Name: photothrombosis-induced focal ischemia as a model of spinal cord injury in mice
Uploaded: 2015-07-16T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Photothrombosis-induced Focal Ischemia as a Model of Spinal Cord Injury in Mice at JoVE.com

이 작품은 국립 보건원 (National Institutes of Health) [그랜트 없음에 의해 지원되었다. R01NS069726] 원조 부여에서 미국 심장 협회 (American Heart Association) 그랜트 [그랜트 없음. 13GRNT17020004] SD에.

참고 : 마우스 (C57BL / 6J, 남성) 세 10-12주이 연구에 사용되었다. 모든 절차는 실험 동물의 관리 및 사용에 대한 NIH 가이드에 따라 수행하고 미주리 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회의 대학 (IACUC)에 의해 승인되었다. 1. 사전 수술 <ol><li> 수술 오토 클레이브 전날 모든 수술기구를 소독. (121 O를 C, 15 PSI, 30/30 사이클) 건조 30 분 뒤에 30 분 15 psi에서 121 ℃로 ?...

<ol>
	<li>Cadotte, D. W., Fehlings, M. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spinal+cord+injury:+a+systematic+review+of+current+treatment+options.">Spinal cord injury: a systematic review of current treatment options.</a> Clin Orthop Relat Res. 469 (3), 732-741 (2011).</li><li>Cheriyan, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spinal+cord+injury+models:+a+review.">Spinal cord injury models: a review.</a> Spinal Cord. 52 (8), 588-595 (2014).</li><li>Young, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Secondary+injury+mechanisms+in+acute+spinal+cord+injury.">Secondary injury mechanisms in acute spinal cord injury.</a> J Emerg Med. 11, 13-22 (1993).</li><li>Crowe, M. J., Bresnahan, J. C., Shuman, S. L., Masters, J. N., Beattie, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Apoptosis+and+delayed+degeneration+after+spinal+cord+injury+in+rats+and+monkeys.">Apoptosis and delayed degeneration after spinal cord injury in rats and monkeys.</a> Nat Med. 3 (1), 73-76 (1997).</li><li>Soubeyrand, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+norepinephrine+on+spinal+cord+blood+flow+and+parenchymal+hemorrhage+size+in+acute-phase+experimental+spinal+cord+injury.">Effect of norepinephrine on spinal cord blood flow and parenchymal hemorrhage size in acute-phase experimental spinal cord injury.</a> Eur Spine J. 23 (3), 658-665 (2014).</li><li>Soubeyrand, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+and+spatial+quantification+using+contrast-enhanced+ultrasonography+of+spinal+cord+perfusion+during+experimental+spinal+cord+injury.">Real-time and spatial quantification using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of spinal cord perfusion during experimental spinal cord injury.</a> Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 37 (22), E1376-E1382 (2012).</li><li>Mautes, A. E., Weinzierl, M. R., Donovan, F., Noble, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascular+events+after+spinal+cord+injury:+contribution+to+secondary+pathogenesis).">Vascular events after spinal cord injury: contribution to secondary pathogenesis).</a> Phys Ther. 80 (7), 673-687 (2000).</li><li>Liu, X. Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuronal+and+glial+apoptosis+after+traumatic+spinal+cord+injury.">Neuronal and glial apoptosis after traumatic spinal cord injury.</a> J Neurosci. 17 (14), 5395-5406 (1997).</li><li>Liu, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+experimental+study+of+cell+apoptosis+and+correlative+gene+expression+after+tractive+spinal+cord+injury+in+rats.">An experimental study of cell apoptosis and correlative gene expression after tractive spinal cord injury in rats.</a> Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 42 (23), 1434-1437 (2004).</li><li>Hirose, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activated+protein+C+reduces+the+ischemia/reperfusion-induced+spinal+cord+injury+in+rats+by+inhibiting+neutrophil+activation.">Activated protein C reduces the ischemia/reperfusion-induced spinal cord injury in rats by inhibiting neutrophil activation.</a> Ann Surg. 232 (2), 272-280 (2000).</li><li>Oyinbo, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Secondary+injury+mechanisms+in+traumatic+spinal+cord+injury:+a+nugget+of+this+multiply+cascade.">Secondary injury mechanisms in traumatic spinal cord injury: a nugget of this multiply cascade.</a> Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 71 (2), 281-299 (2011).</li><li>Guerit, J. M., Dion, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=State-of-the-art+of+neuromonitoring+for+prevention+of+immediate+and+delayed+paraplegia+in+thoracic+and+thoracoabdominal+aorta+surgery).">State-of-the-art of neuromonitoring for prevention of immediate and delayed paraplegia in thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta surgery).</a> Ann Thorac Surg. 74 (5), S1867-S1869 (2002).</li><li>Schepens, M. A., Heijmen, R. H., Ranschaert, W., Sonker, U., Morshuis, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thoracoabdominal+aortic+aneurysm+repair:+results+of+conventional+open+surgery.">Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: results of conventional open surgery.</a> Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 37 (6), 640-645 (2009).</li><li>Braeuninger, S., Kleinschnitz, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rodent+models+of+focal+cerebral+ischemia:+procedural+pitfalls+and+translational+problems.">Rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia: procedural pitfalls and translational problems.</a> Exp Transl Stroke Med. 1, 8 (2009).</li><li>Carmichael, S. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rodent+models+of+focal+stroke:+size,+mechanism,+and+purpose.">Rodent models of focal stroke: size, mechanism, and purpose.</a> NeuroRx. 2 (3), 396-409 (2005).</li><li>Dietrich, W. D., Ginsberg, M. D., Busto, R., Watson, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photochemically+induced+cortical+infarction+in+the+rat.+1.+Time+course+of+hemodynamic+consequences.">Photochemically induced cortical infarction in the rat. 1. Time course of hemodynamic consequences.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 6 (2), 184-194 (1986).</li><li>Zhang, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuronal+protective+role+of+PBEF+in+a+mouse+model+of+cerebral+ischemia.">Neuronal protective role of PBEF in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 30 (12), 1962-1971 (2010).</li><li>Li, H., Zhang, N., Sun, G., Ding, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+the+group+I+mGluRs+reduces+acute+brain+damage+and+improves+long-term+histological+outcomes+after+photothrombosis-induced+ischaemia.">Inhibition of the group I mGluRs reduces acute brain damage and improves long-term histological outcomes after photothrombosis-induced ischaemia.</a> ASN Neuro. 5 (3), 195-207 (2013).</li><li>Li, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histological,+cellular+and+behavioral+assessments+of+stroke+outcomes+after+photothrombosis-induced+ischemia+in+adult+mice.">Histological, cellular and behavioral assessments of stroke outcomes after photothrombosis-induced ischemia in adult mice.</a> BMC Neurosci. 15, 58 (2014).</li><li>Wang, T., Cui, W., Xie, Y., Zhang, W., Ding, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlling+the+Volume+of+the+Focal+Cerebral+Ischemic+Lesion+through+Photothrombosis.">Controlling the Volume of the Focal Cerebral Ischemic Lesion through Photothrombosis.</a> American Journal of Biomedical Sciences. 2 (1), 33-42 (2010).</li><li>Schroeter, M., Jander, S., Stoll, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-invasive+induction+of+focal+cerebral+ischemia+in+mice+by+photothrombosis+of+cortical+microvessels:+characterization+of+inflammatory+responses.">Non-invasive induction of focal cerebral ischemia in mice by photothrombosis of cortical microvessels: characterization of inflammatory responses.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 117 (1), 43-49 (2002).</li><li>Boquillon, M., Boquillon, J. P., Bralet, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photochemically+induced,+graded+cerebral+infarction+in+the+mouse+by+laser+irradiation+evolution+of+brain+edema.">Photochemically induced, graded cerebral infarction in the mouse by laser irradiation evolution of brain edema.</a> J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 27 (1), 1-6 (1992).</li><li>Kim, G. W., Lewen, A., Copin, J., Watson, B. D., Chan, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cytosolic+antioxidant,+copper/zinc+superoxide+dismutase,+attenuates+blood-brain+barrier+disruption+and+oxidative+cellular+injury+after+photothrombotic+cortical+ischemia+in+mice.">The cytosolic antioxidant, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption and oxidative cellular injury after photothrombotic cortical ischemia in mice.</a> Neuroscience. 105 (4), 1007-1018 (2001).</li><li>Schmidt, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photochemically+induced+ischemic+stroke+in+rats.">Photochemically induced ischemic stroke in rats.</a> Exp Transl Stroke Med. 4 (1), 13 (2012).</li><li>Lang-Lazdunski, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spinal+cord+ischemia.+Development+of+a+model+in+the+mouse.">Spinal cord ischemia. Development of a model in the mouse.</a> Stroke. 31 (1), 208-213 (2000).</li><li>Wang, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+simplified+spinal+cord+ischemia+model+in+mice.">Development of a simplified spinal cord ischemia model in mice.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 189 (2), 246-251 (2010).</li><li>Labat-gest, V., Tomasi, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photothrombotic+ischemia:+a+minimally+invasive+and+reproducible+photochemical+cortical+lesion+model+for+mouse+stroke+studies.">Photothrombotic ischemia: a minimally invasive and reproducible photochemical cortical lesion model for mouse stroke studies.</a> J Vis Exp. (76), (2013).</li><li>Lu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+and+imaging+of+photothrombotic+stroke+in+conscious+and+freely+moving+rats.">Induction and imaging of photothrombotic stroke in conscious and freely moving rats.</a> J Biomed Opt. 19 (9), 96013 (2014).</li><li>Seto, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+ischemic+stroke+in+awake+freely+moving+mice+reveals+that+isoflurane+anesthesia+can+mask+the+benefits+of+a+neuroprotection+therapy.">Induction of ischemic stroke in awake freely moving mice reveals that isoflurane anesthesia can mask the benefits of a neuroprotection therapy.</a> Front Neuroenergetics. 6 (1), (2014).</li><li>Bell, M. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toll-like+receptor+4-dependent+microglial+activation+mediates+spinal+cord+ischemia-reperfusion+injury.">Toll-like receptor 4-dependent microglial activation mediates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.</a> Circulation. 128 (11 Suppl 1), S152-S156 (2013).</li><li>Smith, P. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+evolution+of+chemokine+release+supports+a+bimodal+mechanism+of+spinal+cord+ischemia+and+reperfusion+injury.">The evolution of chemokine release supports a bimodal mechanism of spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion injury.</a> Circulation. 126 (11 Suppl 1), S110-S117 (2012).</li><li>Jia, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxidative+stress+in+spinal+cord+injury+and+antioxidant-based+intervention.">Oxidative stress in spinal cord injury and antioxidant-based intervention.</a> Spinal Cord. 50 (4), 264-274 (2012).</li></ol>

본 연구에서는 SC 허혈의 photothrombotic 모델을 설명했다. 때문에 발전에 유전 공학이 가능 SC의 허혈성 병태 생리에 관여하는 특정 유전자의 영향을 연구하기 위해 만든 시판되는 형질 전환 마우스가 급증되고있다. 연구의 목적은 척수 허혈 재현성 마우스 모델을 개발하는 것이었다. 여기에서 우리는 생쥐에서 SCI를 유도하는 대뇌 피질의 PT 모델을 적용. 수술에게 T11 흉부 척추의 수준에...

외상성 척수 손상 (SCI)는 SC의 감각 및 자율 신경계 기능에 영향을 미치는 치명적인 임상 조건이다. SCI 생존 환자는 종종 크게 일상 생활과 삶 (1)의 품질에 영향을 마비 쇠약으로 남아 있습니다. 실험 SCI 모델은 SCI의 병태 생리 및 관련 신경 복구 프로세스를 이해하는 과학적인 조사에 필수적인 도구왔다. 이러한 모델은 기능 회복 겨냥한 다양한 실험 신경 중재 전임상 효능을 테스트하기 위해 사용되어왔다. 현재, 실제로 SCI 모델의 대부분은 기계적으로 혼란과 SC를 손상하는 물리적 둔기의 사용을 사용합니다. 이러한 방법은 SC 2의 타박상, 압축, 전위와 절개를 포함한다. 이 제안되었음을 차 기계적 모독 부상 SC에서의 허혈 세트의 형태로 보조 손상 후<html> 3,4. 차 허혈의 원인은 조직의 부종 5-7으로 혈관의 폐색에 의해 때때로 광범위한 조직 변성, 실질 출혈 등이 포함됩니다. SC의 무결성이 더욱 영향 이차 손상의 결과로서, 뉴런 및 신경 교세포 심각 기능과 생존에 손상되고, 허혈성 주변부 다음 스트로크 성장 유사한 손상의 만성 단계에서 성장 경색에 이르게 아폽토시스를 거칠 8,9. 흥분 독성, 자유 라디칼을 생산하고, 염증과 같은 몇몇 메커니즘 SCI 10,11 다음 허혈성 세포사에 대한 책임이있는 것으로보고되었다. 또한, SC 허혈은 종종 환자 12, 13에서 하반신 마비로 이어질 흉 복부 대 동맥류 수리 수술의 심각한 합병증이다. 높은 임상 적 영향에도 불구하고 높은 재현성과 척수 허혈의 거의 모델은 현재 사용할 수 있습니다. NT는 &quot;&gt; Photothrombosis (PT)이 기술은 높은 재현성 상당히 비 침습적이다. 뇌 14-20에서 국소 허혈의 유도를위한 일반적으로 사용되는 방법이며, 뇌 (17)의 노출 된 영역에서 정확한 초점 허혈성 병소를 생산 -21.이 장미 벵골 (RB) 16-20,22 또는 에리트로 B 등의 광활성 염료의 전신 투여에 의해 달성된다는 적절한 광원과 혈관의 지역화 조사 하였다 (23). 염료의 Photoactivation이 활성 산소의 생성을 일으키는 매끄러운 혈관 내피 세포의 무결성을 파괴하고, 혈소판이어서 용기 (24)에 의해 공급 부위에서 경색에 혈전 결과로. 혈류 폐색 혈전을 형성하는, 축적시킬. 인해가 온 제어 완화 강도와 조사 기간이 절차는 매우 균일하고 재현성 경색을 산출한다. 또한,이 방법은 infarc을 유도하기 위해 사용될 수있다허혈 효과의 공간 (예를 들면, 대 백질 회백질) 이해할 수 있도록 다양한 해부학 적 위치에서 t. 현재의 연구는 마우스에 SC 허혈 쉽고 높은 재현성 모델을 개발하는 것이다. 우리는 마우스에서 SC 허혈의 모델 PT의 절차를 설명했다. 조직학 및 면역 염색 결과는 PT 효과적으로 사우스 캐롤라이나 경색, 신경 세포의 손실 및 반응성 신경교 증을 유도 할 수 있음을 보여 주었다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1050">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">&#160;Rose Bengal</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">330000</td>
			<td style="width:421px;">20 mg/ml in sterile saline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">C57Bl6/J</td>
			<td>Jackson lab</td>
			<td>664</td>
			<td>22-25g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ketamine&#160;</td>
			<td>VEDCO</td>
			<td>NDC-50989-996-06</td>
			<td>100 mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Xylazine&#160;</td>
			<td>VEDCO</td>
			<td>NDC-50989-234-11</td>
			<td>100 mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Betadine solution</td>
			<td>Purdue</td>
			<td>NDC-67618-150-01</td>
			<td>10% povidone iodine topical solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Normal saline</td>
			<td>Abott Laboratories</td>
			<td>04930-04-10</td>
			<td>For diluting RB, anaesthesia and for preventing tissue from drying</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Artificial tears ointment&#160;</td>
			<td>Rugby</td>
			<td>NDC-0536-6550-91</td>
			<td>83% white petrolatum</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td>Decon labs.Inc</td>
			<td>2716</td>
			<td>70% ethanol for disinfection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Metal halide lamp</td>
			<td>EXFO, Canada</td>
			<td>X-Cite 120 PC&#160;</td>
			<td>Set power at 12%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Spring scissors&#160;</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td>15000-10</td>
			<td>for minor dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Scissors (angled to side)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td>14063-011</td>
			<td>No. 3 handle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Standard scalpel</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td>10003-12</td>
			<td>for removing muscle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Scalpel blade</td>
			<td>Feather</td>
			<td>2976</td>
			<td>No. 10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Forceps (curved)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td>11150-10</td>
			<td>for holding tissue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Forceps (straight)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td>11151-10</td>
			<td>for holding tissue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Needle holder&#160;</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td>12002-12</td>
			<td>for suturing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tissue adhesive glue</td>
			<td>3M Vetbond</td>
			<td>1469SB</td>
			<td>to adhere to edges of the cut skin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Monofilament polypropylene&#160;</td>
			<td>USSC Sutures</td>
			<td>VP-521</td>
			<td>Size = 4-0 (for fascia)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Perma-hand silk</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>683G</td>
			<td>Size = 4-0 (for skin)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micro drill</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co. Inc.</td>
			<td>RS-6300</td>
			<td>with bone polishing drill bit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Laser doppler flowmeter</td>
			<td>Moor Instruments</td>
			<td>moorVMS-LDF1</td>
			<td>for monitoring change in blood flow</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Heating pad</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td>21052-00</td>
			<td>to prevent hypothermia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Lab-Jack</td>
			<td>Fisher scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>14-673-50</td>
			<td>4x4 in plate to adjust the height of the animal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">X-Y gliding stage&#160;</td>
			<td>Amscope</td>
			<td>GT100</td>
			<td>for positioning the animal under microscope&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

photothrombosis-induced focal ischemia as a model of spinal cord injury in mice

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating clinical condition causing permanent changes in sensorimotor and autonomic functions of the spinal cord (SC) below the site of injury. The secondary ischemia that develops following the initial mechanical insult is a serious complication of the SCI and severely impairs the function and viability of surviving neuronal and non-neuronal cells in the SC. In addition, ischemia is also responsible for the growth of lesion during chronic phase of injury and interferes with the cellular repair and healing processes. Thus there is a need to develop a spinal cord ischemia model for studying the mechanisms of ischemia-induced pathology. Focal ischemia induced by photothrombosis (PT) is a minimally invasive and very well established procedure used to investigate the pathology of ischemia-induced cell death in the brain. Here, we describe the use of PT to induce an ischemic lesion in the spinal cord of mice. Following retro-orbital sinus injection of Rose Bengal, the posterior spinal vein and other capillaries on the dorsal surface of SC were irradiated with a green light resulting in the formation of a thrombus and thus ischemia in the affected region. Results from histology and immunochemistry studies show that PT-induced ischemia caused spinal cord infarction, loss of neurons and reactive gliosis. Using this technique a highly reproducible and relatively easy model of SCI in mice can be achieved that would serve the purpose of scientific investigations into the mechanisms of ischemia induced cell death as well as the efficacy of neuroprotective drugs. This model will also allow exploration of the pathological changes that occur following SCI in live mice like axonal degeneration and regeneration, neuronal and astrocytic Ca2+ signaling using two-photon microscopy.

본 연구의 목적은 PT 모델을 사용하여 생쥐의 척수 허혈을 제조 하였다. 척수 (T10 - T12) 위의 뼈의 원하는 영역 후 얇게하고, 로즈 벵갈 복고풍 궤도 동 경로를 통해 주입하고, 허혈은 PT에 의해 유도 된 그림 1A가, B는에 위치 마우스를 보여 맞춤 수술. 수술 중 플랫폼입니다. 마우스가 주둥이 클램프로 고정 된 두 개의 조정 가능한 척추 동물은 척추를 안정화 클램프 그림 1C는</strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Photothrombosis-induced Focal Ischemia as a Model of Spinal Cord Injury in Mice at JoVE.com

Photothrombosis-induced Focal Ischemia as a Model of Spinal Cord Injury in Mice

Photothrombosis is a minimally invasive and highly reproducible procedure to induce focal ischemia in the spinal cord and serves as a model of spinal cord injury in mice.

쥐의 척수 손상의 모델로 초점 국소 빈혈을 Photothrombosis는 유도

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating clinical condition causing permanent changes in sensorimotor and autonomic functions of the spinal cord (SC) ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Acute and Chronic Tactile Sensory Testing after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

쥐의 척수를 다친 후에 급성 및 만성 촉각 감각 테스트

Spinal cord injury (SCI) impairs sensory systems causing allodynia1-8. To identify cellular and molecular causes of allodynia, sensitive and valid sensory ...

연구

의학

Controlled Cervical Laceration Injury in Mice

마우스의 제어 자궁 경부 열상 상해

Use of genetically modified mice enhances our  understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying several neurological disorders  such as a spinal cord ...

A Contusion Model of Severe Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

쥐에 심각한 척수 손상의 타박상 모델

The translational potential of novel treatments should be investigated in severe spinal cord injury (SCI) contusion models. A detailed methodology is ...

Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice

마우스의 급성 신장 손상 및 사후 상해 섬유증의 허혈 - 재관류 모델

Ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury (IR-AKI) is widely used as a model of AKI in mice, but results are often quite variable with high, often ...

Reproducable Paraplegia by Thoracic Aortic Occlusion in a Murine Model of Spinal Cord Ischemia-reperfusion

척수 허혈 - 재관류의 생쥐 모델에서 흉부 대동맥 폐색에 의해 재생산 할 하반신 마비

Background
Lower extremity paralysis continues to complicate aortic interventions. The lack of understanding of the underlying pathology has hindered ...

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury

외상성 뇌 손상에 대한 제어 피질 충격 모델

Every year over a million Americans suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI).  Combined with the incidence of TBIs worldwide, the physical, emotional, ...

A Radio-telemetric System to Monitor Cardiovascular Function in Rats with Spinal Cord Transection and Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Grafts

무선 원격 측정 시스템은 척수 절개 및 배아 신경 세포 이식 줄기와 흰쥐의 심장 혈관 기능을 모니터링 할 수

High thoracic or cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction. To monitor cardiovascular parameters, we implanted a catheter ...

Neural Stem Cell Transplantation in Experimental Contusive Model of Spinal Cord Injury

척수 손상의 실험 Contusive 모델에서 신경 줄기 세포 이식

Spinal cord injury is a devastating clinical condition, characterized by a complex of neurological dysfunctions. Animal models of spinal cord injury can ...

Calibrated Forceps Model of Spinal Cord Compression Injury

척수 압축 부상의 보정 집게 모델

Compression injuries of the murine spinal cord are valuable animal models for the study of spinal cord injury (SCI) and spinal regenerative therapy. The ...

A Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord Compression Injury Model

신생아 마우스 척수 압축 부상 모델

Spinal cord injury (SCI) typically causes devastating neurological deficits, particularly through damage to fibers descending from the brain to the spinal ...