Name: a novel strategy combining array-cgh, whole-exome sequencing and in utero electroporation in rodents to identify causative genes for brain malformations
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Dr. G. McGillivray, teşekkür ederim PR J. Clayton-Smith, halkla ilişkiler dahil Dobyns, halkla ilişkiler P. STRIANO, yani PR Scheffer, halkla ilişkiler S.P. Roberston ve PR S.F. MCD hastalar sağlamak için Berkovic. Biz Dr F. Michel ve ö. Mei teknik tavsiye ve yardım için teşekkür ederiz. Bu eser yedi Çerçeve Programı AB, fon tarafından desteklenmiştir arzu projesi, sözleşme numarası: Sağlık-F2-602531-2013, (için V.C., RG, A.R., AF ve C.C.), (için A.R. ve C.C.) INSERM, Fondation Jérôme Lejeune (A.F, E.P.P ve C.C R13083AA) ve Région Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur (APO2014 - CC ve A.A.D yazısı). D.A.K bir EMBO genç araştırmacı ve tarafından desteklenen FWF verir (I914 ve P24367).

Etik beyanı: Wistar fareler çiftleş, muhafaza ve Fransızca ve Avrupa Birliği mevzuatı ile anlaşma INMED hayvan tesislerinde kullanılan.
1. DNA ekstraksiyon ve miktar dizi-CGH ve WES için
<ol><li>Genomik DNA (gDNA) insan kanı lökosit otomatik bir DNA izolasyon robot veya üreticinin protokolüne göre piyasada bulunan el ile DNA ekstraksiyon Kitleri kullanarak hastaların ayıklamak. Tüm örnekleri bir Spektrofotometre kullanarak ölçmek.</li>
</ol>2. dizi-C...

<ol>
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W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutations+in+filamin+1+prevent+migration+of+cerebral+cortical+neurons+in+human+periventricular+heterotopia.">Mutations in filamin 1 prevent migration of cerebral cortical neurons in human periventricular heterotopia.</a> Neuron. 21 (6), 1315-1325 (1998).</li><li>Sheen, V. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutations+in+ARFGEF2+implicate+vesicle+trafficking+in+neural+progenitor+proliferation+and+migration+in+the+human+cerebral+cortex.">Mutations in ARFGEF2 implicate vesicle trafficking in neural progenitor proliferation and migration in the human cerebral cortex.</a> Nat Genet. 36 (1), 69-76 (2004).</li><li>Cappello, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutations+in+genes+encoding+the+cadherin+receptor-ligand+pair+DCHS1+and+FAT4+disrupt+cerebral+cortical+development.">Mutations in genes encoding the cadherin receptor-ligand pair DCHS1 and FAT4 disrupt cerebral cortical development.</a> Nat Genet. 45 (11), 1300-1308 (2013).</li><li>Moro, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Periventricular+heterotopia+in+fragile+X+syndrome.">Periventricular heterotopia in fragile X syndrome.</a> Neurology. 67 (4), 713-715 (2006).</li><li>Ferland, R. J., Gaitanis, J. N., Apse, K., Tantravahi, U., Walsh, C. A., Sheen, V. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Periventricular+nodular+heterotopia+and+Williams+syndrome.">Periventricular nodular heterotopia and Williams syndrome.</a> Am J Med Genet A. 140 (12), 1305-1311 (2006).</li><li>van Kogelenberg, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Periventricular+heterotopia+in+common+microdeletion+syndromes.">Periventricular heterotopia in common microdeletion syndromes.</a> Mol Syndromol. 1 (1), 35-41 (2010).</li><li>Sheen, V. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Periventricular+heterotopia+associated+with+chromosome+5p+anomalies.">Periventricular heterotopia associated with chromosome 5p anomalies.</a> Neurology. 60 (6), 1033-1036 (2003).</li><li>Neal, J., Apse, K., Sahin, M., Walsh, C. A., Sheen, V. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deletion+of+chromosome+1p36+is+associated+with+periventricular+nodular+heterotopia.">Deletion of chromosome 1p36 is associated with periventricular nodular heterotopia.</a> Am J Med Genet A. 140 (15), 1692-1695 (2006).</li><li>Cardoso, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Periventricular+heterotopia,+mental+retardation,+and+epilepsy+associated+with+5q14.3-q15+deletion.">Periventricular heterotopia, mental retardation, and epilepsy associated with 5q14.3-q15 deletion.</a> Neurology. 72 (9), 784-792 (2009).</li><li>Cellini, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Periventricular+heterotopia+with+white+matter+abnormalities+associated+with+6p25+deletion.">Periventricular heterotopia with white matter abnormalities associated with 6p25 deletion.</a> Am J Med Genet A. 158 (7), 1793-1797 (2006).</li><li>Bertini, V., De Vito, G., Costa, R., Simi, P., Valetto, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolated+6q+terminal+deletions:+an+emerging+new+syndrome.">Isolated 6q terminal deletions: an emerging new syndrome.</a> Am J Med Genet A. 140 (1), 74-81 (2006).</li><li>Dobyns, W. 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L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Etiological+heterogeneity+of+familial+periventricular+heterotopia+and+hydrocephalus.">Etiological heterogeneity of familial periventricular heterotopia and hydrocephalus.</a> Brain Dev. 26 (5), 326-334 (2004).</li><li>Jaglin, X. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutations+in+the+beta-tubulin+gene+TUBB2B+result+in+asymmetrical+polymicrogyria.">Mutations in the beta-tubulin gene TUBB2B result in asymmetrical polymicrogyria.</a> Nat. Genet. 41 (6), 746-752 (2009).</li><li>Falace, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TBC1D24+regulates+neuronal+migration+and+maturation+through+modulation+of+the+ARF6-dependent+pathway.">TBC1D24 regulates neuronal migration and maturation through modulation of the ARF6-dependent pathway.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111 (6), 2337-2342 (2014).</li><li>Lunter, G., Goodson, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stampy:+a+statistical+algorithm+for+sensitive+and+fast+mapping+of+Illumina+sequence+reads.">Stampy: a statistical algorithm for sensitive and fast mapping of Illumina sequence reads.</a> Genome Res. 21 (6), 936-939 (2011).</li><li>Pagnamenta, A. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exome+sequencing+can+detect+pathogenic+mosaic+mutations+present+at+low+allele+frequencies.">Exome sequencing can detect pathogenic mosaic mutations present at low allele frequencies.</a> J Hum Genet. 57 (1), 70-72 (2012).</li><li>Yu, J. Y., DeRuiter, S. L., Turner, D. 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MCD'ler Fikri Engellilik ve ilaca dirençli çocukluk epilepsi1,%220-40 oranında hesaba önemli nedenleri. MCD'ler ilgi önemli ölçüde iki önemli faktörler sonucunda son on yıl içinde artmıştır. İlk gelişmedir (özellikle MRG) görüntüleme beyinde sağlayan doktorlar ve bilim adamları daha önce tanınmayan birçok beyin malformasyonlar görselleştirmek. Diğer birçok roman MCD sorumlu genlerin tanımlaması sağladı genetik araçları evrimidi...

Serebral korteks bilişsel ve entelektüel işlemlerinde önemli bir rol oynar ve duygusal kontrolü yanı sıra öğrenme ve hafıza ilgilenmektedir. Bu nedenle birçok nörolojik ve psikiyatrik hastalıklar kortikal geliştirme (MCD) Ekstremite Malformasyonlari neden şaşırtıcı değil. MCD etyolojisinde alınan her ikisi de beri karmaşıktır ve genetik faktörler söz konusu. MCD genetik olarak belirlenen oranda toplu yaygınlığı yaklaşık % 2 ve çoğu durumda tek tük. Örneğin, konjenital beyin dysgenesis insidansı insan nüfusunun % 1 daha yüksek olarak tahmin edildi ve bazı türlerinin MCD epilepsi olan tüm hastalarda % 14'den fazla ve ciddi veya dirençli epilepsi1, % 40 oranında gözlenir 2.
Periventriküler Nodüler Heterotopya (PNH) en yaygın MCD'ler biridir ve sinir hücreleri anormal geçiş tarafından gelişmekte olan serebral korteks ventrikül bölgesinden (VZ) neden olur. Kümeleri sonuçlarında heterotopik nöronların genellikle manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) kullanarak görüntülenir lateral ventriküllerin duvarları boyunca göç nöronların hatası. Klinik, anatomik ve görüntüleme PNH heterojen bulunuyor. Nodüller küçük ve tek taraflı bilateral ve simetrik aralığı. Ortak klinik sekeller epilepsi ve fikri Engelli3içerir. Xq28 haritalar, Filamin A (veya FLNA) gen mutasyonlar ikili PNH X'e aileleriyle % 100 ve % 26 sporadik hastalar3,4bulundu. 20q13 haritalar, ARFGEF2 gen mutasyonlar neden PNH nadir, resesif şeklinde iki düşündürmekteyse aileler5' te bildirilmiştir. Son zamanlarda, biallelic Reseptör-ligand cadherin çift DCHS1 ve FAT4 kodlama genlerdeki mutasyonlar PNH6içerir bir multisystemic bozukluğu tarafından etkilenen dokuz hastalarda tespit edilmiştir. PNH Ayrıca ile ilişkili kırılgan X Sendromu7, Williams Sendromu8, 22q11 microdeletion Sendromu9, 5 p 1510mükerrer, 1 p 3611, 5q14.3-S1512, 6 p 2513 silme ve ek sorumlu genlerin dağılmış düşündüren 6q terminal silme Sendromu14,15,16,17,18,19, genom. Ancak, sporadik PNH hastaların yaklaşık % 74'genetik temeli aydınlatılmamıştır17gerekmektedir.
Dizi Karşılaştırmalı genomik hibridizasyon (dizi-CGH) kanıtlanmış gibi Ancak, alt mikroskobik kromozom anormallikleri, bu yaklaşımı kullanarak tanımlanan genomik bölgelerin tespiti için güçlü araçlardır olmak klasik gen eşleme yaklaşımlar genellikle büyük ve çok sayıda gen içerir.
Büyük paralel sıralama teknikleri (Yani bütün Exome sıralama (WES) ve bütün-genom sıralama (WGS)) gelişiyle maliyeti ve tüm insan exome veya genom sıralamak için gereken süreyi önemli ölçüde azalttı. Yine de, WES ve WGS veri yorumlanması için veri süzme gelen her hastaya onlarca, yüzlerce (veya hatta binlerce çözümleme türüne bağlı olarak,) türevleri ortaya beri çoğu durumda, zorlu kalır.
Roman MCD sorumlu genlerin, dizi-CGH birleştiren bir roman sistematik Strateji belirleme işlemini hızlandırmak için aday genler WES ve rahim içinde elektroporasyon (orijinal) tarama tasarlanmıştır. EKOSEM seçime bağlı olarak devre dışı bırakın (veya overexpress) belirli genler veya mutasyonlar kemirgen beynindeki corticogenesis18,19onların katılımı hızlı değerlendirilmesi etkinleştirme sağlar. RNAi aracılı nakavt veya overexpression bir veya daha fazla aday gen gen hastalığı geliştirme, nöronal göç ve/veya olgunlaşma yerelleştirilmiş kusurları ile ilişkili olduğunda neden beklenir. Kimin inactivation (veya overexpression) Rodents hastalarda gözlenen fenotip üretir bir gen kimlik, bu MCD sporadik hastalarda tarama için olağanüstü bir aday haline gelir. Bu yaklaşımı kullanarak, biz son zamanlarda C6orf70 gen (olarak da bilinen ERMARD) çok önemli katkı 6q27 kromozom silme işlemleri16barındırmaktan hastalarda PNH patogenezinde ortaya koydu.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr >
			<td >Picospritzer III</td>
			<td >Parker Hannifin Corp</td>
			<td >P/N 051-0500-900</td>
			<td >Intracellular Microinjection Dispense Systems</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Fast Green FCF</td>
			<td >Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td >F7252</td>
			<td>Fast green allow visual monitoring of the injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >BTX ECM 830 electroporator</td>
			<td >BTX Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td >45-0002</td>
			<td>The ECM 830 is a Square Wave Pulse generator designed for in vitro and in vivo applications</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Microtome HM 650 V</td>
			<td >Microm</td>
			<td>10076838</td>
			<td>Microtome HM 650 V vibratome 240V 50/60Hz with vibrating blade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >FluoView 300</td>
			<td >Olympus</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>The Olympus FluoViewTM 300 is a point-scanning, point-detection, confocal laser scanning microscope designed for biology research application</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >eCELLence software</td>
			<td >Glance Vision Technologies</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>eCELLence is software designed for the quantitive analysis of cell migration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Agilent Microarray Scanner Bundle</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>Array slides</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >for 1 x 244K, 2 x 105K, 4 x 44K or 8 x 15K</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >Agilent p/n G4900DA, G2565CA or G2565BA</td>
			<td ></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >for 1 x 1M, 2 x 400K, 4 x 180K or 8 x 60K</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >Agilent p/n G4900DA or G2565CA</td>
			<td ></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Hybridization Chamber, stainless</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td>Agilent p/n G2534A</td>
			<td>Chamber for array CGH hybridization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Hybridization Chamber gasket slides, 5-pack</td>
			<td></td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>Gasket for array CGH hybridization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >for 1-pack microarrays or</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >Agilent p/n G2534-60003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >for 2-pack microarrays or</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >Agilent p/n G2534-60002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >for 4-pack microarrays or</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >Agilent p/n G2534-60011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >for 8-pack microarrays</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >Agilent p/n G2534-60014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Hybridization oven</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >Agilent p/n G2545A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Hybridization oven rotator for Agilent Microarray Hybridization Chambers</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >Agilent p/n G2530-60029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Thermal cycler with heated lid</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >Agilent p/n G8800A or equivalent</td>
			<td>Termal cycler for incubations</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >1.5 mL RNase-free Microfuge Tube</td>
			<td >Ambion</td>
			<td >p/n AM12400 or equivalent</td>
			<td>Microcentrifuge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Magnetic stir bar</td>
			<td >Corning</td>
			<td >p/n 401435 or equivalent</td>
			<td>Instrument for stirring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Qubit Fluorometer</td>
			<td >Life Technologies</td>
			<td >p/n Q32857</td>
			<td>Instrument for DNA quantification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Qubit dsDNA BR Assay Kit, for use with the Qubit fluorometer</td>
			<td >Invitrogen</td>
			<td >p/n Q32850</td>
			<td>Kit for Qubit fluorometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >UV-VIS spectrophotometer</td>
			<td >Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td >NanoDrop 8000 or 2000, or equivalent</td>
			<td>Instrument for DNA quantification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >P10, P20, P200 and P1000 pipettes</td>
			<td >Pipetman or equivalent</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>DNA dispensation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Vacuum Concentrator</td>
			<td >Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td >p/n DNA120-115 or 
			equivalent</td>
			<td>Instrument to concentrate DNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >SureTag Complete DNA Labeling Kit</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n 5190-4240</td>
			<td>DNA Labeling Kit (for Human Samples)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Purification Columns (50 units)</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n 5190-3391</td>
			<td>DNA Labeling Kit (for Human Samples)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >AutoScreen A, 96-well plates</td>
			<td >GE Healthcare</td>
			<td >p/n 25-9005-98</td>
			<td>DNA Labeling Kit (for Human Samples)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >GenElute PCR Clean-Up Kit</td>
			<td >Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td >p/n NA1020</td>
			<td>DNA Labeling Kit (for Human Samples)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Human Genomic DNA</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td >p/n G1521</td>
			<td>DNA Labeling Kit (for Human Samples)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >For CGH microarrays:</td>
			<td >Promega</td>
			<td >(female) or p/n G1471 (male)</td>
			<td>Array CGH control DNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >For CGH+SNP microarrays:</td>
			<td >Coriell</td>
			<td >p/n NA18507, NA18517, NA12891, NA12878, or NA18579</td>
			<td>Array CGH control DNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Oligo aCGH/ChIP-on-chip Wash Buffer Kit or</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n 5188-5226</td>
			<td>Array CGH hybridization and wash</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Oligo aCGH/ChIP-on-chip Wash Buffer 1 and</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n 5188-5221</td>
			<td>Array CGH hybridization and wash</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Oligo aCGH/ChIP-on-chip Wash Buffer 2</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n 5188-5222</td>
			<td>Array CGH hybridization and wash</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Stabilization and Drying Solution</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n 5185-5979</td>
			<td>Array CGH hybridization and wash</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Oligo aCGH/ChIP-on-chip Hybridization Kit</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n 5188-5220 (25) or p/n 5188-5380 (100)</td>
			<td>Array CGH hybridization and wash</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Human Cot-1 DNA</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n 5190-3393</td>
			<td>Array CGH hybridization and wash</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Agilent C scanner</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>Scanner for array CGH slides</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >SureSelect XT2 Reagent Kit</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>Kit for target enrichment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >HiSeq platform (HSQ), 16 Samples</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n G9621A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >HiSeq platform (HSQ), 96 Samples</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n G9621B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >HiSeq platform (HSQ), 480 Samples</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n G9621C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MiSeq platform (MSQ), 16 Samples</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n G9622A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MiSeq platform (MSQ), 96 Samples</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n G9622B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MiSeq platform (MSQ), 480 Samples</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n G9622C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >DNA 1000 Kit</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n 5067-1504</td>
			<td>Kit for the separation, sizing and quantification of dsDNA fragments from 25 to 1000 bp.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >High Sensitivity DNA Kit</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n 5067-4626</td>
			<td>Kit for analysis of fragmented DNA or DNA libraries.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >AMPure XP Kit</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>Kit for automated PCR purification.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >5 mL</td>
			<td >Agencourt</td>
			<td >p/n A63880</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >60 mL</td>
			<td >Agencourt</td>
			<td >p/n A63881</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >450 mL</td>
			<td >Agencourt</td>
			<td >p/n A63882</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Dynabeads MyOne Streptavidin T1</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>Isolation and handling of biotinylated nucleic acids</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >2 mL</td>
			<td >Life Technologies</td>
			<td >Cat #65601</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >10 mL</td>
			<td >Life Technologies</td>
			<td >Cat #65602</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Quant-iT dsDNA BR Assay Kit, for the Qubit fluorometer</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>DNA quantification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >100 assays, 2-1000 ng</td>
			<td >Life Technologies</td>
			<td >Cat #Q32850</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >500 assays, 2-1000 ng</td>
			<td >Life Technologies</td>
			<td >Cat #Q32853</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Qubit assay tubes</td>
			<td >Life Technologies</td>
			<td >p/n Q32856</td>
			<td>DNA quantification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >SureSelec tXT2 Capture Libraries</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >depending on the experiment</td>
			<td>Kit for libraries capture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >SureCycler 8800 Thermal Cycler</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n G8800A</td>
			<td>DNA amplification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >96 well plate module for SureCycler 8800 Thermal Cycler</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n G8810A</td>
			<td>DNA amplification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >SureCycler 8800-compatible 96-well plates</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n 410088</td>
			<td>DNA amplification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Optical strip caps</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n 401425</td>
			<td>DNA amplification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Tube cap strips, domed</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n 410096</td>
			<td>DNA amplification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Compression mats</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n 410187</td>
			<td>DNA amplification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >2100 Bioanalyzer Laptop Bundle</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n G2943CA</td>
			<td>DNA amplification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >2100 Bioanalyzer Electrophoresis Set</td>
			<td >Agilent</td>
			<td >p/n G2947CA</td>
			<td>DNA amplification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Covaris Sample Preparation System, E-series or S-series</td>
			<td >Covaris</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>DNA shearing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Covaris sample holders</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td >p/n 520078</td>
			<td>DNA shearing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Nutator plate mixer</td>
			<td >BD Diagnostics</td>
			<td >p/n 421105 or equivalent</td>
			<td>Plate Mixer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >GaIIx</td>
			<td >Illumina</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>next generation sequencing machine</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a novel strategy combining array-cgh, whole-exome sequencing and in utero electroporation in rodents to identify causative genes for brain malformations

Serebral korteks dahil doğum kusurları — kortikal geliştirme (MCD) olarak da bilinen Ekstremite Malformasyonlari — önemli Fikri Engellilik ve ilaca dirençli epilepsi % 20-40 için Çocukluk nedenleri. Yüksek çözünürlüklü beyin görüntüleme MCD fenotipleri büyük bir grup tanımlaması içinde vivo kolaylaştırdı. Beyin görüntüleme, genomik analiz ve hayvan modellerin üretimi gelişmeler rağmen sistematik olarak aday genler öncelik ve sözde mutasyonlar fonksiyonel etkilerini sınamak için basit bir iş akışı yok. Bu sorunu çözmek için kimliği roman sorumlu genlerin MCD etkinleştirme deneysel bir strateji geliştirdi doğrulanmış ve. Bu strateji tanımlayıcı aday genomik bölgeler veya genlerin yolu ile dizi-CGH ya da bütün exome sıralama ve onların inactivation veya overexpression içinde utero üzerinden kemirgen beyin geliştirme belirli mutasyonların etkileri karakterize dayanır elektroporasyon. Bu yaklaşım bir sözde veziküler protein, periventriküler Nodüler Heterotopya, arızalı nöronal göç neden bir MCD patogenezinde için kodlama C6orf70 gen tanımlaması yol açtı.

Roman MCD sorumlu genlerin tanımlamak için tasarlanmış deneysel strateji şekil 1' de recapitulated.
Degisken PNH (şekil 2A), corpus callosum dysgenesis, colpocephaly, serebellar hipoplazi ve epilepsi ile ilişkili polymicrogyria birleştirerek gelişimsel beyin anomalileri ile 155 hastalar kohort içinde dizi-CGH gerçekleştirerek ataksi ve kognitif bozukluk, 1.2 Mb en az kritik silme 12 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Novel Strategy Combining Array-CGH, Whole-exome Sequencing and In Utero Electroporation in Rodents to Identify Causative Genes for Brain Malformations at Jo

A Novel Strategy Combining Array-CGH, Whole-exome Sequencing and In Utero Electroporation in Rodents to Identify Causative Genes for Brain Malformations

Periventriküler Nodüler Heterotopya (PNH) malformasyonu kortikal gelişim (MCD) en sık görülen yetişkinlikte ama genetik temeli en dağınık durumda bilinmeyen kalır. Biz son zamanlarda roman aday genler MCD'ler için tanımlamak için ve doğrudan kendi etken rol içinde vivoonaylamak için bir strateji geliştirdik.

Dizi-CGH, Bütün exome sıralama ve rahim içinde elektroporasyon Rodents beyin malformasyonlar için sorumlu genlerin tanımlamak için birleştirerek yeni bir strateji

Birth defects that involve the cerebral cortex &#8212; also known as malformations of cortical development (MCD) &#8212; are important causes of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

A Novel Strategy Combining Array-CGH, Whole-exome Sequencing and In Utero Electroporation in Rodents to Identify Causative Genes for Brain Malformations

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

Davranış Endokrinoloji ve Deneysel İktisat birleştiren: Testosteron ve Sosyal Karar Verme

Behavioral endocrinological research in humans as well as in animals suggests that testosterone plays a key role in social interactions. Studies in ...

In utero Electroporation followed by Primary Neuronal Culture for Studying Gene Function in Subset of Cortical Neurons

In utero Electroporation followed by Primary Neuronal Culture for Studying Gene Function in Subset of Cortical Neurons

In utero Elektroporasyon Kortikal nöronlar Altküme Gen Fonksiyonu Öğrenmenin İlköğretim Nöronal Kültür takip

In vitro study of primary neuronal cultures allows for quantitative analyses of neurite outgrowth. In order to study how genetic alterations affect ...

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

Varsayılan Modu Ağ inceleyin Transkraniyal Manyetik Uyarım ve fMRI birleştiren

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful ...

Efficient Gene Delivery into Multiple CNS Territories Using In Utero Electroporation

Efficient Gene Delivery into Multiple CNS Territories Using In Utero Electroporation

Verimli kullanarak birden çok CNS Topraklar&#39;da Gen Teslimat In Utero Elektroporasyon

The ability to manipulate gene expression is the cornerstone of modern day experimental embryology, leading to the elucidation of multiple developmental ...

Mouse in Utero Electroporation: Controlled Spatiotemporal Gene Transfection

Mouse in Utero Electroporation: Controlled Spatiotemporal Gene Transfection

Fare Utero Elektroporasyon: Kontrollü Spatiotemporal Gen Transfeksiyon

In order to understand the function of genes expressed in specific region of the developing brain, including signaling molecules and axon guidance ...

Visualization and Genetic Manipulation of Dendrites and Spines in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus using In utero Electroporation

Visualization and Genetic Manipulation of Dendrites and Spines in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus using In utero Electroporation

Kullanarak Fare Serebral Korteks ve Hippocampus Görselleştirme ve Dendritler ve Spine Genetik Manipülasyon<em&gt; Utero olarak</em&gt; Elektroporasyon

In utero electroporation (IUE) has become a powerful technique to study the development of different regions of the embryonic nervous system 1-5. To date ...

Generation of Topically Transgenic Rats by In utero Electroporation and In vivo Bioluminescence Screening

Generation of Topically Transgenic Rats by In utero Electroporation and In vivo Bioluminescence Screening

Topikal Transgenik Rats nesil tarafından<em&gt; Utero</em&gt; Elektroporasyon ve<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Biyoparlaklık Eleme

 In utero electroporation (IUE) is a technique which allows genetic modification of cells in the brain for investigating neuronal development. So far, the ...

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

Kemirgenler Eşzamanlı fMRI ile derin beyin stimülasyonu

In order to visualize the global and downstream neuronal responses to deep brain stimulation (DBS) at various targets, we have developed a protocol for ...

Combining Double Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with Immunolabelling for Detection of the Expression of Three Genes in Mouse Brain Sections

Combining Double Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with Immunolabelling for Detection of the Expression of Three Genes in Mouse Brain Sections

Çift Floresan birleştiren<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Fare Beyin Bölüm Üç Genlerin İfade tespiti için immünoişaretleme ile Hibridizasyon

Detection of gene expression in different types of brain cells e.g., neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursors and microglia, can ...

In Utero Electroporation Approaches to Study the Excitability of Neuronal Subpopulations and Single-cell Connectivity

In Utero Electroporation Approaches to Study the Excitability of Neuronal Subpopulations and Single-cell Connectivity

Rahimde Elektroporasyon Nöronal alt popülasyonlar heyecanlanma ve Tek hücreli Bağlantı Eğitim Yaklaşımları

The nervous system is composed of an enormous range of distinct neuronal types. These neuronal subpopulations are characterized by, among other features, ...