NeuroStar Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) System is a class II medical device that produces brief duration, pulsed magnetic ...

Live-cell Imaging of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Intact Drosophila Pupae

Live-cell Imaging of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Intact Drosophila Pupae

Bozulmamış Duyu Organ Öncü Hücreler Canlı hücre Görüntüleme Drosophila Pupa

Since the discovery of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), there has been a revolutionary change in the use of live-cell imaging as a tool for understanding ...

Fast Micro-iontophoresis of Glutamate and GABA: A Useful Tool to Investigate Synaptic Integration

Glutamat ve GABA hızlı Micro-iyontoforez: Synaptic Entegrasyon Araştırma yararlı bir araç

One of the fundamental interests in neuroscience is to understand the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs along the very complex structure of ...

Optical Control of a Neuronal Protein Using a Genetically Encoded Unnatural Amino Acid in Neurons

Nöronlar bir Genetiği kodlanmış doğal olmayan Amino Asit kullanarak Nöronal Protein Optik Kontrol

Photostimulation is a noninvasive way to control biological events with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. New methods are desired to ...

Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays

Mikro Elektrod Dizilerinde Nöronal Hücre Kültürlerinin Uyarılmasına Ağ Yanıtına Zamana Bağlı Artış

Micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) can be used to investigate drug toxicity, design paradigms for next-generation personalized medicine, and study network ...

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Optik Koherens tomografi: Fare retina Ganglion hücreleri Vivo içinde görüntüleme

Structural changes in the retina are common manifestations of ophthalmic diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables their identification in ...

Chronic Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Intracortical Recording in Rats

Kronik Transkraniyal elektriksel stimülasyon ve Sıçanlarda Intracortical kayıt

Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is a powerful and relatively simple approach to diffusely influence brain activity either randomly or in a ...

Neuronal Differentiation from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells In vitro

Fare Embriyonik Kök Hücre in vitro nöronal farklılaşma

The neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) is a potential tool for elucidating the key mechanisms involved in neurogenesis and ...