Name: experimental research examining how people can cope with uncertainty through soft haptic sensations
Uploaded: 2015-09-16T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations at JoVE.com

This research was supported by the Gottfried Wilhelm-Leibniz Grant from the German Research Foundation (DFG) awarded to Thomas Mussweiler.

下面的方法都在科隆大学的实验室里，在人类（学生）自愿参加测试。在由美国心理学协会和机构审查委员会的伦理问题的一般规则公布的道德指导方针，所有的参与者都提前告知有关研究的性质（ 即 ，知情同意书）。该知情同意书阐述了研究项目和所有潜在的风险和收益，以参与人的性质。此外，它清楚地传达了从研究中获得的数据是匿名的，保密的参与是自愿的，并且可以随时停止?...

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本文介绍了如何的人可以应付，并且可以通过体验，而不是一种认知途径减少不确定性一系列措施。此外，它展示了一种方法来激活实验环境的不确定性使研究人员能够研究如何这种类型的不确定性，除了选择的不确定性，影响决策和选择。第三，讨论了测量柔软寻求是否可以减少不确定性三种不同的方法（直接和间接）。 该协议详细描述了一种新的实验引发的方法来情境?...

不确定性，它的前因和后果，是经济学，心理学和营销高度探讨的话题。可以理解的，因为在现代社会中人们不断地面临着不确定性：在日常的购物决策，他们的事业，他们的家庭动态。因此，学会谈判和应对不确定性已经成为现代生活的要求。 不确定性通常被定义为知识的缺乏。到目前为止，大多数的研究在市场营销和决策都集中在不确定性，由于选择的替代品。由于信息不完整的，让人感到不确定可用的替代品以及这些替代品1,2的效用。为了减少这种不确定性，人们往往试图增加他们的知识基础，并寻求更多的信息，2-4。 不过，除了感觉不确定的，因为数据丢失，人们也承受这对因不可预测和不可控制的外部事件的不确定性的影响，很难判断一个人的未来生活5,6。这种环境的不确定性出现时，一个不知道如何对环境可能会发生变化，因此不能分配的概率未来事件的可能性。这种不确定性的例子有，例如经济波动，恐怖袭击威胁及政治观点的变化。在这种不确定性唤起的情况下，简单地搜索信息将无法对抗不确定性。尤其是因为环境的不确定性是有史以来在现代社会中更加普遍，而且很少有知道的不确定性等如何影响决策和选择，这是非常重要的，开​​发一个新的实验方法，情境启动环境的不确定性。本协议迎合了这些需求。 此外，传统上关注的焦点一直在cognit面对不确定性香港专业教育学院战略的人使用。研究如证明-除了寻求更多的信息-人们变得更加密切的头脑对他们的态度7，强调公平和公正的程序8，当面对不确定性9察觉的随机激励虚幻的图案。然而，人们并不总是能够认知应对不确定性，例如，当他们没有时间或当他们有限的认知能力这样做。在这种情况下，它们可以使用备用，经验途径，并寻求软触觉感知来有效应对和减少不确定性。 人的判断可以通过由与外部世界（即，视觉，听觉或触觉）的感觉系统制作接触传播身体的经验的影响。这些情绪会影响我们的判断没有感觉输入10的语义，认知解释。 Touc兴软的东西可能是这样的身体经验的人寻找有处理不确定性的时候了。在童年，不舒服的感觉往往是通过物理接触缓解，如持有或通过照顾者轻拍或感觉柔软可爱的玩具。通过这样的早期经验带触摸，柔软性变得强烈的舒适性和安全性相关的，因此可以是战斗的不确定性的有效工具。但是，什么类型的柔软触觉感知将在处理不确定性帮助吗？任何类型的？并应柔软性经历或是否足够时，对象的软特性仅仅看到电脑屏幕上？此协议解决了这些问题。 除了人们用它来应对不确定性的策略，这是很重要的知道一个特定的策略是否工作。柔软度寻求可以例如的功能可以由之前建立的不确定性的一个人的水平并保持如此后主观测量mething软（不确定性水平随着时间的推移）。另一种方式来更间接评估减少不确定性是通过使用一个模糊的任务，诸如雪山图片任务（SPT）11。这个任务包括一组图片，其中对象嵌入在视觉雪的。参加者须说明他们认为背后却隐藏着雪和他们关于他们的回答不确定哪个对象。最后，个性问卷（不确定的不容忍量表12）可以被用来测量柔软度是否也能提高对日常生活中的不确定性的人的一般的公差。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Medialab</td>
			<td>Empirisoft</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Program to create and run experiments&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Qualtrics</td>
			<td>Qualtrics.com</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Online survey program</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPSS Version 21</td>
			<td>IBM</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Statistical program</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

experimental research examining how people can cope with uncertainty through soft haptic sensations

人类是由不确定性和变化不断包围。问题在于人们如何应对这种不确定性。到目前为止，大部分研究都集中在认知策略的人采取应对不确定性。然而，特别是当不确定性是由于不可预知的社会事件（例如，经济危机，政治革命，恐怖主义的威胁），其中之一是无法判断一个人的未来生活，认知策略（如寻求更多的信息）的影响很可能会失败打击的不确定性。相反，目前探讨的方法表明人们可能对付不确定性的经验上，通过柔软的触觉感知。更具体地讲，因为触摸软的东西创造的舒适和安全的感觉，人们更喜欢用较软的对象为不确定的感觉相比，更难的属性。寻求柔软是一种高效而有效的工具来应对不确定性欧ř手可在任何时间。本协议描述了一组方法证明1）如何环保（UN）的确定性可以被情境与体验式启动程序启动，2）的柔软体验质量（什么柔软的类型以及它是如何有经验的）问题，并3）如何不确定性可使用不同的方法来减少。

这些研究被用来研究1）人们是否在面对不确定性; 2）是否搜索柔软性在面对不确定性的功能， 也就是说 ，无论是降低不确定性更喜欢用柔软的属性的对象。一个起动过程（如上所述）被用于实验操作环境（UN）的确定性。在三个研究中的操作检查确认（UN）确定新开发的经验引发的有效性（P = 0.06; P = 0.04; P = 0.01）。 图1和图2的数据显示，当面对不?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations at JoVE.com

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

To date research has focused on cognitive strategies people adopt to cope with uncertainty. This research examines instead an experiential way of dealing with uncertainty and introduces a set of experimental methods showing how the experience of haptic softness can serve as a tool to deal with uncertainty.

实验研究研究如何人能不确定性通过软触觉感知应对

Human beings are constantly surrounded by uncertainty and change. The question arises how people cope with such uncertainty. To date, most research has ...

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