Name: removal of trace elements by cupric oxide nanoparticles from uranium in situ recovery bleed water and its effect on cell viability
Uploaded: 2015-06-21T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability at JoVE.com

We thank Dr. Roger Hopper and the Wyoming Department of Agriculture, Analytical Services Lab for the mass spectroscopy analysis of our samples. We would like to express our gratitude to the University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy for allowing us to video this protocol in their laboratories. We would also like to thank the Theodore O. and Dorothy S. King Endowed Professorship Agreement for their graduate assistantship (SC), the University of Wyoming for the Graduate Assistantship support (JRS), and the Science Posse (NSF GK-12 Project # 084129) for the teaching fellowship (JRS). We would also like to thank Uranium One for allowing us to obtain samples and assisting us with questions. This work was supported by the School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming.

Alle prøver ble samlet på uran flytende behandlings bygging av en uran ISR anlegg i Wyoming. 1. Produksjon Bleed Vann (PBW) <ol><li> Samle to typer vannprøver fra en ISR uran anlegget: PBW og omvendt osmose (RO) vann. Samle PBW fra et overvåkings springen etter ionebytting prosessen, men før omvendt osmose dekontaminering. Samle RO prøver etter PBW er dekontamineres ved omvendt osmose behandling. MERK: Lixiviant transporteres i rørledninger fra flere brønn felt til uran flyt...

<ol>
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Tidligere studier har rapportert at CuO-NPs fjernet arsen fra grunnvann 11,13,30,31. Denne studien støtter disse tidligere funn og rapporterer at CuO-NPs fjerne flere forurensninger fra PBW også. Denne undersøkelsen bekrefter også tidligere rapporter at CuO-NPS er effektive ved arsen fjerning, til tross for tilstedeværelsen av andre forurensninger og potensielle konkurrerende ioner 11. Spesiering modellering anslått at 97% av vanadium arter i PBW er negativt ladet, slik at for adsorpsjon til ...

Omtrent 20% av den amerikanske strømforsyningen er levert av atomenergi og, delvis basert på nasjonale insentiver til å øke energiuavhengighet, amerikanske kjernefysiske kapasitet forventes å øke 1. Verdensomspennende vekst av atomenergi også forventes å fortsette, med mye av veksten inntreffer utenfor USA to. Som i 2013, ble 83% av amerikanske uran importert, men 952 544 tonn reserver finnes i USA 3,4. I 2013 var det 7 nye anlegget programmer og 14 restart / ekspansjonsprogrammer mellom Wyoming, New Mexico, og Nebraska 5. I USA er uran hovedsakelig hentet gjennom in situ utvinning (ISR) behandler seks. ISR fører til mindre land avbrudd og unngår å skape tailing hauger som kan frigjøre miljøgifter 7. ISR anvender vannbaserte oksiderende løsninger til å lekke uran fra den underjordiske malmkroppen, hvoretter uran ekstraheres fra utlutningsvæsken viaen ionebytter-prosess 8. For å opprettholde en negativ vannbalansen i malmkroppen, en del av sigevann, kalt produksjons blø vann (PBW), ventileres ut. En del av PBW dekontamineres ved hjelp av omvendt osmose (RO) og re-innføres i gruvedrift prosessen, men PBW også kunne ha gunstige industri eller jordbruk bruker, hvis toksiske forurensende stoffer reduseres til et akseptabelt nivå bestemt av statlige reguleringsorganer for flate og grunnvann 9. Foreløpig fleste ISR uran lokale bruke RO å fjerne forurensninger fra PBW. Imidlertid er RO behandling energikrevende og gir giftig avfall saltvann, noe som krever regulert disposisjon. Mange vann dekontaminering metoder finnes, inkludert adsorbenter, membraner, og ionebytting. Av disse er adsorpsjon den mest brukte, og den siste utviklingen i nanopartikkel syntese har forbedret mulighetene til adsorbent baserte vann dekontamineringsprosesser 10. Cupric oxide nanopartikler (CuO-NPS) tidligere ikke hadde blitt grundig studert på uran ISR PBW, men i nyere studier av forurensningsfjerning fra grunnvann, ble CuO-NPs funnet å ha unike egenskaper, inkludert uten egen pre- eller post-vann behandlingstrinn ( f.eks, justere pH eller redokspotensial) og gode resultater i ulike vann komposisjoner (for eksempel i forskjellige pH-verdier, saltkonsentrasjoner, eller konkurrerende ioner) 11. I tillegg er CuO-NPS lett regenereres ved utluting med natriumhydroksyd (NaOH), hvoretter den regenererte CuO-NPS kan gjenbrukes. Detaljer av CuO-NP spormetallfiltreringsmuligheter fra naturlige vannmassene har tidligere blitt publisert 11-14. Selv om nyttige for vannbehandling, kan metall-oksyd-nanopartikler være toksiske for levende organismer, men omfanget av toksisiteten avhenger delvis av nanopartikkelegenskaper og bestanddeler 10,15,16. Derfor er det viktig å studere simultaneous forurensende fjerning og nanopartikkel toksisitet før feltapplikasjoner. Den aktuelle studien bestemmes evnen til CuO-NPs å fjerne vekt prioriterte miljøgifter (inkludert arsen, selen, vanadium og uran), og vurdert effekten av CuO-NP behandling på PBW cytotoksisitet. PBW ble oppsamlet fra en aktiv ISR uran anlegget og anvendes for å bestemme effekten av CuO-NP behandling i prioritert forurensningsfjerning. PBW cytotoksisitet før og etter CuO-NP behandling ble også vurdert. PBW er en kompleks geologisk (industri / miljø) blanding og både National Institute of Environmental Health and Science (NIEHS) og Direktoratet for giftige stoffer og Disease Registry (ASTDR) legger vekt på å studere giftigheten av miljørelevante blandinger, herunder blandinger som de finnes i naturen eller industrielle innstillinger, samt fremme in vitro testing for å prioritere kjemikalier for ytterligere in vivo testing17-19. Studier av kroniske, lav dose blanding eksponeringer er utfordrende fordi kronisk eksponering for en lav dose blanding ikke produsere åpenbare effekter, i hvert fall ikke på kort tidsramme for de fleste laboratoriestudier. Tilsvarende har de fleste in vitro-studier av kjemiske blandinger eksponere cellene til en definert lab-laget blanding av to eller flere metaller 20,21. Disse studiene gir grunnlagsinformasjon, men forenklede blandingen ikke replikere komplekse antagonistiske og synergistiske interaksjoner som kan oppstå i en innfødt, miljøprøve, der hele spekteret av blandingskomponenter er til stede. Målene for denne studien var å undersøke alternative forurensningsfjerningsmekanismer for PBW og for å evaluere effekten av (CuO-NP) behandling på PBW cytotoksisitet hjelp dyrkede humane celler. Resultatene kan være til nytte uran industrien gjennom utvikling av mer effektive eller miljøvennlige metoder for fjerning av forurensninger. Denne studien girdet første beviset på at reduksjon av prioriterte miljøgifter i PBW av CuO-NPs reduserer cytotoksisitet i pattedyrceller 22.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="892">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:315px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">CuCl2</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Sigma</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">203149</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Borosilicate glass balls</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">VWR</td>
			<td>26396-639</td>
			<td>6 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Nitric Acid</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>A509-P500</td>
			<td>Trace metal grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.45 mm syringe filter</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SLHA 033S S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">10X EMEM</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BW12-684F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">ATCC</td>
			<td>30-2020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">L-glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP379-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">NaHCO3</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S5761</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">30-2300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.22 mm vacuum filter unit</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">09-740-28C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">HEK293</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CRL-1573</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">HEPG2</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HB-8065</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Trypsin</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SV3003101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">MTT</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M2128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">D-penicillamine</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ICN15180680</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">96-well plates</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">07-200-92</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D12814</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Spectra Max 190</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Molecular Devices</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Visual MINTEQ version 3.0</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">KTH Royal Institute of Technology</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">ICP-MS&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Details of instruments, models and detection limits were published in Reddy et al., 2013.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">IC DIONEX DX 500</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Dionex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Details of instruments, models and detection limits were published in Reddy et al., 2013.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">VWR Incubator</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

removal of trace elements by cupric oxide nanoparticles from uranium in situ recovery bleed water and its effect on cell viability

In situ utvinning (ISR) er den dominerende metoden av uran utvinning i USA. Under ISR, er uran lekket fra en malm kropp og hentet gjennom ionebytte. Den resulterende produksjonsuttaks vann (PBW) inneholder forurensninger som arsen og andre tungmetaller. Prøver av PBW fra en aktiv ISR uran anlegget ble behandlet med kupri oksid nanopartikler (CuO-NPS). CuO-NP behandling av vektdeler redusert satsings forurensninger, blant arsen, selen, uran og vanadium. Ubehandlet og CuO-NP behandlede PBW ble anvendt som den flytende komponent i cellevekstmedier og endringer i levedyktigheten ble bestemt ved MTT (3- (4,5-dimetyltiazol-2-yl) -2,5-difenyltetrazoliumbromid) assay i human embryonisk nyre (HEK 293) og human leverkreft (Hep G2) celler. CuO-NP behandling var assosiert med forbedret HEK og HEP celle levedyktighet. Begrensninger av denne metoden inkluderer fortynning av PBW av vekstmedier komponenter og under osmolsaklighet justering samt nødvendig å justere pH. Denne metoden er begrenset i sin bredere sammenheng på grunn av utvanningseffekter og endringer i pH i PBW som tradisjonelt er svakt sur imidlertid; denne metoden kan ha en bredere bruk vurdere CuO-NP behandling i mer nøytrale farvann.

Vektdeler komponent konsentrasjoner og pH i ubehandlet og CuO-NP-behandlede PBW er rapportert i tabell 1. Martinson og Reddy (2009), rapporterte at et punkt med null ladning av CuO-NP er beregnet til 9,4 ± 0,4. Gitt at pH for PBW var 7,2-7,4, under disse betingelser, donerer vann protoner til CuO-NPS, forårsaker nanopartikkel overflaten som skal positivt ladet slik at for adsorpsjon av negativt ladede arter. CuO-NP behandlings fjernet prioriterte forurensninger fra PBW, blant arsen, selen, uran og van...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability at JoVE.com

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Production bleed water (PBW) was treated with cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) and cellular toxicity was assessed in cultured human cells. The goal of this protocol was to integrate the native environmental sample into a cell culture format assessing the changes in toxicity due to CuO-NP treatment.

Fjerning av Trace Elements av Cupric Oxide Nanopartikler fra Uran<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Recovery Bleed Vann og dens effekt på Cell Livskraftig

In situ recovery (ISR) is the predominant method of uranium extraction in the United States. During ISR, uranium is leached from an ore body and extracted ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Laboratory Estimation of Net Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of PCB Congeners to Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Its Prey

Laboratory Estimation of Net Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of PCB Congeners to Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush from Its Prey

Laboratory Estimering av Net trofiske overføringer effektiviteten av PCB-forbindelsene til Lake Trout (<em&gt; Salvelinus namaycush</em&gt;) Fra sitt bytte

A technique for laboratory estimation of net trophic transfer efficiency (&#947;) of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners to piscivorous fish from ...

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EPA Method 1615 was developed with a goal of providing a standard method for measuring enteroviruses and noroviruses in environmental and drinking waters. ...

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR

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EPA Method 1615 measures enteroviruses and noroviruses present in environmental and drinking waters. This method was developed with the goal of having a ...

A CO2 Concentration Gradient Facility for Testing CO2 Enrichment and Soil Effects on Grassland Ecosystem Function

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En CO<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; Konsentrasjon Gradient anlegg for testing CO<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; Berikelse og geoteknikk Effekter på Grass Ecosystem Funksjon

Continuing increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (CA) mandate techniques for examining impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Most ...

Evaluating the Effect of Environmental Chemicals on Honey Bee Development from the Individual to Colony Level

Evaluere effekten av miljø Kjemikalier på Honey Bee utvikling fra den enkelte til Colony nivå

The presence of pesticides in the beekeeping environment is one of the most serious problems that impacts the life of a honey bee. Pesticides can be ...

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Fastsettelse av uorganiske arsen i et bredt utvalg av mat matriser bruker hydrid generasjon - Atomic absorpsjon massespektrometri.

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) underlined in its Scientific Opinion on Arsenic in Food that in order to support a sound exposure assessment to ...

Experimental Column Setup for Studying Anaerobic Biogeochemical Interactions Between Iron (Oxy)Hydroxides, Trace Elements, and Bacteria

Experimental Column Setup for Studying Anaerobic Biogeochemical Interactions Between Iron OxyHydroxides, Trace Elements, and Bacteria

Eksperimentell kolonneinnstillinger for å studere anaerob Biogeochemical vekselsvirkningene mellom jern (Oxy) Hydroxides, sporstoffer og bakterier

Fate and speciation of trace elements (TEs), such as arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg), in aquifers are closely related to physio-chemical conditions, such as ...

Bioindication Testing of Stream Environment Suitability for Young Freshwater Pearl Mussels Using In Situ Exposure Methods

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Bioindication Testing av strømmen miljø egnet for unge ferskvann perle blåskjell med i Situ eksponering metoder

Knowledge of habitat suitability for freshwater mussels is an important step in the conservation of this endangered species group. We describe a protocol ...

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Vurdere svevestøv fjerning evner av tre blader

Based on the conventional cleaning methods (water cleaning (WC) + brush cleaning (BC)), this study evaluated the influence of ultrasonic cleaning (UC) on ...