Name: intranasal administration of recombinant influenza vaccines in chimeric mouse models to study mucosal immunity
Uploaded: 2015-06-25T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Influenza Vaccines in Chimeric Mouse Models to Study Mucosal Immunity at JoVE.com

We thank Sergio G&#243;mez-Medina for excellent technical support with mouse experiments. This work was supported by funds from the Leibniz Association and the Leibniz Center of Infection. A.L. is a recipient of a pre-doctoral fellowship from the Leibniz Graduate School.

Experimentos em animais foram realizados de acordo com protocolos aprovados e seguir as orientações da lei alemã de protecção animal. Todos os funcionários que realizam experiências com animais passaram programas de treinamento de acordo com a categoria B ou C da Federação das Associações Europeias de Ciências Animais de Laboratório. 1. Geração de recombinante vivo atenuado Vacinas contra Influenza por genética reversa NOTA: O protocolo detalhado pa...

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Neste estudo, descrevemos como genética e modelos quiméricos ratinho inversa pode ser utilizada para elucidar os mecanismos fisiológicos e moleculares de imunidade induzida pela vacina. Genética reversa Influenza é estabelecida em muitos laboratórios e tem desempenhado um papel principal na compreensão patogênese da gripe, replicação e transmissão 17. Um ponto-chave em nosso protocolo é resgate de vacinas contra a gripe adaptados ao frio que expressam epitopos estrangeiros. Embora a estratégia de...

A geração de memória imunológica, na ausência de doença é a base fisiológica de vacinação eficiente 1. Recentemente, sistemas de abordagens baseadas em biologia têm revelado que as vacinas de sucesso, como a vacina contra a febre amarela, induzir uma forte indução de resposta imune inata e ativação de vários subconjuntos de células dendríticas (DCs), que por sua vez, levam a multilinhagens ativação de antígeno células T específicas 2,3. Uma vez que as DCs são a única população de células imunitárias, com a capacidade para activar células T ingénuas específicas de antigénio 4, o estudo da sua função durante a vacinação é fundamental para compreender as respostas imunitárias a vacinas e para conceber estratégias futuras contra patógenos desafiantes. Um sistema que permite o rastreio de diferentes subconjuntos DCs durante as respostas imunitárias a vacinas seria desejável, a fim de estabelecer uma cinética precisas de migração DC para tecidos linfóides, e, por conseguinte, para fornecerinsights sobre os mecanismos fisiológicos responsáveis ​​pela iniciação da imunidade adaptativa específicas de vacina. Com base genética inversa abordagens oferecem a possibilidade de gerar modificado, as vacinas vivas atenuadas que podem ser utilizadas experimentalmente com esta finalidade. Desde sua implantação, em investigação sobre a gripe, genética inversa à base de plasmídeo tem sido amplamente utilizada para gerar linhagens recombinantes de gripe, incluindo LAIVs. Os protocolos padrão para resgatar os vírus influenza recombinantes requerem multi-transfecção de linhas celulares altamente transfectáveis ​​com plasmídeos que produzem ambisense (tanto positivo como negativo de ARN senso) contendo os segmentos virais oito da gripe, bem como um sistema de amplificação no permissiva tais como Madin-Darby de rim canino ( ) células MDCK e / ou frango ovos embrionados 5. No entanto, a aplicação da genética reversa para gerar ferramentas moleculares para o estudo dos mecanismos imunológicos das vacinação permanece inexplorado. A geraçãode novos modelos de ratos, permitindo a depleção específica de subconjuntos de células imunes, incluindo CDs, abriu novas possibilidades para compreender os mecanismos imunológicos básicos subjacentes proteção provocada por vacina. A comparação entre as funções de subconjunto DC em camundongos e humanos revelou que, em grande medida, mouse e DCs humanas são funcionalmente homóloga 6,7, estes resultados sugerem fortemente que o desenvolvimento de modelos de mouse que permite a depleção específica de DCs no estado estacionário e durante condições inflamatórias, pode servir para entender a fisiologia das respostas DC em seres humanos. Nos últimos anos uma série de modelos de ratos têm sido gerado transportando transgenes que expressam o receptor da toxina da difteria de símio (DT) (DTR) sob o controlo da região do promotor de um gene de interesse 8,9. Desde tecidos de ratinho não expressam naturalmente DTR, estes modelos permitem esgotamento condicional de subconjuntos de células que carregam o gene alvo de interesse sobre inoculação em camundongos com DT. Assim, a nossa ability para esgotar as DCs específicas e outros leucócitos in vivo durante processos fisiológicos, foi grandemente melhorada pelo desenvolvimento de ro baseado no DTR. No entanto, enquanto estes modelos de ratinhos transgénicos têm sido amplamente utilizados para compreender a ontogenia do sistema imunitário, a sua aplicação para o desenvolvimento de vacinas tem sido pouco testada. Aqui, através da combinação de gripe genética reversa e quimeras de medula óssea competitivos baseados em DTR, propomos um método para estudar a cinética de imunidade da vacina, bem como a função do gene individual durante as respostas imunes às vacinas in vivo. A aplicação desta tecnologia para a avaliação pré-clínica de novas vacinas contra doenças infecciosas desafiadoras poderia ajudar a racionalizar o desenho da vacina e para testar vacinas candidatas in vivo.

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			<td>Dulbecco&#180;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM 1X)</td>
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			<td>eFluor 450-Anti-mouse MHCII (Md/114.15.2)</td>
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			<td>BD Bioscience</td>
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			<td>Baytril 2.5%</td>
			<td>Bayer</td>
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			<td>Ovalbumin&#160;</td>
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			<td>BD FACsCanto II Flow cytometer</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
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			<td>FlowJo cell analysis software 9.5</td>
			<td>Flowjo inc.</td>
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			<td>Countess Automatic Cell Counter</td>
			<td>Invitrogen-Life Technologies</td>
			<td>C10227</td>
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intranasal administration of recombinant influenza vaccines in chimeric mouse models to study mucosal immunity

Vaccines are one of the greatest achievements of mankind, and have saved millions of lives over the last century. Paradoxically, little is known about the physiological mechanisms that mediate immune responses to vaccines perhaps due to the overall success of vaccination, which has reduced interest into the molecular and physiological mechanisms of vaccine immunity. However, several important human pathogens including influenza virus still pose a challenge for vaccination, and may benefit from immune-based strategies. 
Although influenza reverse genetics has been successfully applied to the generation of live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs), the addition of molecular tools in vaccine preparations such as tracer components to follow up the kinetics of vaccination in vivo, has not been addressed. In addition, the recent generation of mouse models that allow specific depletion of leukocytes during kinetic studies has opened a window of opportunity to understand the basic immune mechanisms underlying vaccine-elicited protection. Here, we describe how the combination of reverse genetics and chimeric mouse models may help to provide new insights into how vaccines work at physiological and molecular levels, using as example a recombinant, cold-adapted, live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). We utilized laboratory-generated LAIVs harboring cell tracers as well as competitive bone marrow chimeras (BMCs) to determine the early kinetics of vaccine immunity and the main physiological mechanisms responsible for the initiation of vaccine-specific adaptive immunity. In addition, we show how this technique may facilitate gene function studies in single animals during immune responses to vaccines. We propose that this technique can be applied to improve current prophylactic strategies against pathogens for which urgent medical countermeasures are needed, for example influenza, HIV, Plasmodium, and hemorrhagic fever viruses such as Ebola virus.

Geração de vacinas contra a gripe vivos atenuados recombinantes pode ser conseguida por transf ecção de plasmídeos que codificam os oito segmentos de vírus influenza, sob o controlo de promotores bidireccionais 5. Uma vacina contra a gripe adaptada ao frio geralmente contém seis segmentos de uma estirpe adaptada ao frio, assim como a HA e NA da gripe de estirpe de escolha (por exemplo, H1N1) (Figura 1A). O princípio de frio adaptação baseia-se na replicação de vírus rest...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Influenza Vaccines in Chimeric Mouse Models to Study Mucosal Immunity at JoVE.com

Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Influenza Vaccines in Chimeric Mouse Models to Study Mucosal Immunity

There is an overall lack of knowledge about how vaccines work. Here we propose the combined use of reverse genetics and bone marrow chimeric mice to gain insight into the early host immune responses to vaccines with a special focus on dendritic cells and T cell immunity.

A administração intranasal de recombinantes Vacinas contra Influenza em quimérico rato Modelos para estudar a imunidade mucosal

Vaccines are one of the greatest achievements of mankind, and have saved millions of lives over the last century. Paradoxically, little is known about the ...

Research

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Analisar o papel dos Nasopharyngeal-associado do tecido linforreticular (NALT) nas respostas do rato para Vacinas

The nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissues (NALT) found in humans, rodents, and other mammals, contribute to immunity in the nasal sinuses1-3. ...

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Leucocyte infiltration into human liver tissue is a common process in all adult inflammatory liver diseases. Chronic infiltration can drive the ...

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Each year, seasonal influenza outbreaks profoundly affect societies worldwide. In spite of global efforts, influenza remains an intractable healthcare ...