Name: vagus nerve stimulation as a tool to induce plasticity in pathways relevant for extinction learning
Uploaded: 2015-08-21T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Tool to Induce Plasticity in Pathways Relevant for Extinction Learning at JoVE.com

This research was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health MH 086960-01A1 (Christa K. McIntyre).

Alle procedurer, der er beskrevet i denne protokol udføres i overensstemmelse med NIH Guide til Pleje og anvendelse af forsøgsdyr, og de blev godkendt af Institutional Animal Care og brug Udvalg The University of Texas i Dallas. 1. Konstruktion af VNS Cuffs <ol><li> Skabe et boreværktøj ved afsavning den skarpe ende af en 22 G nål ½. </li><li> Kør nu stumpe ende af 22 ½ G kanyle over en metal-fil flere gange for at glatte det. Hold nålen i en 45 ° vinkel til filen og køre den fl...

Vi præsenterer her en protokol, der bruges til at lette udslettelse af konditioneret frygt under en enkelt session for eksponering for konditioneret signaler 19 og til at modulere plasticitet i forløbet mellem infralimbic cortex og den basolaterale amygdala, der kan mediere udslettelse learning 20. Et afgørende skridt for succes i denne protokol er den korrekte levering af VNS under udslettelse træning. Derfor bør man være særlig opmærksom på at opførelsen af ​​manchet elektroder og p...

Klassisk frygt condition giver en meget anvendt dyremodel til at studere biologiske grundlag af angstlidelser. Under frygt condition, er et afskrækningsmiddel stimulus (det ubetingede stimulus, USA, fx et fodchok) præsenterede i forbindelse med en neutral stimulus, såsom en tone og / eller en kontekst (den betingede stimulus, CS). Under frygt condition, dannes associationer mellem CS og USA. Til sidst præsentationen af ​​CS alene fremkalder en frygt reaktion (den betingede respons, CR). I frygt udslettelse, er CS præsenteres flere gange i mangel af USA, hvilket får CR til gradvist aftage 1. Således udslettelse af konditioneret frygt er en aktiv proces, hvor frygtsomme adfærdsmæssige reaktioner på neutrale stimuli dæmpes, når de ikke længere forudsige afskrækningsmiddel resultater. Udslettelse af betingede reaktioner kræver konsolidering af nye erindringer, der konkurrerer med lærde foreninger. Et kendetegn for angstlidelser er IMPAIRED udslettelse 2-4. Således udslettelse af konditioneret frygt i dyremodeller fungerer som et vigtigt paradigme både hæmmende læring og som en model for adfærd terapi for humane angstlidelser 5,6. Fordi der er tæt sammenhæng mellem frygt og menneskelig angst, menes det, at disse undersøgelser kan give indsigt i den biologiske natur angst-relaterede lidelser såsom post-traumatisk stress disorder, og vil bidrage til at udvikle strategier til at behandle dem. Et vigtigt mål med præklinisk forskning er at støtte udryddelse læring og til at fremkalde målrettet plasticitet i udryddelse kredsløb til at konsolidere udslettelse læring. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) er en minimalt invasiv neuroprosthetic tilgang, der kunne bruges til at give stram tidsmæssig og kredsløb-specifik modulering af hjernen områder og synapser engageret i en igangværende opgave. En række nyere undersøgelser fra Michael Kilgard gruppe ved The University of Texas i Dallas harvist, at parring VNS med diskrete sensoriske eller motoriske stimuli (f.eks, en tone eller en arm pull) er yderst effektive til at fremme kortikal plasticitet at behandle tinnitus 7, eller at overvinde motoriske mangler efter slagtilfælde 8-10. Desuden ikke-kontingent VNS, der opstår inden for kort tid-vindue efter at lære på samme måde fremmer kortikal plasticitet og forbedrer hukommelsen konsolidering i rotter og mennesker 11-13. I betragtning af den rolle vagus nerve i det parasympatiske pathway, er det ikke overraskende, at det kunne deltage i modulering minder og synaptisk plasticitet. Meget emotionelle begivenheder tendens til at producere stærkere erindringer end ikke-emotionelle minder. Dette er sandsynligvis på grund af påvirkning af stresshormoner på hukommelsen konsolidering. Posttraining administration af stresshormonet adrenalin forbedrer hukommelsen konsolidering i humane og ikke-humane dyr, men adrenalin ikke krydser blod-hjerne-barrieren 14, 15 </sup&gt;. Derfor skal stress-induceret adrenalin frigivelse påvirke hjernen indirekte at øge hukommelsen konsolidering. Stærke beviser tyder på, at vagus nerve kan være forbindelsen mellem cirkulerende adrenalin og hjernen. Miyashita og Williams 16 syntes, at systemisk administration af adrenalin øget vagusnerven fyring, og forhøjede niveauer af noradrenalin i amygdala 17. Systemisk administration af adrenalin ikke forbedre hukommelsen konsolidering, når β-adrenerge receptorer er blokeret i amygdala 18 tyder på, at vagus nerve spiller en rolle i vejen, der forvandler følelsesmæssigt vække erfaringer i langsigtede minder. Således parring VNS med uddannelse har potentiale til at forbedre hjernen ændringer, der understøtter hukommelse konsolidering og udsættelse for betingede signaler i fravær af armering øger konsolidering af udryddelse læring i rotter 19,20. Her beskriver vi anvendelsen af ​​VNS ensa værktøj til at fremme kortikal plasticitet og letter udslettelse af en betinget frygt reaktion.

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vagus nerve stimulation as a tool to induce plasticity in pathways relevant for extinction learning

Extinction describes the process of attenuating behavioral responses to neutral stimuli when they no longer provide the reinforcement that has been maintaining the behavior. There is close correspondence between fear and human anxiety, and therefore studies of extinction learning might provide insight into the biological nature of anxiety-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, and they might help to develop strategies to treat them. Preclinical research aims to aid extinction learning and to induce targeted plasticity in extinction circuits to consolidate the newly formed memory. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a powerful approach that provides tight temporal and circuit-specific release of neurotransmitters, resulting in modulation of neuronal networks engaged in an ongoing task. VNS enhances memory consolidation in both rats and humans, and pairing VNS with exposure to conditioned cues enhances the consolidation of extinction learning in rats. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the preparation of custom-made parts and the surgical procedures required for VNS in rats. Using this protocol we show how VNS can facilitate the extinction of conditioned fear responses in an auditory fear conditioning task. In addition, we provide evidence that VNS modulates synaptic plasticity in the pathway between the infralimbic (IL) medial prefrontal cortex and the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA), which is involved in the expression and modulation of extinction memory.

Dette afsnit viser eksempler på resultater, der kan opnås ved anvendelse VNS i kombination med udryddelse læring for at nedsætte ekspressionen af ​​det konditionerede frygt respons i rotter. For Dage 1 og 2 (Auditory Fear Conditioning) blev rotter uddannet på en auditiv frygt condition opgave, hvor potechok blev parret med en tone. På dag 3 (Pre Treatment Test), blev der toner præsenteres i mangel af potechok at måle frysning niveauer, og udlede erhvervelse betinget frygt reaktion. På dag 4 (behandling) rot...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Tool to Induce Plasticity in Pathways Relevant for Extinction Learning at JoVE.com

Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Tool to Induce Plasticity in Pathways Relevant for Extinction Learning

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) har vist sig som et redskab til at fremkalde målrettet synaptisk plasticitet i forhjernen til at ændre en række adfærd. Denne protokol beskriver, hvordan man gennemfører VNS at lette konsolideringen af ​​frygt udslettelse hukommelse.

Vagus nerve stimulation som et redskab til at fremkalde Plasticitet i Pathways Relevant for Extinction Læring

Extinction describes the process of attenuating behavioral responses to neutral stimuli when they no longer provide the reinforcement that has been ...

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Using the FishSim Animation Toolchain to Investigate Fish Behavior: A Case Study on Mate-Choice Copying In Sailfin Mollies

Using the FishSim Animation Toolchain to Investigate Fish Behavior: A Case Study on Mate-Choice Copying In Sailfin Mollies

Ved hjælp af FishSim Animation Toolchain at undersøge fisk adfærd: en Case Study om Mate-valg kopiering i Sailfin jensoehrberg

Over the last decade, employing computer animations for animal behavior research has increased due to its ability to non-invasively manipulate the ...

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

Anvendelse af et eMASS tilpasnings program som et forskningsværktøj til at evaluere fordele for forbrugerne

As many scholars and practitioners study personalization and relationship marketing, it is important to provide personalization such as mass customization ...

A Methodology for Capturing Joint Visual Attention Using Mobile Eye-Trackers

En metode til at opfange fælles visuel opmærksomhed ved hjælp af mobile Eye-trackers

With the advent of new technological advances, it is possible to study social interactions at a microlevel with unprecedented accuracy. High frequency ...