Name: combined shuttle-box training with electrophysiological cortex recording and stimulation as a tool to study perception and learning
Uploaded: 2015-10-22T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning at JoVE.com

Arbejdet blev støttet af tilskud fra kanalen Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG og Leibniz-instituttet for neurobiologi. Vi takker Maria-Marina Zempeltzi og Kathrin Ohl til teknisk bistand.

Alle eksperimenter præsenteres i dette arbejde blev udført i overensstemmelse med de etiske standarder defineret af den tyske lov om beskyttelse af forsøgsdyr. Eksperimenter blev godkendt af den etiske komité i staten Sachsen-Anhalt. 1. Skræddersyede Multikanal Elektrode Arrays til microstimulation og indspilning <ol><li> Skræddersyede microstimulation vifte <ol><li> For at levere ICMS, forberede stimulation elektroderne i den ønskede rumdesign (her lateral vifte af 2 kanaler) ved h...

<ol>
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Denne protokol beskriver en metode samtidige stedsspecifikke ICMS og multi-kanal elektrofysiologiske optagelser i en lærer dyret ved hjælp af en to-vejs aversiv mund-chok kontrolleret shuttle-box-systemet. Protokollen lægger vægt tekniske centrale begreber for en sådan kombination, og påpeger vigtigheden af ​​grundstødning dyret kun via sin fælles jordelektrode, forlader gridfloor med variabel spænding. Her blev auditive shuttle-box læring anvendt på mongolske ørkenrotter som læring-relaterede plast reo...

En grundlæggende formål med adfærdsmæssige neurovidenskab er at fastsætte specifikke forbindelser mellem neuronale strukturelle og funktionelle egenskaber, læring og perception. Neurale aktivitet i forbindelse med perception og læring kan studeres ved elektrofysiologiske registrering af aktionspotentialer og lokale feltpotentialer i forskellige hjerne strukturer på flere steder. Ud fra følgende betragtninger elektrofysiologiske optagelser giver korrelative sammenhænge mellem neurale aktivitet og adfærd, har direkte elektrisk intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) i over et århundrede været den mest direkte metode til test årsagssammenhænge af ophidsede populationer af neuroner og deres adfærdsmæssige og perceptuelle effekter 1 - 3. Mange undersøgelser har vist, at dyrene er i stand til at gøre brug af forskellige rumlige og tidslige egenskaber af elektriske stimuli i perceptuelle opgaver afhængigt af stimulering stedet inden for eksempelvis retinotopisk 4, tonotopic 5 eller somatotopic 6 regioner i cortex. Opformering af elektrisk fremkaldte aktivitet i cortex er hovedsageligt bestemt af layoutet af axonale fibre og deres fordelt synaptisk konnektivitet 2, at det i cortex, er helt klart lag-afhængig 7. Den resulterende polysynaptiske aktivering fremkaldt af ICMS er fremover langt mere udbredt, end de direkte virkninger af det elektriske felt 2,8,9. Dette forklarer, hvorfor tærskler for perceptuelle effekter fremkaldt af intracortical microstimulation kan være kraftigt lag-afhængige 8,10,11 og stedafhængige 9. En nylig undersøgelse viste, i detaljer, at stimulation af øvre lag gav mere udbredt aktivering af corticocortical kredsløb i primært supragranular lag, mens stimulation af dybere lag af cortex resultat i et samlingspunkt, tilbagevendende corticoefferent intracolumnar aktivering. Parallelle adfærdsmæssige eksperimenter viste, at sidstnævnte har meget lavere perceptuelle afsløring thresholds 8. Derfor blev den fordel stedspecifikke ICMS som betinget stimuli udnyttes i kombination med elektrofysiologiske optagelser til kausalt relatere specifikke kortikale kredsløb aktiveringer 8 til adfærdsmæssige foranstaltninger for læring og perception i rumfærgen-box. De to-vejs shuttle-box paradigme er en veletableret laboratorieudstyr til at studere undgåelse læring 12. En shuttle-box består af 2 rum adskilt af en hurdle eller døråbning. En betinget stimulus (CS), der er repræsenteret ved en egnet signal som et lys eller lyd, med betinget efterfulgt af et afskrækningsmiddel ubetinget stimulus (US), som for eksempel en stød i foden over en metalgittergulv. Emner kan lære at undgå USA ved shuttling fra en shuttle-box rum til den anden som reaktion på CS. Shuttle-box læring indebærer en sekvens af skelnes faser læring 13,14: For det førstefag lærer at forudsige USA fra CS ved klassisk konditionering og at flygte fra USA af instrumental condition, da USA er afsluttet på pendulfart. I en næste fase, lære emner for at undgå USA helt ved shuttling som reaktion på CS før US indtræden (undgåelse reaktion). Generelt shuttle-box læring indebærer klassisk konditionering, instrumental condition, samt målrettet adfærd afhængig af at lære fase 14. Rumfærgen-boksen procedure kan sættes op så let og generelt producerer robust opførsel efter et par daglige træningssessioner 15 - 17. Ud over simpel undgåelse conditioning (påvisning), kan rumfærgen-box yderligere bruges til at studere stimulus diskrimination ved at ansætte go / Nogo paradigmer. Her bliver dyr uddannet til at undgå USA med en betinget respons (CR) (gå adfærd shuttle til modsatte rum) som reaktion på en &lt;strong&gt; go-stimulus (CS +) og ved Nogo adfærd (ophold i den aktuelle rum, ingen CR) som reaktion på en Nogo-stimulus (CS) Parallel microstimulation og registrering af neurale aktivitet med høj densitet multielectrode arrays tillader at studere. de fysiologiske mekanismer, der ligger til grund vellykket læring. Flere tekniske detaljer, der er grundlæggende for de succesfulde kombinationer af shuttle-box uddannelse, ICMS og parallel elektrofysiologi, vil blive diskuteret.

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combined shuttle-box training with electrophysiological cortex recording and stimulation as a tool to study perception and learning

Shuttle-box undgåelse læring er en veletableret metode i biologisk psykologi og forsøgsopstillinger var traditionelt skræddersyet; det nødvendige udstyr er nu tilgængelig med flere kommercielle selskaber. Denne protokol giver en detaljeret beskrivelse af en to-vejs shuttle-box undgåelse læring i gnavere (her mongolske ørkenrotter, Meriones unguiculatus) i kombination med stedsspecifik elektrisk intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) og samtidige kroniske elektrofysiologiske in vivo optagelser. Den detaljerede protokol gælder at studere flere aspekter af læring adfærd og opfattelse i forskellige gnavere. Site-specifikke ICMS af auditive kortikale kredsløb som aircondition stimuli her bruges som et værktøj til at teste perceptuelle relevans af specifikke afferent, efferent og intracortical forbindelser. Tydelige aktivering mønstre kan fremkaldes ved hjælp af forskellige stimulationselektrode arrays for lokale, lag-afhængige ICMS eller fjerne ICMS sites. Ved hjælp af adfærdsmæssige analyse detekteringssignal kan det afgøres, hvilken stimulering strategi er mest effektive til fremkaldelse af en adfærdsmæssigt påviseligt og iøjnefaldende signal. Endvidere parallelle multikanal-optagelser ved hjælp af forskellige elektrode design (overfladeelektroder, dybde elektroder, etc.) giver mulighed for at undersøge neuronale observable over tidsforløbet af sådanne læreprocesser. Det vil blive diskuteret, hvordan ændringer i den adfærdsmæssige design kan øge kognitive kompleksitet (f.eks afsløring, diskrimination, tilbageførsel læring).

Dette afsnit illustrerer et repræsentativt eksempel på shuttle-box læring i en mongolsk hoppemus. Emnet blev trænet til at skelne mellem ICMS-sted mellem to elektroder implanteret stimulation 700 um fra hinanden i cortex (figur 1 og 2). Stimulation arrays kan tilpasses i forskellige rumlige designs (Figur 1). Her blev diskrimination af de to ICMS sites lært inden for 3 træningspas med præsentation af 30 CS + og CS hver (figur 3A-C). Dette angives...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning at JoVE.com

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning

Shuttle-box undgåelse læring veletableret i biologisk psykologi. Denne protokol beskriver, hvordan shuttle-box læring i gnavere kan kombineres med stedsspecifik elektrisk intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) og samtidig kronisk in vivo optagelser som et redskab til at studere flere aspekter af læring og perception.

Kombineret Shuttle-Box Træning med Elektrofysiologisk Cortex Optagelse og Stimulation som værktøj til at studere Perception og læring

Shuttle-box avoidance learning is a well-established method in behavioral neuroscience and experimental setups were traditionally custom-made; the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Compensatory Limb Use and Behavioral Assessment of Motor Skill Learning Following Sensorimotor Cortex Injury in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke

Kompenserende Limb Brug og Behavioral Assessment of Motor Skill Læring Efter sensorimotorisk Cortex Injury i en musemodel for iskæmisk slagtilfælde

Mouse models have become increasingly popular in the field of behavioral neuroscience, and specifically in studies of experimental stroke. As models ...

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Stimulering af Lip Motor Cortex med Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has proven to be a useful tool in investigating the role of the articulatory motor cortex in speech perception. ...

Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Tool to Induce Plasticity in Pathways Relevant for Extinction Learning

Vagus nerve stimulation som et redskab til at fremkalde Plasticitet i Pathways Relevant for Extinction Læring

Extinction describes the process of attenuating behavioral responses to neutral stimuli when they no longer provide the reinforcement that has been ...

Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS)

Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation tACS

Samtidig Elektroencefalografi Optagelse Under Transcranial vekselstrøm Stimulation (TAC&#39;er)

Oscillatory brain activities are considered to reflect the basis of rhythmic changes in transmission efficacy across brain networks and are assumed to ...

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Undersøgelse Motor Skill læreprocesser med en robot Manipulandum

Skilled reaching tasks are commonly used in studies of motor skill learning and motor function under healthy and pathological conditions, but can be ...

Introducing Clicker Training as a Cognitive Enrichment for Laboratory Mice

Introduktion Clicktræning som Kognitiv Berigelse for Laboratory Mus

Establishing new refinement strategies in laboratory animal science is a central goal in fulfilling the requirements of Directive 2010/63/EU. Previous ...

Using a Virtual Store As a Research Tool to Investigate Consumer In-store Behavior

Brug af en virtuel butik som et forskningsværktøj til at undersøge forbrugernes i butiksadfærd

People&#39;s responses to products and/or choice environments are crucial to understanding in-store consumer behaviors. Currently, there are various ...

A Wireless, Bidirectional Interface for In Vivo Recording and Stimulation of Neural Activity in Freely Behaving Rats

A Wireless, Bidirectional Interface for In Vivo Recording and Stimulation of Neural Activity in Freely Behaving Rats

En trådløs, tovejs grænseflade for In Vivo optagelse og Stimulation af neurale aktivitet i frit opfører rotter

In vivo electrophysiology is a powerful technique to investigate the relationship between brain activity and behavior at a millisecond and micrometer ...

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Paradigmer af nedre ekstremiteter elektrisk Stimulation uddannelse efter rygmarvsskade

Skeletal muscle atrophy, increased adiposity and reduced physical activity are key changes observed after spinal cord injury (SCI) and are associated with ...

Using Electroencephalography Measurements and High-quality Video Recording for Analyzing Visual Perception of Media Content

Ved hjælp af electroencefalografi målinger og videooptagelser i høj kvalitet til at analysere visuelle opfattelse af medieindhold

This article explores a method to detect differences in visual perception in humans. The method used is based on the psychological (or "cognitive") ...