Name: applying stereotactic injection technique to study genetic effects on animal behaviors
Uploaded: 2015-05-10T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Applying Stereotactic Injection Technique to Study Genetic Effects on Animal Behaviors at JoVE.com

This work is supported in part by American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant and NARSAD Young Investigator Award to Yingwei Mao.

注：所有涉及动物的方案如下按照美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学的动物护理准则，IACUC＃44057 1.慢病毒生产注意：转染前一天，LentiX-293细胞应在80％汇合。 <ol><li>冲洗细胞用DMEM只是染前和孵育在10毫升的DMEM / 10％FBS中的与青霉素（100IU / ml）和链霉素（100微克/ ml）处理5分钟，在RT。 </li><li>在1ml DMEM中，并涡旋混合1分钟稀释的DNA和聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）（1毫克/毫?...

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成功立体定向注射依靠三个因素：保持鼠标活着，设置正确的零点为坐标（针的针尖上囟的交点和耳间线），和右深度设置为零点针（尖端只要触摸的脑组织的外部）。小鼠的存活率是重要的。手术存活可以通过确保鼠标正确麻醉并接收足够的止痛来辅助。疼痛是已知的恢复差的主要原因手术后。确保鼠标充分整个手术麻醉（它应该不会响应脚箍缩），并给予正确的剂量止痛剂（基于鼠标的重量?...

鼠标已经被广泛地应用于神经生物学，因为它很容易操纵基因。基因敲除技术允许研究人员调查了每个遗传因素形状的鼠标行为。此外，CRE-loxP系统提供了用于组织-一个有价值的工具和细胞类型特异性基因敲除小鼠中，这使研究人员研究基因功能在不同的组织。1然而，在实践中，CRE启动子的表达模式是难以控制，到目前为止，许多老牌CRE司机都没有实现区域特异性表达。2,3 可替代地，立体定向注射是靶向成年小鼠的特定脑区的方法。通过注射遗传工程病毒表达的cDNA或shRNA，基因表达的区域特定调制可以实现。虽然各小鼠的脑大小而定，特定脑区域的位置可以通过立体定向coordi来确定纳茨从设置在地标在小鼠大脑的颅骨。最常用的地标是前囟，λ，和耳间线。使用从脑图谱获得的坐标，每个脑区的4的准确位置可以由前-后（A / P），内侧-外侧（M / L）进行标识，并且背腹（D / V）从轴前囟门/双耳线的交点。通常病毒注射到小鼠的大脑的标签带是红色或绿色荧光蛋白（RFP或GFP），以使注射可以通过荧光显微镜来确认。 小鼠的行为评估是对精神疾病的基础研究尤为必要。精神障碍的患者的症状通常涉及异常行为。一些这些人类行为是进化上保守的，并且可以直接模仿和在小鼠观察到。例如，抑郁症可以通过测量行为绝望来建模在小鼠。患有抑郁症的人经常恩觉得好像没什么他们将永远帮助，症状可最终导致自杀。在啮齿动物中，这可以通过使用强迫游泳测试（FST），其测量小鼠游泳与漂浮在水的池（视为放弃）的时间量被建模。这一模式是由抢救表型抗抑郁验证。这已收到抗抑郁药会花显著更少的时间比不动未处理对照小鼠7,8,9。另一个行为测试，在旷场测试（OFT）的目的是评估在小鼠中运动，并且另外可用于分析在小鼠中急表型。5,6-该试验是基于这样的前提，老鼠感到更安全当它们接近到墙壁以一种新颖的开放领域。野生型小鼠最终将探索新的环境，因为他们是好奇的动物。然而，花费更少的时间在该场的中心表示在小鼠的焦虑，如鼠标将无法克服初始升恐惧的一种新的环境所带来的。鼠标的焦虑，作为定量的时间在开放场的中心所花费的金额，可以比作临床焦虑在人类中，这是目前在许多精神疾病。 立体定向注射用行为范例的结合是一种新颖的方式来改变以靶向脑区域中的特定基因的表达。然后可确定调制基因表达对小鼠行为的作用。与此相反，以全脑敲除，这种方法，因为它仅针对特定的大脑区域是特别有用的。此外，立体定向注射通常在成年野生型小鼠进行的，因此，内源基因表达已被保持在整个发育阶段。该方法将避免变乱影响，如果在发育的胚胎或产后阶段是必需的生存的基因。一个主要的限制是，实验小鼠需要去通过量h的侵入性手术，其中小鼠的头骨必须打开。此外，基因调制程度是由病毒的滴度和效率决定的。病毒需要被注入到正确的区域使用立体定向坐标，这需要特殊的仪器。正确的注射部位的验证才能完成验尸。 这种方法已经被先前用于测试在各种神经疾病的特定基因的参与。例如，病毒介导的RNA干扰的钍基因（它允许多巴胺要合成）注射到黑质致密，和运动行为分析进行。10另一项研究中使用立体定向注射慢病毒沉默DISC1，以评估相对于鼠标行为精神分裂症。 DISC1击倒导致增加运动响应于新颖性（精神分裂症平行阳性症状），并在更大的动FST 11同样地，额外的研究发现，5-HT 1B的过度表达导致增加的探索行为在OFT，在使用这种方法的抗焦虑表型一致。12立体定向注射可以提供CRE病毒以诱导重组在CRE-loxP小鼠。这种方法被用来有选择地删除在杏仁核的Y2受体和终纹床核。在行为分析，这些小鼠被发现时，基因被在中央杏仁核删除的抗抑郁表型，但是不用当该基因在基底外侧杏仁核或终纹床核删除表型。13因此，这种技术为研究对动物行为的遗传效应的独特工具。

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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Stereotactic Apparatus item 51725</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Stoelting co.</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">51725</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Quintessential stereotaxic pump&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Stoelting co.</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">53311</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Injection Styringe, 65 RN</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Hamilton</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7633-01</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D5796</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">PEI&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Polysciences Inc.</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">23966</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Fine Surgical Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14084-08</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Blunt end forceps</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Fine Surgical Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11002-12</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Needle holder&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Fine Surgical Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12001-13</td>
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			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:216px;">Drill</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Ram Products Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Microtorque control box, Tech2000 handpiece</td>
			<td>with pedal</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Glass bead sterilizer</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Inotech&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">IS-400</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Absorbable sutures&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Unify</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M-K518r19</td>
			<td>Absorbable, reverse cutting</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Cotton swabs</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">89031-270</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Heating pad</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Gaymar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T-pump TP-500 PN11184-000</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Artificial tears</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Rugby</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NDC 0536-6550-91</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Disposable syringe</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">BD Syringe</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">309623</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Cloth</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Gloves&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Ansell</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Senseitouch #7823</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Avertin or other anesthetic</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">see recipe citation</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Ketoprofen or other analgesic</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">see veternarian&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Tracking software</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Noldus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Ethovision XT</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Tracking Camera</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Noldus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Media Recorder</td>
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applying stereotactic injection technique to study genetic effects on animal behaviors

立体定向注射是一种非常有用的技术，以提供高滴度慢病毒，以有针对性的大脑区域在小鼠。慢病毒可以过表达或在一相对集中的区域击倒的基因表达，但无脑组织显著损伤。恢复后，注入鼠标可以在各种行为的任务，如开放场测试（OFT）和强迫游泳实验（FST）进行测试。该OFT旨在通过测量时间，一个鼠标花费以一种新颖的开放场的中心的量，以评估运动和焦虑的表型的小鼠。更着急的鼠标将花费显著更少的时间在小说领域的中心与对照组相比。该FST通过量化的时间花在老鼠当动放入一桶水量评估了抗抑郁的表型。鼠标具有抗抑郁型将花费显著更少的时间不动相比，控制动物。此协议的目的是使用STEReotactic注射慢病毒与行为测试相结合，以评估因素是如何遗传调控动物的行为。

<html>准确的立体定位注射液在很大程度上依赖于设置正确的坐标。用于将病毒注射针的尖端应直接在囟的交点和耳间线（ 图1）被设置。是有帮助的使用立体显微镜来确定针是否被正确地放置。当通过显微镜看，针应该定位成使得如果病毒被注射，这将直接落在前囟的交点与所述耳间线。即，开口在注射器针应放置的交点的正上方。在这项研究中，表达抗RBM8a，在所述外显子连接复合?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Applying Stereotactic Injection Technique to Study Genetic Effects on Animal Behaviors at JoVE.com

Applying Stereotactic Injection Technique to Study Genetic Effects on Animal Behaviors

立体定向注射慢病毒表达的cDNA或shRNA可在小鼠中的特定脑区调节基因表达。在这里，我们提出了一个协议，以立体定向注射结合行为的任务，如打开场测试（OFT）和强迫游泳试验（FST）。

应用立体定向注射技术在研究动物行为的遗传效应

Stereotactic injection is a useful technique to deliver high titer lentiviruses to targeted brain areas in mice. Lentiviruses can either overexpress or ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Stereotactic Injection of MicroRNA-expressing Lentiviruses to the Mouse Hippocampus CA1 Region and Assessment of the Behavioral Outcome

立体定向注射的microRNA表达慢病毒的小鼠海马CA1区和行为结果的评估

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory single-stranded RNA molecules around 22 nucleotides long that may each target numerous mRNA transcripts and dim an ...

科研

行为学

Assessing the Effects of Music Listening on Psychobiological Stress in Daily Life

评估音乐的影响听力在日常生活Psychobiological压力

Music listening is associated with stress-reducing effects. However, most of the results on music listening and stress were gathered in experimental ...

A Within-subjects Experimental Protocol to Assess the Effects of Social Input on Infant EEG

一个被试内实验协议，以评估对婴幼儿脑社会投入的影响

Despite the importance of social interactions for infant brain development, little research has assessed functional neural activation while infants ...

Establishment of a Valuable Mimic of Alzheimer's Disease in Rat Animal Model by Intracerebroventricular Injection of Composited Amyloid Beta Protein

脑室注射复合淀粉样蛋白β模型建立大鼠阿尔茨海默病的价值模拟

Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and is accompanied by neuron loss and structure ...

Testing Animal Anxiety in Rats: Effects of Open Arm Ledges and Closed Arm Wall Transparency in Elevated Plus Maze Test

大鼠动物焦虑症的实验研究: 开放臂壁和闭合臂墙透明度对高加迷宫试验的影响

The elevated plus maze test is a behavioral test for assessing animal anxiety in rodents. Although this test is widely applied in the field of behavioral ...

Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors

食品偏好行为的社会传播评价

Olfactory recognition deficits are suggested to be able to serve as clinical marker to differentiate Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD) subjects from healthy ...

Tickling, a Technique for Inducing Positive Affect When Handling Rats

痒, 一种诱发大鼠正向影响的技术

Handling small animals such as rats can lead to several adverse effects. These include the fear of humans, resistance to handling, increased injury risk ...

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

利用基于课堂的 deese roediger mcdermott 范式评估意象对虚假记忆的影响

Associated word list procedures can elicit false memories in predictable ways by inducing associative processing, thus making it harder to monitor the ...

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

使用五分钟言语样本程序评估家长对孩子的简短叙述的一致性

Valid and efficient measures for assessing the quality of parent-child relationships are needed to facilitate research and evidence-based practice with ...

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

应用 eMASS 定制计划作为评估消费者权益的研究工具

As many scholars and practitioners study personalization and relationship marketing, it is important to provide personalization such as mass customization ...