Name: alginate encapsulation of pluripotent stem cells using a co-axial nozzle
Uploaded: 2015-07-02T10:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Alginate Encapsulation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Co-axial Nozzle at JoVE.com

This research was supported by the S-Innovation project of the Japan Science and technology Agency (JST), the Graduate Program for Leaders in Life Innovation (GPLLI) of the University of Tokyo, and the Research Fellowship for Young Scientists of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. We thank nac Image Technology Inc. for taking movies using a hi-speed camera.

1. 준비 재료 <ol><li> 10 mM의 HEPES 버퍼를 준비합니다. 실온에서 7.0으로 pH를 조정하고 0.9 %의 염화나트륨을 추가합니다. </li><li> 1.1 준비 HEPES 완충 식염수를 혼합하여 5 % 알긴산 용액 10 mM의 EDTA 솔루션을 준비합니다. 실온에서 7.0으로 pH를 조절합니다. </li><li> 121 ℃에서 20 분 동안 시약 (1.1, 1.2)를 압력솥. </li><li> DMEM 10 % ES-자격 FBS와 90 마이 토마 이신 C의 10 ㎍ / ㎖의를 포함하는 내 배양 피더 세포로 ?...

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S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PEG-based+hydrogels+as+an+in+vitro+encapsulation+platform+for+testing+controlled+for+testing+controlled+&#223;-cell+microenvironments.">PEG-based hydrogels as an in vitro encapsulation platform for testing controlled for testing controlled &#223;-cell microenvironments.</a> Acta Biomater. 2 (1), 1-8 (2006).</li><li>Horiguchi, I., Chowdhury, M. M., Sakai, Y., Tabata, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proliferation,+morphology,+and+pluripotency+of+mouse+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+in+three+different+types+of+alginate+beads+for+mass+production.">Proliferation, morphology, and pluripotency of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells in three different types of alginate beads for mass production.</a> Biotechnol. Prog. 30 (4), 896-904 (2014).</li><li>Rahman, N., Purpura, K. A., Wylie, R. G., Zandstra, P. W., Shoichet, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+vascular+endothelial+growth+factor+functionalized+agarose+to+guide+pluripotent+stem+cell+aggregates+toward+blood+progenitor+cells.">The use of vascular endothelial growth factor functionalized agarose to guide pluripotent stem cell aggregates toward blood progenitor cells.</a> Biomaterials. 31 (32), 8262-8270 (2010).</li><li>Siti-Ismail, N., Bishop, A. E., Polak, J. 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<html> 캡슐화 배양 직접 현탁 배양 물과 비교 될 수있다. 현탁 배양은 캡슐화 방법보다 다 능성 줄기 세포를 대량으로 얻을 수있는 간단한 방법이다. 그러나, 현탁 배양 세포의 집계를 제어하는​​ 것은 여전히​​ 어렵습니다. 밀봉 방법에서, 세포 응집은 캡슐에 제한되며, 따라서 잘 제어 할 수있다. 이전 간행물은 큰 세포 덩어리가 자유 현탁 배양 7에 등장하는 반면 캡슐화 된 세포, 균?...

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are currently the source of intense research due to their role in regenerative medicine. However, huge amounts of cells are required for tissue regeneration. For instance approximately one billion pancreatic cells required for a type 1 diabetic patient1. However, conventional dish culture is only able to obtain 1 &#215; 105 cells/cm2, thus requiring 1 m2 of culture area to obtain enough stem cell-derived pancreatic cells to treat a type 1 diabetic patient. The development of a system for the mass-culture of pluripotent stem cells, such as microcarrier2 and suspension culture is therefore required for regenerative medicine. Suspension culture represents a promising method of mass culture but controlling the aggregation of cells is challenging in direct suspension cultures of human iPS cells3. Indeed, suspended cells are exposed to shear stress, which causes cell damage3 or differentiation4.
Research into hydrogel-based encapsulation has been conducted to solve problems associated with suspension culture. In hydrogel capsules, cells are protected from the flow of the medium. Previous reports have documented the use of various types of hydrogel, including agarose5, PEG6, and alginate (Alg), for cellular encapsulation. Alg-Ca hydrogel is one of the most useful hydrogels for cell encapsulation because Alg&#8722;Ca hydrogel is formed immediately after dropping alginate solution into a CaCl2 solution and is also readily digested by enzymes or chelating reagents. 
Here, we have established a stable alginate encapsulation process for iPS cells using a co-axial nozzle. By using N2 gas flow for forming droplets, it is possible to encapsulate cells into uniform capsules without the need for other reagents such as oil. In this method, the flow rate of N2 and concentration of both CaCl2 and alginate are the major operating conditions affecting the size, shape, and uniformity of capsules. This report demonstrates the optimization of these operating conditions through the use of a hi-speed camera and a microscope.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse embryo fibroblast</td>
			<td>Cell Biolabs</td>
			<td>SNL 76/7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse induced pluripotent stem cell</td>
			<td>RIKEN Bio resorce centre</td>
			<td>iPS-MEF-Ng-20D-17</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM high-glucose</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>11995</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ES qualified&#160; FBS</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>16141079</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibacterial Antibiotics</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>15240</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nonessential Amino Acid</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>11140</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>21985-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ESGRO Leukemia Inhibitory Factor</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>ESG1107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin/EDTA</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>25300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>26G/16G needle</td>
			<td>Hoshiseido</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL Syringe</td>
			<td>TERUMO</td>
			<td>SS-10ESZ</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium&#160; Chloride</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>191-01665</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>H4034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Alginate</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>194-09955</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium Chloride</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>039-00475</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-L-lysine (Mw=15,000-30,000)</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>P7890</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA</td>
			<td>DOJINDO</td>
			<td>345-01865</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sylinge pump</td>
			<td>AS ONE</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>IX71</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>DM IRB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hispeed camera</td>
			<td>nac image technology</td>
			<td>Memrecam HX-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

alginate encapsulation of pluripotent stem cells using a co-axial nozzle

Pluripotent stem cells (PS cells) are the focus of intense research due to their role in regenerative medicine and drug screening. However, the development of a mass culture system would be required for using PS cells in these applications. Suspension culture is one promising culture method for the mass production of PS cells, although some issues such as controlling aggregation and limiting shear stress from the culture medium are still unsolved. In order to solve these problems, we developed a method of calcium alginate (Alg-Ca) encapsulation using a co-axial nozzle. This method can control the size of the capsules easily by co-flowing N2 gas. The controllable capsule diameter must be larger than 500 &#181;m because too high a flow rate of N2 gas causes the breakdown of droplets and thus heterogeneous-sized capsules. Moreover, a low concentration of Alg-Na and CaCl2 causes non-spherical capsules. Although an Alg-Ca capsule without a coating of Alg-PLL easily dissolves enabling the collection of cells, they can also potentially leak out from capsules lacking an Alg-PLL coating. Indeed, an alginate-PLL coating can prevent cellular leakage but is also hard to break. This technology can be used to research the stem cell niche as well as the mass production of PS cells because encapsulation can modify the micro-environment surrounding cells including the extracellular matrix and the concentration of secreted factors.

프로토콜 2.5에서 추방 알지네이트 솔루션은 추방 후 즉시 구형 (- H 그림 2A)를 형성한다. 현탁액을 1L / 분 이하 N 2 유량으로 배출되는 경우, 액 적의 크기가 균일 한 (도 2I)이다. N 2 흐름은 1L / 분보다 큰 경우, 액체 방울 (도 2G, 흰색 화살표로)을 분해 및 액 적의 크기가 불균일 (도 2J)를하게된다. 이 주어지면,이 방법을 사용하여 500 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Alginate Encapsulation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Co-axial Nozzle at JoVE.com

Alginate Encapsulation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Co-axial Nozzle

We established a method of encapsulating pluripotent stem cells (PS cells) into alginate hydrogel capsules using a co-axial nozzle. This prevents cells from aggregating excessively and limits the shear stress experienced by cells in suspension culture. The technique is applicable to the mass production of PS cells as well as research on stem cell niche.

동축 노즐을 사용하여 다 능성 줄기 세포의 알긴산 캡슐화

Pluripotent stem cells (PS cells) are the focus of intense research due to their role in regenerative medicine and drug screening.  However, the ...

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Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forcing the expression of four transcription factors (Oct-4, Sox-2, ...

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