Name: live imaging of nicotine induced calcium signaling and neurotransmitter release along ventral hippocampal axons
Uploaded: 2015-06-24T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Live Imaging of Nicotine Induced Calcium Signaling and Neurotransmitter Release Along Ventral Hippocampal Axons at JoVE.com

We thank Yehui Qin and Mallory Myers for technical support. We also thank Dr. Sigismund Huck for providing us the anti-&#945;4-ECD antibody. This work is supported by National Institutes of Health grant NS22061 to L. W. R.

Todos los experimentos con animales se llevaron a cabo de acuerdo con los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de Guía para el Cuidado y Uso de Animales de Laboratorio (NIH Publicaciones Nº 80-23, revisado 2012) y los estudios fueron aprobados por Institucional Cuidado de Animales y el uso de los Comités de Investigación en Stony Brook University (# 1618 y # 1792). 1. vHipp-NACC sinápticas Co-culturas <ol><li> Ratones Sacrificio (día postnatal 0-3, de tipo salvaje (WT) o nAChR α7 línea d...

<ol>
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La preparación de co-cultivo describe re-capitula circuitos del hipocampo ventral-accumbens in vitro. Este examen permite la preparación relativamente sencillo y fiable de los perfiles espaciales y temporales por el cual la activación de nAChR pre-sinápticos obtener mejor transmisión glutamatérgica 5, 21. Co-culturas se definen como el crecimiento de diferentes tipos de células específicas en un plato que puede proporcionar condiciones fisiológicas in vitro</...

Modulación de la excitabilidad colinérgica circuito contribuye a aspectos fundamentales de la cognición, y alterado modulación colinérgica es una característica de trastornos neurodegenerativos y neuropsiquiátricos incluyendo la enfermedad de Alzheimer, enfermedad de Parkinson, la esquizofrenia y la adicción 1-4. Un mecanismo establecido de la facilitación de la transmisión sináptica colinérgica en el sistema nervioso central es a través de la activación directa de nAChR localizadas en los sitios pre-sinápticas. La activación de estos receptores presinápticos conduce a un aumento de Ca2 + intracelular ([Ca 2 +] i) en los terminales presinápticos - tanto de forma directa, debido a la relativamente alta conductancia de calcio de ciertos subtipos de nAChR, e indirectamente, a través de cascadas de señalización intracelular 5, mejorando de este modo la liberación de neurotransmisores. De hecho, la activación de nAChR pre-sinápticos se ha relacionado con los cambios en la liberación de una amplia variedad de neurotransmisores incluyendo glutamato, GABA, ACh, unand dopamina 6-10. Aunque este proceso se ha estudiado indirectamente usando métodos electrofisiológicos en varias sinapsis, los reporteros ópticas de [Ca2 +] i y el reciclado de vesículas sinápticas permiten una medición más directa y temporalmente precisa de los fenómenos pre-sinápticos. Localización presináptica de nAChR se ha demostrado de forma convincente con el etiquetado inmuno-oro directa de nAChR en el microscopio electrónico (EM) nivel de 11,12. Varias otras técnicas también se han utilizado para tratar la localización nAChR indirectamente, incluyendo la detección de lugares de nAChRs subunit- quimeras de proteínas fluorescentes en neuronas cultivadas 13,14, registro electrofisiológico de las corrientes de nAChR en las terminales sinápticas 15,16, seguimiento de los cambios inducidos por la nicotina en [Ca 2 +] i en las terminales nerviosas sinápticas de imágenes en vivo de células 17, y la supervisión indirecta de la liberación de neurotransmisores en la terminal sináptica portécnicas de imagen de células vivas con indicadores fluorescentes, incluyendo exocitosis de vesículas sinápticas vistos por estirilo tintes anfipáticas FM (FM1-43 y FM4-64) y / o synapto-pHluorin y por los reporteros fluorescentes neurotransmisores específicos, como CNiFERs de ACh y iGluSnFr para el glutamato 18-20. En general, estos enfoques actuales para la identificación de la localización presináptica de nAChR son complicados y requieren sistemas y técnicas especiales para permitir la identificación fiable y monitorización fisiológica de la actividad presináptica. Aquí se describen los protocolos y equipos para un sistema de co-cultivo in vitro de un hipocampo ventral (vHipp) - núcleo accumbens (NACC) de circuito que proporciona acceso directo a identificar y analizar los dos componentes pre y post-sinápticos de la transmisión sináptica. Mostramos ejemplos de localización presináptica de nAChR y la imagen de células vivas de nAChR mediada por Ca 2 + de señalización y la liberación de neurotransmisores aloaxones ng vHipp. Una extensión natural (y sencillo) del protocolo que se presenta aquí es la preparación de los contactos pre y post-sináptica compuestos por neuronas de diferentes genotipos. De esta manera la contribución de un producto génico particular, a la pre y / o post-sinápticas mecanismos de modulación se puede evaluar directamente.

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			<td></td>
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			<td>1, Culture Media (50 ml)</td>
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			<td>Neurobasal&#160;</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>10888022</td>
			<td>48 ml</td>
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			<td>B-27 Supplements</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>0080085-SA</td>
			<td>1 ml</td>
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			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>10908-010</td>
			<td>0.5 ml</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>GlutaMAX Supplement</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>35050-061</td>
			<td>0.5 ml</td>
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			<td>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>20 ng/ml</td>
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			<td>2, washing media (HBSS, 100 ml)</td>
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			<td>HBSS, no calcium, no magnesium, no phenol red&#160;</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>14175-095</td>
			<td>99 ml</td>
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			<td>GIBCO</td>
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			<td>1 ml</td>
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			<td>3, HEPES buffered saline&#160; (HBS)&#160;&#160; pH=7.3</td>
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			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S9888&#160;</td>
			<td>135 mM</td>
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			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P9333&#160;</td>
			<td>5 mM</td>
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			<td>MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M8266&#160;</td>
			<td>1 mM</td>
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			<td>CaCl2,</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C1016&#160;</td>
			<td>2 mM</td>
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			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H3375&#160;</td>
			<td>10 mM</td>
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			<td>Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G0350500&#160;</td>
			<td>10 mM</td>
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			<td>4, HBS Cocktail for live imaging pH=7.3</td>
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			<td>NaCl</td>
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			<td>S9888&#160;</td>
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			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P9333&#160;</td>
			<td>5 mM</td>
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			<td>MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M8266&#160;</td>
			<td>1 mM</td>
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			<td>CaCl2,</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C1016&#160;</td>
			<td>2 mM</td>
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			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H3375&#160;</td>
			<td>10 mM</td>
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			<td>Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G0350500&#160;</td>
			<td>10 mM</td>
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			<td>tetrodotoxin&#160;</td>
			<td>Tocris</td>
			<td>1078</td>
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			<td>bicuculline</td>
			<td>Tocris</td>
			<td>131</td>
			<td>10 &#181;M</td>
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			<td>Tocris</td>
			<td>105</td>
			<td>50 &#181;M</td>
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			<td>CNQX</td>
			<td>Tocris</td>
			<td>1045</td>
			<td>20 &#181;M</td>
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			<td>LY341495</td>
			<td>Tocris</td>
			<td>1209</td>
			<td>10 &#181;M</td>
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			<td>5, Calcium-free&#160; HBS&#160;&#160; pH=7.3</td>
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			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S9888&#160;</td>
			<td>135 mM</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>KCl</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P9333&#160;</td>
			<td>5 mM</td>
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			<td>MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M8266&#160;</td>
			<td>1 mM</td>
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			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H3375&#160;</td>
			<td>10 mM</td>
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			<td>Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G0350500&#160;</td>
			<td>10 mM</td>
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			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>6, 56 mM Potassium ACSF pH=7.4</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S9888</td>
			<td>119 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KCl</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P9333</td>
			<td>56 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgSO4.7H</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M1880</td>
			<td>1.3 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CaCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C1016</td>
			<td>2.5 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaH2PO4</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S8282</td>
			<td>1 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaHCO3</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S5761</td>
			<td>26.2 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G0350500&#160;</td>
			<td>10 mM</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

live imaging of nicotine induced calcium signaling and neurotransmitter release along ventral hippocampal axons

Sustained enhancement of axonal signaling and increased neurotransmitter release by the activation of pre-synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is an important mechanism for neuromodulation by acetylcholine (ACh). The difficulty with access to probing the signaling mechanisms within intact axons and at nerve terminals both in vitro and in vivo has limited progress in the study of the pre-synaptic components of synaptic plasticity. Here we introduce a gene-chimeric preparation of ventral hippocampal (vHipp)&#8211;accumbens (nAcc) circuit in vitro that allows direct live imaging to analyze both the pre- and post-synaptic components of transmission while selectively varying the genetic profile of the pre- vs post-synaptic neurons. We demonstrate that projections from vHipp microslices, as pre-synaptic axonal input, form multiple, reliable glutamatergic synapses with post-synaptic targets, the dispersed neurons from nAcc. The pre-synaptic localization of various subtypes of nAChRs are detected and the pre-synaptic nicotinic signaling mediated synaptic transmission are monitored by concurrent electrophysiological recording and live cell imaging. This preparation also provides an informative approach to study the pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms of glutamatergic synaptic plasticity in vitro.

La preparación empleada consiste en genes quiméricos co-cultivos de circuitos vHipp-NACC in vitro. Las proyecciones que emanan de microslices vHipp, como entrada axonal presináptica, pueden hacer contactos sinápticos con las metas post-sinápticas, las neuronas dispersas de NACC. Indujo un (≥ 30 min) la facilitación sostenida de la transmisión glutamatérgica de las neuronas NACC inervados por vHipp nicotina axones 21 y prolongada de calcio de señalización a lo largo de los axones vHipp <su...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Live Imaging of Nicotine Induced Calcium Signaling and Neurotransmitter Release Along Ventral Hippocampal Axons at JoVE.com

Live Imaging of Nicotine Induced Calcium Signaling and Neurotransmitter Release Along Ventral Hippocampal Axons

We developed a gene-chimeric preparation of ventral hippocampal &#8211; accumbens circuit in vitro that allows direct live imaging to analyze presynaptic mechanisms of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediated synaptic transmission. This preparation also provides an informative approach to study the pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms of synaptic plasticity.

Imágenes en vivo de nicotina señalización de calcio inducido y neurotransmisor lanzamiento Junto ventrales hipocampo axones

Sustained enhancement of axonal signaling and increased neurotransmitter release by the activation of pre-synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ...

Research

Education

JoVE Core

JoVE Journal

Pharmacology

Neuroscience

Unit 1

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Neuromodulation and Mitochondrial Transport: Live Imaging in Hippocampal Neurons over Long Durations

La neuromodulación y mitocondrial de transporte: Imágenes en vivo en las neuronas del hipocampo durante largos períodos de tiempo

To understand the relationship between mitochondrial transport and neuronal function, it is critical to observe mitochondrial behavior in live cultured ...

Investigación

Neurociencias

Live Imaging of Dorsal Root Axons after Rhizotomy

Imágenes en vivo de los axones de la raíz dorsal después de rizotomía

The primary sensory axons injured by spinal root injuries fail to regenerate into the spinal cord, leading to chronic pain and permanent sensory loss. ...

Analyzing Murine Schwann Cell Development Along Growing Axons

Analizar el desarrollo de células murinas Schwann largo de los axones en crecimiento

The  development of peripheral nerves is an intriguing process. Neurons send out  axons to innervate specific targets, which in humans are often more than ...

Calcium Phosphate Transfection of Primary Hippocampal Neurons

Fosfato de Calcio La transfección de Primaria neuronas del hipocampo

Calcium phosphate precipitation is a convenient and economical method for transfection of cultured cells. With optimization, it is possible to use this ...

Live Imaging of Drosophila Larval Neuroblasts

Live Imaging of Drosophila Larval Neuroblasts

Imágenes en vivo de<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; larvales neuroblastos

Stem cells divide asymmetrically to generate two progeny cells with unequal fate potential: a self-renewing stem cell and a differentiating cell. Given ...

Acute Dissociation of Lamprey Reticulospinal Axons to Enable Recording from the Release Face Membrane of Individual Functional Presynaptic Terminals

Agudo Disociación de lamprea reticuloespinal axones para permitir la grabación del estreno de la cara de la membrana de individuales Terminales presinápticos funcionales

Synaptic transmission is an extremely rapid process. Action potential driven influx of Ca2+&#160;into the presynaptic terminal, through voltage-gated ...

Fluorescence and Bioluminescence Imaging of Subcellular Ca2+ in Aged Hippocampal Neurons

Fluorescence and Bioluminescence Imaging of Subcellular Ca2+ in Aged Hippocampal Neurons

Fluorescencia y bioluminiscencia de imágenes de subcelular Ca<sup&gt; 2 +</sup&gt; Envejecido en las neuronas del hipocampo

Susceptibility to neuron cell death associated to neurodegeneration and ischemia are exceedingly increased in the aged brain but mechanisms responsible ...

Dorsal Root Ganglia Isolation and Primary Culture to Study Neurotransmitter Release

Aislamiento de los ganglios de raíz dorsal y en cultivo primario para el estudio de liberación de neurotransmisor

Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contain cell bodies of sensory neurons. This type of neuron is pseudo-unipolar, with two axons that innervate peripheral ...

Ex Vivo Calcium Imaging for Visualizing Brain Responses to Endocrine Signaling in Drosophila

Ex Vivo Calcium Imaging for Visualizing Brain Responses to Endocrine Signaling in Drosophila

Ex Vivo Proyección de imagen de calcio para la visualización de las respuestas cerebrales a la señalización endocrina en Drosophila

Organ-to-organ communication by endocrine signaling, for example, from the periphery to the brain, is essential for maintaining homeostasis. As a model ...

Spectral Reflectometric Microscopy on Myelinated Axons In Situ

Spectral Reflectometric Microscopy on Myelinated Axons In Situ

Microscopía espectral reflectométrico en axones mielinizados en Situ

In a mammalian nervous system, myelin provides an electrical insulation by enwrapping the axon fibers in a multilayered spiral. Inspired by its ...