Name: chromatin immunoprecipitation assay for the identification of arabidopsis protein-dna interactions in vivo
Uploaded: 2016-01-14T16:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo at JoVE.com

The authors would like to acknowledge The Plant Cell for allowing the use of some data published in this journal to elaborate the representative results described here in Figure 4. This work was supported by the EU 7FP Marie Curie-Initial Training Network EpiTRAITS (Grant Agreement 316965), and by the Spanish Ministerio de Econom&#236;a y Competitividad (grants BIO2010-15589 and BIO2013-43098-R).

식물 재료 1. 가교 (1 시간) <ol><li> 애기 실험에 사용 된 선 성장 (- WT - 야생형 돌연변이 대를, 및 / 또는 태그를 표현하는 라인 대 관심의 단백질의 태그 버전을 표현하는 라인은 어떤 단백질에 융합되지 않음) 큰 페트리 접시에 12-18일에 대한 (150mm) MS 한천 배지 (1 L : 무라 시게 및 1X 스쿡 염, 10g의 수 크로스, 0.5 g의 MES, pH가 5.7 (KOH), 1 % 아가)와. 토양과 지렁이의 1 혼합 : 또는 3을 포함하는 화분에 식?...

<ol>
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여기에 설명 된 칩 프로토콜은 아라비돕시스 식물의 생체 내에서 단백질과 특정 DNA 서열 사이의 상호 작용을 분석 재현성 강력한 기술이다. 관심의 단백질 결합 부위의 성공적인 식별 관련 상호 작용이 실제로 일어나고있는 식물 기관 또는 발달 단계의 적절한 선택이 필요합니다. 또, 식물 재료의 적절한 고정 및 초음파 처리에 의해 최적의 염색질의 전단을 수득하는 것이 중요하다. 선택?...

최근 몇 년 동안, 분자 적 유전자 및 게놈 툴의 다양한 모델 종 애기 장대에서 개발되어왔다. 이 기술은 식물 개발을 규제하는 방법을 이해하는 엄청난 발전을 촉진했다. 모델로 애기 장대를 이용하여 연구 개발 과정 중, 꽃이 피는 시간의 유전 적 제어가 광범위하게 분석하고있다. 이 연구는 식물은 호르몬과 식물의 나이 내생 단서에 대한 응답으로 꽃을 매우 정밀하게 시간을 조절하는 것으로 나타났습니다, 또한 시즌 1의 자연주기와 시간을 꽃 동기화 등 광주 및 온도 등의 환경 신호에, 2. 개화시기의 변화와 애기 돌연변이의 분리 및 특성 규명은 내인성 및 환경 인자에 응답하여 개화시기를 조절하는 유전자의 복잡한 네트워크를 공개에서 결정되었다. 이 유전자 회로는꽃의 스위치로서 작용 몇 마스터 유전자 수준에서 통합 및 꽃 개시의 정확한 타이밍은 개화 촉진 및 꽃 적분기 유전자 1,3 상류 작업 활동을 억압의 균형에 의존한다. 게놈 접근의 최근 사용에 의해 원조 꽃 개시의 제어에서의 역할에 대해 확인 된 유전자의 기능적 특성은, 꽃이 피는 시간의 변조에 전사 조절의 중심 역할을 계시했다. 사실, 꽃 인코딩 전사 마스터 유전자의 대부분은 4 요인. 또한, 크로 마틴 리모델링 단백질 복합체의 수는 개화 마스터 유전자의 발현에 영향을 미친다. 자신의 변경된 꽃 시간 동안 고립 된 애기 장대 돌연변이 체의 수는 염색질 수정의 다양한 암호화하는 유전자의 돌연변이를 가지고 밝혀졌다. 히스톤의 번역 후 변형을 소개 다른 염색질 remodelers전자 꼬리는 DNA에 비해 뉴 클레오의 위치를 변경하거나 애기 5,6에서 꽃의 적절한 규제 히스톤 변형에 의해 필요한 표준 히스톤을하고 있습니다 교환한다. 이 크로 마틴 리모델링 활동 중 일부는 증착 또는 특정 히스톤 잔류 물에 아세틸 또는 메틸화와 같은 공유 수정의 제거를 촉진. 이러한 히스톤 마크는 특히 꽃 유전자의 전사 활성을 조절하는 다른 크로 마틴 리모델링 복합체, 전사 인자 또는 전사 기계의 구성 요소를 모집 전문 이펙터에 의해 인식됩니다. 염색질 면역 침전 (칩)는 생체 내 DNA 결합 관심의 단백질 사이트를 (그림 1)의 확인을 할 수 있습니다. 이 절차는 DNA에 크로스 링크에 특정 화학 물질의 기능의 단백질을 이용한다. 얻어진 DNA 단백질 복합체는 다음 AGA 특정 항체를 이용하여 면역 침전 될 수있다이달 전사 인자, 염색질 - 결합 단백질, 또는 특정 변형 및 이종 에피토프는 원하는 단백질을 부착 (일반적으로 &quot;태그&quot;라 함). 이러한 immunoprecipitates로부터 정제 DNA는 관심있는 특정 서열의 엔리치 평가하기 위해 정량적 PCR (qPCR에) 반응에서 주형으로서 사용될 수있다. 이러한 방식으로, 전사 인자의 결합 부위 또는 특정 유전자 히스톤 마크들의 분포는 7,8를 설립 할 수있다. 또한, 대규모 병렬 시퀀싱을 가능 차세대 시퀀싱 (NGS)와 결합 칩 기술은 전사 인자의 결합 부위뿐만 아니라 히스톤 변형 공개 에피 지노믹스 풍경 게놈 전체의 식별을 가능하게하고있다. 또한, 유전자 발현의 동시 분석을 전사 조절기의 결합 또는 특정 히스톤 마크 증착 activi 전사와 상관 관계가 어떻게 모니터링 허용유전자 (9)의 타이. 애기 장대의 칩 프로토콜의 사용은 전사 레귤레이터 다양한 염색질 개화 마스터 유전자의 조직 및 방법이 구조적 변화는 유전자 발현에 영향을 5,6에 미치는 영향을 평가할 수있다. 이전 결과 짧은 일 애기 궤적 조기 BOLTING (EBS)이이 유전자 쇼에서 꽃과 꽃 FT의 마스터 유전자의 상향 조절의 가속도를 꽃과 돌연변이의 억제 자 역할을 것을 보여 주었다. 또한, FT의 기능 상실 돌연변이는 완전히 FT는 EBS 돌연변이 조기 개화과 EBS 10 꽃이 마스터 유전자의 억제에 필요한 것으로 요구 된 것을 나타내는, EBS 돌연변이 식물의 개화 표현형을 억제 , 11. EBS는 특히 히스톤 H3의 디 바인딩과 일에 트라이 메틸화 수있는 PHD-포함하는 단백질을 암호화FT (12)의 크로 마틴 매개 억압에서 EBS의 역할을 제안하는 전자 라이신 4 잔류 물 (/ 3 H3K4me2). 칩 방식의 사용은 애기 PHD 함유 단백질 EBS 10,11는 식 (12)을 억제하는 꽃 적분기 FT 유전자의 조절 영역을 결합하는 것을 보여 주었다. 칩 기술을 이용하여 만들어진 추가의 데이터는이 단백질이 애기 개발의 초기 단계에서 꽃이 마스터 유전자의 크로 마틴의 히스톤 아세틸 화, 활성화 된 전사의 특징 인 낮은 수준을 유지하기 위해 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 함께 유전자 및 유전자 발현 데이터와 이러한 관찰은이 애기 PHD - 함유 단백질이 꽃 적분기 (12)의 FT 유전자 발현을 변조시킴으로써 개화시기의 미세 조정에 중심적인 역할을 가지고 있음을 보여준다. 여기에 제시된 작품은 히스톤의 분석뿐만 아니라 다른 용뿐만 아니라 유용한 최적화 된 방법을 제공염색질은 단백질 관련, 증가 된 효율 및 실험 시간을 단축. 또한,이 보고서 칩 프로토콜의 사용은 애기 장대의 개화의 발병에 유전자 발현 제어 충격이 염색질 - 중재 메커니즘 염색질 변형의 변화 및 ​​식물 유전자의 전사 상태 사이의 관계에 새로운 통찰력을 제공하는 방법과 어떻게 나타낸다.

<table border="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>MES</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M8250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MS (Murashige and Skoog Basal Salt Mixture)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M5524</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formaldehyde 37%&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>F8775-25</td>
			<td>Use under the fume hood</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protease inhibitor mix cOmplete ULTRA Tablets, Mini, EDTA-free, EASYpack</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>5892791001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bioruptor Standard sonication device</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>B01010002 (UCD200TO)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>50046</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>QIAquick PCR Purification Kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>28104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dynabeads&#174; magnetic beads coupled with protein A or protein G</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10003D/10001D</td>
			<td>Check manufacturer&#8217;s manual for antibody affinity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Miracloth</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>475855</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton&#8482; X-100 Surfact-Amps&#8482; Detergent Solution</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>85112</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>(mouse, rat, rabbit&#8230;)-IgG</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>C15400001, C15420001, C15410206</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic rack - DynaMag&#8482;-2</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>12321D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>H3K9/14ac polyclonal antibody - Premium&#160;</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>C15410200-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chelex&#174; 100 Resin</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>142-2832</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Proteinase K</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>17916</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Myc Tag Antibody, clone 4A6</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>05-724</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LightCycler&#174; 480 SYBR Green I Master</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>4707516001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

chromatin immunoprecipitation assay for the identification of arabidopsis protein-dna interactions in vivo

Intricate gene regulatory networks orchestrate biological processes and developmental transitions in plants. Selective transcriptional activation and silencing of genes mediate the response of plants to environmental signals and developmental cues. Therefore, insights into the mechanisms that control plant gene expression are essential to gain a deep understanding of how biological processes are regulated in plants. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) technique described here is a procedure to identify the DNA-binding sites of proteins in genes or genomic regions of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. The interactions with DNA of proteins of interest such as transcription factors, chromatin proteins or posttranslationally modified versions of histones can be efficiently analyzed with the ChIP protocol. This method is based on the fixation of protein-DNA interactions in vivo, random fragmentation of chromatin, immunoprecipitation of protein-DNA complexes with specific antibodies, and quantification of the DNA associated with the protein of interest by PCR techniques. The use of this methodology in Arabidopsis has contributed significantly to unveil transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that control a variety of plant biological processes. This approach allowed the identification of the binding sites of the Arabidopsis chromatin protein EBS to regulatory regions of the master gene of flowering FT. The impact of this protein in the accumulation of particular histone marks in the genomic region of FT was also revealed through ChIP analysis.

여덟 가지 주요 단계는 성장하고 식물 재료, 염색질의 가교, 염색질 격리, 염색질의 분열, DNA와의 복합체의 선택적 분리의 수확을 포함 생체 내 단백질 DNA 상호 작용의 식별을 위해이 칩 프로토콜에 선출 될 수있다 면역 침전, 단백질 분해, DNA 정제와 qPCR의 분석 (도 1)에 의해 관심있는 단백질. 칩 프로토콜에서 중요한 단계는 가교 결합 반응에서 DNA - 단백질 상호 작용의 정착이?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo at JoVE.com

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo

염색질 면역 침전은 DNA가 생체 내에서 애기 단백질의 결합 부위의 식별을위한 강력한 기술이다. 이 절차는 염색질 가교과 분열, 관심의 단백질에 선택적 항체와 면역과 결합 된 DNA의 qPCR에 분석을 포함한다. 우리는 애기 장대 식물에 최적화 된 간단한 칩 분석에 대해 설명합니다.

애기 장대 단백질 DNA 상호 작용의 식별을위한 염색질 면역 침전 분석<em&gt; 생체</em

Intricate gene regulatory networks orchestrate biological processes and developmental transitions in plants. Selective transcriptional activation and ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to unveil interactions between proteins and DNA in the chromatin of arabidopsis cells. This method can help answer key questions in the plant biology field, such as which genes are regulated by a given transcription factor, or what system modifications are associated with a transcriptional status of genes. The main advantage of this technique is that through the cross-linking step, it is possible to fix and capture changes in chromatin organization occurring during plant development.Though this method can provide a insight into protein interaction in arabidopsis thaliana, it also can be applied to different plant orders and adapted to other plant species. Demonstrating this procedure will be Dorota Komar and Alfonso Mouriz, two PhD students in our laboratory. After growing arabidopsis according to the text protocol, collect 1.5 grams of plant material in 50 milliliter tubes, and keep them on ice during cross-linking.Then, use a laboratory burner-heated needle to make little holes in the lids of the tubes. Add 40 milliliters of 1x pbs and 1.08 milliliters of formaldehyde to the tubes. Screw the lids on the tubes, and place the tubes in a desiccator.Vacuum infiltrate for 10 minutes, then carefully release the vacuum to prevent churning up the solution. After mixing the sample, repeat the vacuum and mixing steps. Upon infiltration, observe the plant material and confirm that it becomes slightly translucent and sinks to the bottom of the tube.Add 2.5 milliliters of two molar glycine to a final concentration of 0.125 molar and apply the vacuum for five minutes. After releasing the vacuum, discard the solution by inverting the tubes and allowing it to drip through the holes in the lids. Use pbs to rinse the plantlets twice, and rinse with water once.Then dry the plantlets on a paper towel before using liquid nitrogen to freeze. Per each immunoprecipitation, prepare 15 microliters of magnetic beads in a 1.5 milliliter microcentrifuge tube. Add one milliliter of chromatin immunoprecipitation, or chip dilution buffer, to the beads, mix by rotation, and place the 1.5 milliliter microcentrifuge tube in a magnetic rack.After allowing the beads to attach to the magnet for about a minute, use a pipetman to remove the supernatant before repeating the wash. Re-suspend the beads in 200 microliters of chip dilution buffer. For immunoprecipitation add the required amount of the specific antibody to one of the two tubes prepared for each plant blind.A key factor in successful chip experiment is the chosen antibody for the immunoprecipitation of the protein of interest. Antibodies raised against plant transcription factor can be useful for chip experiments, but the serum has to be thoroughly tested. For example, antibodies checked only in Western blot analysis are not necessarily valid for chip.As a negative control, add the same amount of non-specific IGG to the second tube. Incubate the tubes at four degrees Celsius overnight on a rotating wheel to allow the antibody to attach to the beads. Using a mortar and pestle, thoroughly grind the frozen plant material in liquid nitrogen until the powder becomes homogeneous and light green.Transfer the powder to a new 50 milliliter tube. Under a fume hood, add 30 milliliters of extraction buffer one, and mix well to soak the tissue powder. From this step on, keep the samples at four degrees Celsius at all times, and make sure that the tissue is completely thawed before moving forward.Clear the slurry by passing it through a filtration tissue with a pore size of 22 to 25 micrometers into a new 50 milliliter tube. Then centrifuge at 1, 000 times g and four degrees Celsius for 20 minutes. Gently decant the supernatant from the pellet, which should be about two milliliters in volume.With five milliliters of extraction buffer two, re-suspend the pellet. Then centrifuge at 1, 000 times g and four degrees Celsius for 10 minutes. After decanting the supernatant, re-suspend the pellet in 300 microliters of extraction buffer three.In a separate tube, add 600 microliters of extraction buffer three and then carefully layer the re-suspended pellet on top of the clean buffer. Centrifuge the tube for one hour at 16, 000 times g at four degrees Celsius, followed by aspiration of the supernatant with a pipette. Next, use 300 microliters of sonication buffer to slowly re-suspend the nuclear pellet, avoiding bubble formation, which may affect sonication efficiency.Carefully transfer the suspension to a clean, 1.5 milliliter tube. Sonicate the suspension to lyse the nuclei and randomly share the chromatin into 200 to 600 base pair fragments. Verify the DNA fragment sizes on an agarose gel, then spin the solution at 12, 000 times g and four degrees Celsius for 10 minutes.Transfer the supernatant to a fresh 1.5 milliliter tube, and discard the pellet. Aliquot one-tenth of the supernatant into a new tube, and label it as input'before freezing at minus 20 degrees Celsius. Finally, make a ten-fold dilution of the chromatin in chip dilution buffer to achieve a final SDS concentration of 0.1 percent.Samples can then be frozen and stored at minus 20 degrees Celsius for several weeks. After incubating the beads with antibodies overnight, use one milliliter of chip dilution buffer to wash the beads three times, then re-suspend the beads in one milliliter of the diluted chromatin, and incubate the tube overnight on a rotating wheel at four degrees Celsius. The following day, place the beads on the magnetic rack at four degrees Celsius, and after removing the solution, use one milliliter of low-salt washing buffer to wash the beads twice, then use high-salt washing buffer to wash the beads once.After using one milliliter of lithium chloride washing buffer to wash the beads once, use one milliliter of TE buffer to wash the beads twice. Aspirate to thoroughly remove the TE wash buffer. Once the input samples are thawed, transfer five microliters of each into new 1.5 milliliter tubes, and moving forward, treat similarly to the chip samples.Reverse the cross-linking by adding 200 microliters of five percent chelating ion exchange resin and incubate at 95 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes, shaking every two to three minutes. Spin down at 16, 000 times g for 30 seconds, and carefully transfer the supernatant into new microfuge tubes. Add two microliters of 10 milligrams per milliliter protonase K, and incubate at 37 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to digest proteins and release DNA.To stop the reaction, incubate at 95 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes, Quickly spin at 16, 000 times g for 30 seconds, and transfer the supernatant to a new tube. After cleaning the DNA according to the text protocol, dilute one to ten with water, and use five microliters per reaction to measure the abundance of binding sites by qPCR. Analyze the data according to the text protocol.Aribidopsis leaves are covered in wax layers and trichomes favor the formation of air bubbles, both of which make it difficult for cross-linking reagents to penetrate the plant tissue. Shown here are cross-linked seedling samples that were vacuum cross-linked to increase fixation efficiency. This figure demonstrates that an increased number of sonication cycles progressively reduces the average size of the DNA in chip samples, reaching the optimum enrichment in the range of 200 to 600 base pairs after 20 to 30 cycles, as demonstrated here.As seen in this figure, four regions important for the transcriptional regulation of the FT locus, a master gene of flowering, have been chosen for the analysis. Chip results demonstrate that the EBS protein combined one of the four regions tested, a regulatory sequence close to the transcriptional start site of FT.Finally, chip assays performed using an antibody directed against histone h3 acetylated in lysines nine and 14, which is correlated with transcriptionally active chromatin, revealed higher abundance of H3K9/14ac in mutant DBS versus wild type plants in all four genomic fragments of FT tested, consistent with the observed up-regulation of this master gene of flowering in this mutant. Once mastered, this technique can be done in two days if it is performed properly.Following this procedure, together with other measures like gene expression analysis, can contribute to answering other questions, like:What is the biological role of the binding of the protein to DNA? Is it at transcriptional activation or repression? And Which histone modifications are associated?After it's development, this technique paved the way for researchers in the field of plant epigenetics to explore chromatin states in our reductive cells. And this can be extended to other plant species. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to analyse the binding of your aribidopsis protein of interest to DNA in vivo.Don't forget that working with 2-methoxyethanol, formaldehyde or sonicator reagents, pathogens and stem mutations can be extremely hazardous, and precautions such as protective clothes, gloves or hearing protection should be always taken while using this procedure.

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

인간 배아 줄기 세포에서 염색질의 Immunoprecipitation

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are ...

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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to Assay Dynamic Histone Modification in Activated Gene Expression in Human Cells

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP to Assay Dynamic Histone Modification in Activated Gene Expression in Human Cells

인간의 세포에서 활성 유전자 발현의 어세 동적 히스톤 수정을 염색질 Immunoprecipitation (칩)

In response to a variety of extracellular ligands, the STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) transcription factors are rapidly recruited ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos

초기 마우스 배아를 사용하는 조직 특정 유전자에 대한 염색질의 Immunoprecipitation 분석

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful tool to identify protein:chromatin interactions that occur in the context of living cells 1-3. This ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) using Drosophila tissue

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP using Drosophila tissue

사용 염색질 Immunoprecipitation (CHIP) Drosophila 조직

Epigenetics remains a rapidly developing field that studies how the chromatin state contributes to differential gene expression in distinct cell types at ...

A Protocol for the Identification of Protein-protein Interactions Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling, Immunoprecipitation, Quantitative Mass Spectrometry and Affinity Modulation

A Protocol for the Identification of Protein-protein Interactions Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling, Immunoprecipitation, Quantitative Mass Spectrometry and Affinity Modulation

을 바탕으로 단백질 - 단백질 상호 작용의 확인에 프로토콜<sup&gt; 15</sup&gt; N 신진 대사 라벨링, Immunoprecipitation, 수량 질량 분석법 및 선호도 변조

Protein-protein interactions are fundamental for many biological processes in the cell. Therefore, their characterization plays an important role in ...

Efficient Chromatin Immunoprecipitation using Limiting Amounts of Biomass

바이오 매스의 제한 금액을 사용하여 효율적으로 염색질 immunoprecipitation의

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a  widely-used method for determining the interactions of different proteins with  DNA in chromatin of living ...

Combining Single-molecule Manipulation and Imaging for the Study of Protein-DNA Interactions

단백질-DNA 상호 작용의 연구에 대한 단일 분자 조작 및 이미지를 결합

The paper describes the combination of optical tweezers and single molecule fluorescence detection for the study of protein-DNA interaction. The method ...