Name: a simple and inexpensive method for determining cold sensitivity and adaptation in mice
Uploaded: 2015-03-17T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice at JoVE.com

The authors would like to acknowledge contributions from the entire Gereau Lab for manuscript editing. This work is supported by NINDS funds 1F31NS078852 to DSB and NINDS fund NS42595 to RWG.

Samtliga mus protokoll var i enlighet med National Institutes of Health riktlinjer och godkändes av Animal Studies kommittén Washington University School of Medicine (St Louis, MO). 1. Förbereda Testing Plate och Bilagor <ol><li> Rengör glasytan. </li><li> Säkra T-typ filatermoelementsond till ytan i mitten av glasplattan med laboratorie tejp. </li><li> Placera djurutrymmen på glasplattan i en enda linje längs mitten av plattan. </li><li> Trä termosonden genom centrumdjurhage och k...

<ol>
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The CPA can be used to assess cold sensitivity and cold adaptation in mice. It provides an affordable, efficient way to measure cold responses in unrestrained, acclimated animals at a wide variety of temperature ranges. It also provides an unambiguous behavioral response with an easily quantified and analyzed output variable. It has already been used to assess changes in cold sensitivity induced by inflammation1, neuropathic injury1, analgesics1, genetic knockouts20, and ge...

Mätning kall lyhördhet hos gnagare är viktigt för att förbättra förståelsen av de potentiella mekanismerna för kallt känslighet hos människor under både normala och patologiska tillstånd. Det kalla Plantar Assay (CPA), som ursprungligen utvecklades för flera år sedan en, är utformad för att generera reproducerbara, entydiga murina beteende svar på en kall stimulans levereras vid RT. Nyare förbättringar av denna analys har gjort det reproducerbar mätning av kall känslighet vid ett brett temperatur 2. Båda versionerna är också utformade för att vara relativt hög genomströmning, och billigt att använda. En hel del framsteg har gjorts i att förstå mekanismerna för kallt känsligheten med andra beteendemetoder. En metod är acetonavdunstning testet, vilket involverar dabbing eller sprutning aceton på musen tassen och mätning av mängden tid som musen tillbringar snärta tassen 3,4. Olyckligtvissvaren på aceton avdunstning är förvirrad av den våta känslan och lukten av aceton. Dessutom kan den kalla stimulans som tillämpas i aceton avdunstning testet variera beroende på mängd aceton tillämpas, och är svår att kvantifiera. Slutligen, oskadade möss har minimala reaktioner på aceton vid baslinjen, vilket gör det omöjligt att mäta smärtlindring i avsaknad av överkänslighet med denna metod. En annan klassisk analys för kalla svar är svansen flick-analysen, där latensen till återkallelse mäts efter svansen är nedsänkt i kallt vatten 5,6. Medan de beteendemässiga reaktioner i denna analys är entydiga och analysen mäter svar på en specifik temperatur, måste djuren hållas tillbaka under provningen, vilket kan förändra kallt lyhördhet genom väl beskrivna stressinducerade analgetiska mekanismer 7. Ett annat vanligt förekommande verktyg är kylplattan test, som mäter beteendesvaren från möss efter de släpps ut på en peltier kyld platta 8-10. Även detta verktyg ger information om djursvar vid specifika temperaturer, det har också inkonsekvent använts; olika grupper har mätt olika typer av reaktioner inklusive antal hopp 8,11, latensen till första svar 8,11- 13, och antalet tassen lyfter 11,13,14 med väldigt olika resultat. Den kalla plattan analysen är också relativt låg genomströmning som bara ett djur kan testas samtidigt, och det kräver en dyr och ömtålig peltier enhet. Den 2-plattan temperaturpreferenstestet är ett vanligt använt derivat av kylplattan test som mäter den relativa mängden tid som djuren tillbringar på 2 anslutna plattor av olika temperaturer 9,15- 17. En annan liknande vanligen använda analysen är värmegradienten assay, där den tid som mössen tillbringar i olika temperaturzoneri intervallet mellan 5 ° C och 45 ° C på en lång metallplatta mäts 16. Medan dessa analyser tillåter jämförelse av temperaturer, är det oklart om beteendet representerar temperatur motvilja eller temperatur önskemål. Slutligen har den dynamiska kylplatta analys använts för att mäta hur möss reagera på förändrade omgivningstemperaturer 18. Denna metod innebär att placera möss på en RT peltier enhet och rampning ner till 1 ° C under mäta hur mycket mössen hoppa eller slicka sina tassar på olika platttemperaturer. Även om detta testar hur möss anpassa sig till en kylande miljö, ger den inte ett sätt att testa hur möss svarar på en kall stimulans i inställningen av en svalare omgivningstemperatur. Dessutom kräver det dyr utrustning för att utföra och ger inte ett sätt att vänja möss till testutrustning innan mäta deras kalla känslighet. För att komplettera dessa analyser, testar CPA på ACCLIMAted svar på en väldefinierad kallt stimulans på en mängd olika temperaturområden, eller under färd med att anpassa sig till kalla temperaturer. Det kan testa upp till 14 möss i en tid med vår nuvarande apparatur, med potential att bli billigt skalas upp för hög genomströmning testning.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1209">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:320px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:353px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">T-type thermocouple probe</td>
			<td>Physitemp</td>
			<td>IT-24p</td>
			<td>Used to measure the surface temperature of the glass (http://www.physitemp.com/products/probesandwire/)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glass plate</td>
			<td>Local glass company (in St. Louis, Stemmerich Inc)</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>We use pyrex glass (borosilicate float). Our lab generally uses 1/4&#39;&#39;, but 3/16&#39;&#39; and 1/8&#39;&#39; are also useful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Thermal Data logger</td>
			<td>Extech</td>
			<td>EA15</td>
			<td>Thermologger to keep track of glass temperature (http://www.extech.com/instruments/product.asp?catid=64&#38;prodid=408)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">3mL Syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td align="right">309657</td>
			<td>The top is cut off, and dry ice is compressed in the syringe to generate a cold probe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Computer</td>
			<td>If using Extech logger, any Pcwill work</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Aluminum boxes</td>
			<td>Washington University in St. Louis machine shop</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>boxes are 3&#39; long, 4.5&#39;&#39; wide, and 3&#39;&#39; tall with a sealed lid.&#160; There is a 1/2&#39;&#39; hole drilled into one short side of each box, near the bottom. These holes are filled with rubber stopcocks when the boxes are filled with wet ice or hot water.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Heated water circulator</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any water circulator model with a pump will work</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">21 gauge needle</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td align="right">305165</td>
			<td>The exact needle size is not important</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hand timer</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any hand timer will work</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mirror</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any flat mirror will work</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a simple and inexpensive method for determining cold sensitivity and adaptation in mice

Cold hypersensitivity is a serious clinical problem, affecting a broad subset of patients and causing significant decreases in quality of life. The cold plantar assay allows the objective and inexpensive assessment of cold sensitivity in mice, and can quantify both analgesia and hypersensitivity. Mice are acclimated on a glass plate, and a compressed dry ice pellet is held against the glass surface underneath the hindpaw. The latency to withdrawal from the cooling glass is used as a measure of cold sensitivity.
Cold sensation is also important for survival in regions with seasonal temperature shifts, and in order to maintain sensitivity animals must be able to adjust their thermal response thresholds to match the ambient temperature. The Cold Plantar Assay (CPA) also allows the study of adaptation to changes in ambient temperature by testing the cold sensitivity of mice at temperatures ranging from 30 &#176;C to 5 &#176;C. Mice are acclimated as described above, but the glass plate is cooled to the desired starting temperature using aluminum boxes (or aluminum foil packets) filled with hot water, wet ice, or dry ice. The temperature of the plate is measured at the center using a filament T-type thermocouple probe. Once the plate has reached the desired starting temperature, the animals are tested as described above.
This assay allows testing of mice at temperatures ranging from innocuous to noxious. The CPA yields unambiguous and consistent behavioral responses in uninjured mice and can be used to quantify both hypersensitivity and analgesia. This protocol describes how to use the CPA to measure cold hypersensitivity, analgesia, and adaptation in mice.

De beteendesvar framkallat från möss med början vid 30 ° C, 23 ° C, 17 ° C och 12 ° C är mycket reproducerbar (figur 4A) 20. För att mäta den kalla stimulans som genereras under baktassen möss bedövas med en ketamin / xylazin / acepromazin cocktail och deras tassar säkrades på glaset på toppen av en T-typ glödtermoelement (Figur 4B) 20. Glaset kyldes eller värmdes till den önskade testområde. Även plattan kyles likformigt utmed längden av platt...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice at JoVE.com

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice

The Cold Plantar Assay (CPA) measures cold responsiveness between 30 &#176;C and 5 &#176;C, and can also measure cold adaptation. This protocol describes how to use the CPA to measure cold hypersensitivity, analgesia, and adaptation in mice.

En enkel och billig metod för bestämning Cold Känslighet och anpassning hos möss

Cold hypersensitivity is a serious clinical problem, affecting a broad subset of patients and causing significant decreases in quality of life.  The cold ...

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Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a serious health challenge. Despite a large hereditary component to AUD, few genes have been unambiguously implicated in ...

A Method to Target and Isolate Airway-innervating Sensory Neurons in Mice

En metod att rikta och Isolera Airway-innerverar sensoriska neuroner hos möss

Somatosensory nerves transduce thermal, mechanical, chemical, and noxious stimuli caused by both endogenous and environmental agents. The cell bodies of ...

A Simple One-step Dissection Protocol for Whole-mount Preparation of Adult Drosophila Brains

A Simple One-step Dissection Protocol for Whole-mount Preparation of Adult Drosophila Brains

En enkel steg Dissection protokoll för hel-mount Framställning av Adult<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Brains

There is an increasing interest in using Drosophila to model human brain degenerative diseases, map neuronal circuitries in adult brains, and study the ...

Novel Assay for Cold Nociception in Drosophila Larvae

Novel Assay for Cold Nociception in Drosophila Larvae

Novel analys för Cold Nociception i<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Larver

How organisms sense and respond to noxious temperatures is still poorly understood. Further, the mechanisms underlying sensitization of the sensory ...

Culturing In Vivo-like Murine Astrocytes Using the Fast, Simple, and Inexpensive AWESAM Protocol

Culturing In Vivo-like Murine Astrocytes Using the Fast, Simple, and Inexpensive AWESAM Protocol

Odling i Vivo-gillar murina astrocyter med snabb, enkel och billig AWESAM-protokollet

The AWESAM (a low-cost easy stellate astrocyte method) protocol entails a fast, simple, and inexpensive way to generate large quantities of in vivo-like ...