Name: fabricating superhydrophobic polymeric materials for biomedical applications
Uploaded: 2015-08-28T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications at JoVE.com

Funding was provided in part by BU and the NIH R01CA149561. The authors wish to thank the electrospinning/electrospraying team including Stefan Yohe, Eric Falde, Joseph Hersey, and Julia Wang for their helpful discussions and contributions to the preparation and characterization of superhydrophobic biomaterials.

1.合成官能化聚（1,3-甘油碳酸盐共己内酯）29和聚（1,3-甘油碳酸盐共 -丙交酯）27,28。 <ol><li>单体合成。 <ol><li>溶解顺 -2-苯基-1,3-二恶烷-5-醇（50克，0.28摩尔，1当量）在500毫升无水四氢呋喃（THF）中并在氮气下搅拌在冰上。添加氢氧化钾（33.5克，0.84摩尔，3当量），细粉碎用研钵和研杵。将烧瓶在冰浴。 </li><li>添加49.6 ml的苄基溴（71.32克，0.42摩尔，1.5当量?...

我们的方法从生物医用高分子构建超疏水材料结合合成高分子化学与静电和电喷雾的聚合物加工技术。这些技术提供任一纤维或颗粒，分别。具体地，基于聚己内酯和聚（丙交酯共 -glycolide）超疏水性材料使用的是这种策略制备。通过改变疏水性共聚物组合物，在最终的聚合物共混物百分之共聚物，纤维/颗粒尺寸，总聚合物的重量百分比，和制造条件，所得到的静电/电喷雾材料的润湿性受...

超疏水表面通常被分类为显示出明显的水接触角大于150°的低接触角滞后。这些表面通过引入对低表面能材料的高表面粗糙度建立所得空气-液体-固体界面抵抗润湿1-6制造。根据不同的制造方法，薄或多层超疏水表面，多层超疏水基底涂层，或甚至散装超疏水结构可以制备。此永久或半永久性的防水性]是用于制备自清洁面 7，微流体装置8，防污细胞/蛋白质表面9,10，减阻表面11，和药物递送装置一个有用的性质-12- 15。最近，刺激响应超疏水性材料被描述其中非润湿湿润状态是通过化学引发，物理或环境因素（例如，光，pH，温度，超声，和施加的电势/电流）14,16-20，和这些材料都发现使用其他应用程序21-25。 第一个合成超疏水表面被处理材料的表面与methyldihalogenosilanes 26制备，并且是用于生物医学应用价值有限，所用的材料是不适合在体内使用 。在此，我们描述了从生物相容性的聚合物制备表面和体超疏水材料。我们的方法需要电纺丝或电喷雾含有可生物降解的，生物相容的脂族聚酯作为主要组分，掺杂有所述聚酯和硬脂酸改性的聚（甘油碳酸酯）27-30组成的疏水性共聚物的聚合物混合物。的制造技术提供增强的表面粗糙度和孔隙度上和fibe内RS或颗粒，分别，而采用的共聚物掺杂剂提供了一种低表面能聚合物，融合与聚酯，并且可以稳定地静电纺丝或电喷雾27,31,32。 脂族可生物降解的聚酯如聚（乳酸）（PLA），聚（乙醇酸）（PGA），聚（乳酸- 共 -glycolic乙酸）（PLGA），和聚己内酯（PCL）是在临床上批准的设备中使用的聚合物和在由于它们的非毒性，生物降解性，并且易于合成33的生物医学材料研究突出。 PGA和PLGA开张的诊所在1960年的生物可吸收缝合线和70年代初期，分别为34-37。从那时起，这些聚（羟基酸）已被加工成各种其它应用程序特定的形状因子，例如微38,39和纳米颗粒40,41，晶片/光盘42，啮合27,43，泡沫44和电影45 </sup&gt;。 脂族聚酯，以及生物医学兴趣的其它聚合物，可以静电纺丝来生产纳米或微纤维网状结构具有高的表面积和孔隙率以及拉伸强度。 表1列出了合成聚合物静电关于各种生物医学应用和它们的相应参考。静电和电喷雾的快速商用的可扩展技术。这两种类似的技术依赖于施加高电压（静电斥力）克服的聚合物溶液的表面张力/融化在注射器泵的设置，因为它是针对一种接地目标46,47。当这种技术用于与低表面能的聚合物结合（疏水性聚合物如聚（caprolactone- 共 -甘油单硬脂酸酯）），将得到的材料表现超疏水性。 为了说明这一点一般合成和材料加工方法从生物医学聚合物构建超疏水材料中，我们描述超疏水polycaprolactone-和聚（丙交酯共 -glycolide）基材料作为代表性实例的合成。各共聚物的掺杂剂的聚（caprolactone- 共 -甘油单硬脂酸酯）和聚（丙交酯共 -甘油单硬脂酸酯）被首先合成，然后混合以聚己内酯和聚（丙交酯共 -glycolide），分别和最后电纺丝或电喷雾。所得到的材料的特征在于通过SEM成像和接触角测角器，并测试其在体外和体内的生物相容性。最后，散湿通过三维超疏水网格使用造影剂增强microcomputed断层扫描进行检查。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Silicone oil</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>85409</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cis-2-Phenyl-1,3-dioxan-5-ol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right">13468</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Benzyl bromide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>B17905</td>
			<td>Toxic, lacrymator/eye irritant, use in chemical fume hood</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right">221473</td>
			<td>Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotary evaporator</td>
			<td>Buchi</td>
			<td>R-124</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High-vacuum pump</td>
			<td>Welch</td>
			<td align="right">8907</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nitrogen, ultra high purity</td>
			<td>Airgas</td>
			<td>NI UHP300</td>
			<td>Compressed gas</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tetrahydrofuran, stabilized with BHT</td>
			<td>Pharmaco-Aaper</td>
			<td align="right">346000</td>
			<td>Flammable. Dried through column of XXX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dichloromethane</td>
			<td>Pharmaco-Aaper</td>
			<td align="right">313000</td>
			<td>Flammable, toxic.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Separatory funnel (1 L)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-678-606</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium sulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right">239313</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol, absolute</td>
			<td>Pharmaco-Aaper</td>
			<td>111USP200</td>
			<td>Flammable, toxic.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buchner funnel</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>FB-966-F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>Pharmaco-Aaper</td>
			<td>339000ACS</td>
			<td>Flammable, toxic.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right">320331</td>
			<td>Corrosive. Diluted to 2N in distilled water.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl chloroformate, 97%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right">185892</td>
			<td>Toxic, flammable, harmful to environment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triethylamine (anhydrous)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right">471283</td>
			<td>Toxic, flammable, harmful to environment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diethyl ether</td>
			<td>Pharmaco-Aaper</td>
			<td>373ANHACS</td>
			<td>Highly flammable. Purified through XXX column.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione (D,L-lactide)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right">303143</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tin (II) ethylhexanoate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S3252</td>
			<td>Toxic.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#949;-caprolactone (97%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right">704067</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Toluene, anhydrous</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right">244511</td>
			<td>Flammable, toxic.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass syringe</td>
			<td>Hamilton Company</td>
			<td>1700-series</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Deuterated chloroform</td>
			<td>Cambridge Isotopes Laboratories, Inc.</td>
			<td>DLM-29-10</td>
			<td>Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nuclear magnetic resonance instrument</td>
			<td>Varian</td>
			<td>V400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Palladium on carbon catalyst</td>
			<td>Strem Chemicals, Inc.</td>
			<td>46-1707</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogenator unit</td>
			<td>Parr</td>
			<td align="right">3911</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogenator shaker vessel</td>
			<td>Parr</td>
			<td>66CA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen</td>
			<td>Airgas</td>
			<td>HY HP300</td>
			<td>Highly flammable.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diatomaceous earth</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right">22140</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2H,2H,3H,3H-perflurononanoic acid</td>
			<td>Oakwood Products, Inc.</td>
			<td align="right">10519</td>
			<td>Toxic.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stearic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S4751</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N,N&#8217;-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D80002</td>
			<td>Toxic, irritant.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-(dimethylamino) pyridine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right">107700</td>
			<td>Toxic.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hexanes</td>
			<td>Pharmaco-Aaper</td>
			<td>359000ACS</td>
			<td>Toxic, flammable.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) system</td>
			<td>Rainin</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GPC column</td>
			<td>Waters</td>
			<td>WAT044228</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Differential scanning calorimeter</td>
			<td>TA Instruments</td>
			<td>Q100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloroform</td>
			<td>Pharmaco-Aaper</td>
			<td>309000ACS</td>
			<td>Toxic.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N,N-dimethylformamide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right">227056</td>
			<td>Toxic, flammable.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polycaprolactone, MW 70-90 kg/mol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right">440744</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly(lactide-co-glycolide), MW 136 kg/mol</td>
			<td>Evonik Industries</td>
			<td>LP-712</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10-mL glass syringe</td>
			<td>Hamilton Company</td>
			<td align="right">81620</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>18 AWG blunt needle</td>
			<td>BRICO Medical Supplies</td>
			<td>BN1815</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrospinner enclosure box</td>
			<td>Custom-built</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Made of acrylic panels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High voltage DC supply</td>
			<td>Glassman High Voltage, Inc.</td>
			<td>PS/EL30R01.5</td>
			<td>High voltages, electrocution hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Linear (translating) stage</td>
			<td>Servo Systems Co.</td>
			<td>LPS-12-20-0.2</td>
			<td>Optional</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Programmable motor &#38; power supply</td>
			<td>Intelligent Motion Systems, Inc.</td>
			<td>MDrive23 Plus</td>
			<td>Optional</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24V DC motor &#38; power supply</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>6331K32</td>
			<td>Optional</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum collector drum</td>
			<td>Custom-built</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Optional</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe pump</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>78-0100I</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted optical microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>IX70</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scanning electron microscope</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td>Supra V55</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Conductive copper tape</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td align="right">16072</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum SEM stubs</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td align="right">75200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Contact angle goniometer</td>
			<td>Kruss</td>
			<td>DSA100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propylene glycol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>W294004</td>
			<td>Toxic.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethylene glycol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right">324558</td>
			<td>Toxic.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ioxaglate</td>
			<td>Guerbet</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>American Type Culture Collection</td>
			<td>30-2020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-computed tomography instrument</td>
			<td>Scanco</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Image analysis software (Analyze)</td>
			<td>Mayo Clinic</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tensile tester</td>
			<td>Instron</td>
			<td align="right">5848</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micrometer</td>
			<td>Multitoyo</td>
			<td>293-340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calipers</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-648-17</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fabricating superhydrophobic polymeric materials for biomedical applications

超疏水材料，具有表面具有永久的或亚稳的不可润湿的状态，是对于一些生物医学和工业应用的兴趣。在这里，我们描述了如何静电或电喷射含有可生物降解的，生物相容的脂肪族聚酯（ 例如 ，聚己内酯和聚（丙交酯共 -glycolide））的聚合物混合物中，作为主要组分，掺杂有所述聚酯和stearate-构成的疏水共聚物改性的聚（甘油碳酸酯）得到超疏水性生物材料。电纺丝或电喷雾的制造技术提供增强的表面粗糙度和孔隙度，并在纤维或颗粒内，分别。使用低表面能的共聚物的掺杂物，融合与聚酯，并且可以稳定地静电纺丝或电喷雾，得到这些超疏水材料。重要参数，例如纤维的大小，共聚物组合物的掺杂剂和/或共ncentration，以及它们对润湿性的影响进行了讨论。高分子化学和工艺工程的这种组合提供了一个通用方法使用可扩展的技术，这些都可能推广到用于各种应用更广类聚合物来开发应用程序特定的材料。

通过一系列的化学转化的，官能碳酸酯单体5-苄基-1,3-二恶烷-2-酮合成，为白色结晶固体（ 图1A）。1 H NMR确认结构（图1B）和质谱法和元素分析证实了组合物。此固体然后共聚任一D，L-丙交酯或使用锡催化开环在140℃下反应ε己内酯。经沉淀提纯后，将聚合物组合物是使用1 H NMR分析通过积分苄质子化学位移在4.58-4.68 ppm或己内酯或丙交酯的次?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications at JoVE.com

Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications

Two- and three-dimensional superhydrophobic polymeric materials are prepared by electrospinning or electrospraying biodegradable polymers blended with a lower surface energy polymer of similar composition.

制造超疏水高分子材料生物医学应用

Superhydrophobic materials, with surfaces possessing permanent or metastable non-wetted states, are of interest for a number of biomedical and industrial ...

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RGD功能化水凝胶作为治疗应用的工具合成

The use of polymers as biomaterials has provided significant advantages in therapeutic applications. In particular, the possibility to modify and ...

Light-mediated Formation and Patterning of Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications

用于细胞培养应用光介导的形成和构图的水凝胶

Click chemistries have been investigated for use in numerous biomaterials applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and cell culture. In ...

Extraction of Plant-based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications

基于植物的提取胶囊微胶囊化应用

Microcapsules derived from plant-based spores or pollen provide a robust platform for a diverse range of microencapsulation applications. Sporopollenin ...

Rapid Mix Preparation of Bioinspired Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications

仿生纳米羟基磷灰石的快速混合制备生物医学应用

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as a medical ceramic due to its good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Recently there has been interest ...

Melt Electrospinning Writing of Three-dimensional Poly(&#949;-caprolactone) Scaffolds with Controllable Morphologies for Tissue Engineering Applications

用于组织工程应用的三维聚 (ε-内) 支架的熔体静电纺丝

This tutorial reflects on the fundamental principles and guidelines for electrospinning writing with polymer melts, an additive manufacturing technology ...