Name: electroactive polymer nanoparticles exhibiting photothermal properties
Uploaded: 2016-01-08T14:00:01
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties at JoVE.com

Dit werk werd deels gefinancierd door de Texas Emerging Technology Fund (Startup TB), de Texas State University Research Enhancement Program, de Texas State University Doctoral Research Fellowship (TC), de NSF Partnerschap voor Onderzoek en Onderwijs in Materials (PREM, DMR-1205670), De Welch Foundation (AI-0045), en de National Institutes of Health (R01CA032132).

Let op: Gelieve alle relevante veiligheidsinformatiebladen (VIB) te raadplegen voor gebruik. Verschillende reagentia die in deze syntheses zijn potentieel gevaarlijk. Gelieve alle nodige veiligheidsvoorschriften met inbegrip van persoonlijke beschermingsmiddelen (veiligheidsbril, handschoenen, laboratoriumjas, lange broek en dichte schoenen) en syntheses uitvoeren zuurkasten. Lithiëring is bijzonder gevaarlijk en mag alleen worden uitgevoerd door goed opgeleide personen met toezicht. 1. Monom...

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In dit werk hebben elektroactieve polymeer NP gesynthetiseerd als potentiële PTT middelen voor de behandeling van kanker. De bereiding van de NP wordt, uitgaande van de synthese van de monomeren gevolgd door emulsiepolymerisatie. Hoewel de bereiding van NPs gebruik electro polymeren zoals eDOT en pyrrool eerder is beschreven, dit document beschrijft de bereiding van polymere NP ab unieke uitgebreide conjugatie monomeren, waaruit blijkt dat dit proces kan worden uitgebreid naar grotere, complexere monomeren. <p clas...

Elektro-actieve polymeren veranderen van eigenschappen (kleur, geleidbaarheid, reactiviteit, volume, etc.) in aanwezigheid van een elektrisch veld. De snelle schakeltijden, tunability, duurzaamheid en lichtgewicht kenmerken van de elektro-polymeren hebben geleid tot vele voorgestelde toepassingen, waaronder alternatieve energie, sensoren, electrochroom en biomedische apparaten. Elektroactieve polymeren zijn potentieel bruikbaar als flexibel, lichtgewicht accu en condensatorelektroden. 1 Toepassingen van elektroactieve polymeren in elektrochrome apparaten zijn schittering-reductie systemen voor gebouwen en auto&#39;s, zonnebrillen, beschermende brillen, optische opslag apparaten en smart textiles. 2-5 Smart vensters kunnen eisen energie te verminderen door het blokkeren van specifieke golflengten van licht on-demand en het beschermen van interieurs van huizen en auto&#39;s. Smart textiel kan worden gebruikt in kleding ter bescherming tegen UV-straling. 6 elektroactieve polymeren also begonnen was gebruikt in medische apparatuur. Onder elektroactieve polymeren toegepast in biomedische inrichtingen, polypyrrool (PPy), polyaniline (PANI) en poly (3,4-ethyleendioxythiofeen) (PEDOT) behoren tot de meest voorkomende. Zo worden deze typen polymeren gewoonlijk als transducers in biosensor inrichtingen 7 Applicaties en therapeutische aflevering ook aangetoond te.; studies hebben de afgifte van geneesmiddelen en therapeutische eiwitten Meer onlangs aangetoond van inrichtingen bereid uit elektro-actieve polymeren. 8-12, zijn elektro polymeren toegepast als therapeutische middelen bij fotothermische therapie. 13-15 In fotothermische therapie moet fotothermische agents licht absorberen in de buurt -infrarood (NIR) gebied (~ 700-900 nm), ook bekend als het therapeutische venster licht heeft de maximale penetratiediepte in weefsel, typisch tot 1 cm. 16,17 In dit bereik, biologische chromoforen zoals hemoglobine , geoxygeneerde hemoglobine, lipiden en water hebben weinig tot geenabsorptie, die licht in staat stelt om gemakkelijk te dringen. Wanneer fotothermisch agenten licht absorberen in dit therapeutisch venster, wordt de photoenergy omgezet in fotothermische energie. Irvin en co-werkers hebben eerder gemeld alkoxy-gesubstitueerde bis-eDOT benzeen monomeren die werden gesynthetiseerd met behulp Negishi koppeling. 18 Negishi koppeling is een voorkeurswerkwijze voor het vormen koolstof-koolstofbinding. Deze werkwijze heeft vele voordelen, waaronder het gebruik van organozink tussenproducten, die minder toxisch en hebben gewoonlijk hogere reactiviteit dan andere organometaalverbindingen gebruikt. 19,20 organozinkverbindingen zijn ook compatibel met een breed scala aan functionele groepen op de organohalides. 20 In het Negishi koppelingsreactie, een organohalogenide en organometaal gekoppeld door middel van een palladium (0) katalysator. 20 In het werk die hierin wordt deze kruiskoppeling methode toegepast bij de synthese van 1,4-dialkoxy-2,5-bis ( 3,4-ethylenedioxythienyl) benzene (bedot-B (OR) 2) monomeren. Deze monomeren kunnen vervolgens eenvoudig elektrochemisch of chemisch gepolymeriseerd tot polymeren die veelbelovende kandidaten voor gebruik bij biomedische toepassingen opleveren. Gebruikelijke werkwijzen voor de bereiding van colloïdale suspensies in waterige polymere oplossingen voor biomedische toepassingen omvatten typisch het oplossen van bulkpolymeren gevolgd door nanoprecipitation of emulsie-oplosmiddel verdampingstechnieken. 21,22 Om NPs van poly (bedot-B (OR) 2) een bottom-up benadering is hier aangetoond waar de NP worden gesynthetiseerd via de in situ emulsiepolymerisatie. Emulsiepolymerisatie is een proces dat gemakkelijk schaalbaar is en een relatief snelle werkwijze voor de bereiding NP. 22 Studies die gebruik emulsiepolymerisatie NP produceren van andere elektro-polymeren beschreven voor PPy en PEDOT. 15,23,24 PEDOT NP, bijvoorbeeld, zijn opgesteld met behulp van spuiten emulsie polymerization. 24 Deze methode is moeilijk te reproduceren, en levert doorgaans grotere, microscopisch kleine deeltjes. De hier beschreven protocol onderzoekt het gebruik van een drop-sonicatie methode reproduceerbaar bereiden 100-nm polymeer NP. In dit protocol, elektro-actieve polymeren op maat van licht in het NIR gebied vergelijkbaar met eerder gerapporteerde poly absorberen (bedot-B (OR) 2) gesynthetiseerd en gekarakteriseerd om hun potentieel in elektrochrome apparaten en als PTT agenten demonstreren. Eerst wordt het protocol voor de synthese van de monomeren via Negishi koppeling beschreven. De monomeren worden gekarakteriseerd met behulp van NMR en UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopie. De bereiding van colloïdale suspensies NP via oxidatieve emulsiepolymerisatie in waterige media wordt ook beschreven. De procedure is gebaseerd op een twee-stappen emulsiepolymerisatieproces eerder beschreven door Han et al., Dat wordt toegepast op de verschillende monomeren. Een twee-oppervlakteactieve systeem isgebruikt om de NP monodispersiteit regelen. Een cellevensvatbaarheid test wordt gebruikt om cytocompatibility van de NP evalueren. Tenslotte wordt het potentieel van deze NP om als PTT transducers aangetoond door bestraling met NIR laser.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="747">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">2 mm diameter platinum working electrode</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">CH Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CH102</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Polished using very fine sandpaper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">483028</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Purified by vacuum distillation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) 98%</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">L11939</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">505 Sonic Dismembrator</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific&#8482;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FB505110</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">1/8 &#8220; tip and rated at 500 watts</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">808 nm laser diode</td>
			<td>ThorLabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">L808P1WJ</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Rated at 1 W</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Acetonitrile anhydrous 99%</td>
			<td>Acros</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">61022-0010</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Avanti J-26 XPI</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">393127</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Bromohexane 98%</td>
			<td>MP Biomedicals</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">202323</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Dialysis (100,000) MWCO</td>
			<td>SpectrumLabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G235071</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Dimethyl sulfoxide 99% (DMSO)</td>
			<td>BDH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BDH1115</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Dimethylformamide anhydrous (DMF) 99%</td>
			<td>Acros</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">326870010</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Dodecyl benzenesulfonate (DBSA)&#160;</td>
			<td>TCI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D0989</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s modified eagle medium (DMEM)&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10-013 CV</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">EMS 150 TES sputter coater</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Ethanol (EtOH) 100%</td>
			<td>BDH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BDH1156</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">ethyl 4-bromobutyrate (98%)</td>
			<td>Acros</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">173551000</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Ethyl acetate 99%</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">UN1173</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">35-010-CV</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Helios NanoLab 400</td>
			<td>FEI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Hexane</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H306-4</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Hydrochloric acid (HCl)</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A142-212</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Hydroquinone 99.5%</td>
			<td>Acros</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">120915000</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Hydrozine anhydrous 98%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">215155</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Indium tin oxide (ITO) coated galss</td>
			<td>Delta Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CG-41IN-CUV</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">4-8 &#937;/sq</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:291px;">Iron chloride 97% FeCl3</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">157740</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:291px;">Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">593295</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Dried at 100 oC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">SKOV-3</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HTB-26</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Methanol</td>
			<td>BDH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BHD1135</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">n-Butlithium (2.5 M)&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">230707</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Pyrophoric</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">Poly(styrenesulfonate-co-malic acid) (PSS-co-MA) 20,000 MW</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">434566</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:291px;">Potassium carbonate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">209619</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Dried at 100 oC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Potassium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A18854</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Potassium iodide</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P410-100</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">RO-5 stirplate</td>
			<td>IKA-Werke</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">SC4000 IR camera</td>
			<td>FLIR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Synergy H4 Hybrid Reader</td>
			<td>Biotek</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:291px;">Tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) 99%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3579274</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Purified by recrystallization in ethyl acetate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Tetrahydrofuran anhydrous (THF) 99%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">401757</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) 
			palladium(0)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">216666</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Moisture sensitive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Thermomixer</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">USB potentiostat/galvanostat</td>
			<td>WaveNow</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AFTP1</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:291px;">Zetasizer Nano Zs</td>
			<td>Malvern</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Optical Arrangment 175o</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:291px;">Zinc chloride (1 M) ZnCl2</td>
			<td>Acros</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">370057000</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

electroactive polymer nanoparticles exhibiting photothermal properties

A method for the synthesis of electroactive polymers is demonstrated, starting with the synthesis of extended conjugation monomers using a three-step process that finishes with Negishi coupling. Negishi coupling is a cross-coupling process in which a chemical precursor is first lithiated, followed by transmetallation with ZnCl2. The resultant organozinc compound can be coupled to a dibrominated aromatic precursor to give the conjugated monomer. Polymer films can be prepared via electropolymerization of the monomer and characterized using cyclic voltammetry and ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy. Nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared via emulsion polymerization of the monomer using a two-surfactant system to yield an aqueous dispersion of the polymer NPs. The NPs are characterized using dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, and UV-Vis-NIR-spectroscopy. Cytocompatibility of NPs is investigated using the cell viability assay. Finally, the NP suspensions are irradiated with a NIR laser to determine their effectiveness as potential materials for photothermal therapy (PTT).

De reactie protocol waarbij M1 en M2 wordt weergegeven in figuur 1. De monomeren kunnen worden gekarakteriseerd door 1H en 13C NMR spectroscopie, smeltpunt en elementanalyse. Het 1H NMR spectrum geeft informatie over de connectiviteit van atomen en de elektronische omgeving; Aldus wordt routinematig gebruikt om te controleren dat de reacties met succes zijn voltooid. Negishi koppelingsreacties omvatten het koppelen van de...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties at JoVE.com

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

A protocol is presented for the synthesis and preparation of nanoparticles consisting of electroactive polymers.

Elektroactieve Polymer Nanodeeltjes Exposeren Fotothermisch Properties

A method for the synthesis of electroactive polymers is demonstrated, starting with the synthesis of extended conjugation monomers using a three-step ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Micropunching Lithography for Generating Micro- and Submicron-patterns on Polymer Substrates

Micropunching Lithografie voor het genereren van Micro-en Submicron-patronen op polymeersubstraten

Conducting polymers have attracted great attention since the discovery of high conductivity in doped polyacetylene in 19771. They offer the advantages of ...

Optical Trapping of Nanoparticles

Optische overvullen van nanodeeltjes

Optical trapping is a technique for immobilizing and manipulating small objects in a gentle way using light, and it has been widely applied in trapping ...

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes

Voorbereiding en Friction Force Microscopy Metingen van mengbaar, tegengestelde polymeer Borstels

Solvated polymer brushes are well known to lubricate high-pressure contacts, because they can sustain a positive normal load while maintaining low ...

Advanced Compositional Analysis of Nanoparticle-polymer Composites Using Direct Fluorescence Imaging

Uitgebreide analyse van de samenstelling van nanodeeltjes-polymeer Composites Met behulp van Direct Fluorescence Imaging

The fabrication of polymer-nanoparticle composites is extremely important in the development of many functional materials. Identifying the precise ...

Inkjet-printed Polyvinyl Alcohol Multilayers

Inkjet-gedrukte Polyvinyl Alcohol Multilayers

Inkjet printing is a modern method for polymer processing, and in this work, we demonstrate that this technology is capable of producing polyvinyl alcohol ...

Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography

Subsurface Defect Localisatie door Gestructureerde Verwarming Met Laser Geprojecteerde Phot Thermische Thermografie

The presented method is used to locate subsurface defects oriented perpendicularly to the surface. To achieve this, we create destructively interfering ...

Fabrication of Polymer Microspheres for Optical Resonator and Laser Applications

Fabricage van Polymer Microsferen voor Optische Resonator en Laser Applicaties

This paper describes three methods of preparing fluorescent microspheres comprising &#960;-conjugated or non-conjugated polymers: vapor diffusion, ...

Production and Characterization of Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Productie en karakterisering van vacuüm gestort Organic Light Emitting Diodes

A method for producing simple and efficient thermally-activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on guest-host or exciplex ...

Installation Method to Enhance Quality Control for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Spike Anchors

Installatiemethode ter verbetering van de kwaliteitscontrole voor Fiber versterkt polymeer Spike ankers

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) anchors are a promising way to enhance the performance of externally-bonded FRPs applied to existing structures, as they ...

Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

Toepassing van een koppelingsagent om de diëlektrische eigenschappen van op polymeren gebaseerde nanocomposieten te verbeteren

In this work, an easy, low-cost, and widely applicable method was developed to improve the compatibility between the ceramic fillers and the polymer ...