Name: isolation of infiltrating leukocytes from mouse skin using enzymatic digest and gradient separation
Uploaded: 2016-01-25T18:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Infiltrating Leukocytes from Mouse Skin Using Enzymatic Digest and Gradient Separation at JoVE.com

Los Institutos Nacionales de Salud (NIH R15 NS067536-01A1 a DC), la Asociación Nacional de vulvodinia (premio a DC), y Macalester College apoyaron este trabajo. CB recibió una beca del Programa de Beckman estudiosos Macalester College, financiado por la Fundación Mabel Beckman Arnold y. BTF y TM son compatibles con JDRF 2-2011-662. Agradecemos al Dr. Jason Schenkel y el Dr. Juliana Lewis para el asesoramiento técnico, y todos los miembros actuales y anteriores del laboratorio Chatterjea por su ayuda y apoyo.

Nota: los ratones 8-12 semanas de edad Hembra ND4 Swiss Webster, convencionalmente alojados con libre acceso a los alimentos y el agua, fueron utilizados para estos estudios El protocolo experimental utilizado (B13S1) fue aprobado por IACUC de Macalester College.. 1. Sensibilización y Desafío con oxazolona <ol><li> Día 0 <ol><li> Preparar cámara de anestesia mediante la adición de 3 ml de isoflurano a las toallas absorbentes colocados debajo de la malla en la parte inferior de un 4 L frasco de vi...

<ol>
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Sci. 17 (36), (2010).</li><li>Tabatabaei, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+partial+characterization+of+human+amniotic+epithelial+cells:+The+effect+of+trypsin.">Isolation and partial characterization of human amniotic epithelial cells: The effect of trypsin.</a> Avicenna J Med. Biotechnol. 6 (1), 10-20 (2014).</li><li>Autengruber, A., Gereke, M., Hansen, G., Hennig, C., Bruder, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+enzymatic+tissue+disintegration+on+the+level+of+surface+molecule+expression+and+immune+cell+function.">Impact of enzymatic tissue disintegration on the level of surface molecule expression and immune cell function.</a> Eur. J. Microbiol. 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(90), e51803 (2014).</li><li>Martinov, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contact+hypersensitivity+to+oxazolone+provokes+vulvar+mechanical+hyperalgesia+in+mice.">Contact hypersensitivity to oxazolone provokes vulvar mechanical hyperalgesia in mice.</a> PloS one. 8 (10), e78673 (2013).</li><li>Katsares, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Rapid+and+Accurate+Method+for+the+Stem+Cell+Viability+Evaluation:+The+Case+of+the+Thawed+Umbilical+Cord+Blood.">A Rapid and Accurate Method for the Stem Cell Viability Evaluation: The Case of the Thawed Umbilical Cord Blood.</a> Lab. Med. 40 (9), 557-560 (2009).</li><li>Thomas, M. 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La caracterización de los cambios en los leucocitos de la piel-residente en modelos de roedores de enfermedades de la piel tales como dermatitis atópica o psoriasis es importante para la comprensión de las conexiones mecánicas entre la afluencia de células inflamatorias y patología de la enfermedad. Aquí se describe una técnica económica para aislar leucocitos de tejidos de la piel con el equipo básico que se encuentra en la mayoría de los laboratorios de investigación biomédica. Esta relativamente rápida ...

No se encontraron enfermedades de la piel que van desde dermatitis de contacto, eczema, psoriasis, celulitis, infecciones por hongos y abscesos a los cánceres de piel no melanoma de estar entre las 50 enfermedades más prevalentes en todo el mundo, y la cuarta causa mundial de enfermedades no mortales en 2010 1. Por consiguiente, la investigación de los mecanismos moleculares y celulares que subyacen a diversas patologías de la piel es un área necesaria y activa de investigación. Modelos de roedores han sido notablemente útil en la comprensión de las condiciones inflamatorias de la piel tales como dermatitis atópica 2, 3 psoriasis, o infección Staphylococcus aureus 4. Protocolos de bajo costo, eficientes y simples para la digestión enzimática de tejido de la piel del ratón pueden proporcionar preparaciones de células que se pueden utilizar para una variedad de aplicaciones posteriores para entender mejor la fisiopatología de enfermedades de la piel. Aquí, un método sencillo y económico se describe, por digestión enzimática de la piel del ratónel tejido de la piel y el aislamiento de leucocitos infiltrantes que puede ser utilizado para el cultivo celular, la transferencia adoptiva in vivo, análisis citométrico de flujo y clasificación o estudios de expresión génica. El objetivo general de este procedimiento consiste en preparar una suspensión de células de leucocitos infiltrantes de piel con la viabilidad celular alta y reducir al mínimo los costos normalmente asociados con kits de reactivos de encargo y disociadores mecánicos. Métodos de disociación del tejido de la piel existentes 5-7 pueden resultar en una baja viabilidad celular y la superficie de la integridad marcador, o requerir kits enzimáticos personalizados y costosas máquinas de disociación de tejidos 8-11. Mientras que la digestión de los tejidos de la piel de oreja de ratón es razonablemente frecuente 12-13 de la digestión de tejidos de la piel altamente queratinizado (por ejemplo, desde el flanco) puede resultar en preparaciones de células contaminadas con grandes cantidades de escombros no celular. En un estudio reciente, Zaid y colegas digeridos ratón piel flanco durante 90 minutos en 2,5 mg / ml de dispasa, Folloconducido por 45 min en 3 mg / ml de colagenasa 7. En otro estudio, estos investigadores utilizaron múltiples incubaciones con una digestión combinada de 2,5 hr, incluyendo el uso de tripsina / EDTA, colagenasa III, y dispasa 5. No se recomienda el uso de tripsina durante la digestión enzimática de la piel, como se ha demostrado que el tratamiento con tripsina de diferentes fabricantes para afectar apreciablemente la integridad de las proteínas de la superficie celular en células de mamífero 14-15. Además, dispasa puede tener efectos significativos sobre las capacidades proliferativas de células CD4 y CD8a T y afectar a la abundancia de superficie de al menos 20 moléculas, incluyendo T común marcadores de activación celular, tales como CD62L 16. Otros protocolos utilizan RPMI 1640 en el medio de la digestión 6. Sin embargo, la presencia de Mg2 + y Ca2 + en medio RPMI puede causar la agregación extensa celular 17. Un protocolo ideal para la disociación del tejido debe aspirar a la viabilidad celular alta, bajaniveles de agregación celular, y un daño mínimo a proteínas de la superficie celular. Preparaciones de células del estroma de los ganglios linfáticos de alta calidad se han cumplido con los protocolos que utilizan incubaciones enzimáticas más cortos, Ca 2+ y Mg 2+ medios de comunicación libres, y evitar la tripsina y Dispasa 18. Sin embargo, los protocolos de este tipo no se han establecido para la disociación de la piel entera de ratón. Aquí, un protocolo se describe a disociar, aislar y enriquecer los leucocitos infiltrantes de la piel de la piel del flanco del ratón alergeno-desafió. Brevemente, piel extirpada se pre-incubó en solución salina equilibrada de Hank (HBSS) con suero bovino fetal al 10% durante 1 hora para suavizar el tejido para la digestión y eliminar cualquier exceso de piel o tejido graso muerto. Esto es seguido por una etapa de digestión enzimática 30 min con 0,7 mg / ml de colagenasa D. colagenasa D tiene efectos mínimos sobre la densidad de marcadores de superficie celular, y ningún efecto sobre la proliferación de células T in vitro 16,18, por lo que esmuy adecuado para aplicaciones que implican la caracterización de proteínas de la superficie. Después de la digestión enzimática, se utilizó centrifugación en gradiente de densidad discontinuo para eliminar las células epiteliales y los restos de la suspensión de una sola célula y enriquecer para las células hematopoyéticas. Es importante destacar que este procedimiento evita costosos reactivos separación celular magnética basada en la columna de disociación y máquinas de tejido 8-11, y se puede realizar con el equipo y los materiales encontrados en un laboratorio de investigación básica biomédica. Aquí se utiliza este protocolo para aislar los leucocitos de la piel flanco desafiado tres veces con la oxazolona hapteno (buey) en ratones ND4 suizos previamente sensibilizados (adaptado de 19). Las células se analizaron mediante citometría de flujo multiparamétrica. Esta técnica produjo una suspensión de células con los desechos mínimo y&gt; 95% de viabilidad de los linfocitos aislados que fueron analizados por el flujo multi-paramétrico citometría para medir la infiltración de linfocitos y neutrófilos T en el sk afectadaen.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1213">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:457px;">HBSS with phenol red, without calcium, without magnesium, liquid</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">55021C</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Keep sterile until day of usage.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">HEPES, &#8805;99.5% (titration)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">H3375</td>
			<td style="width:396px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:457px;">EDTA disodium salt solution</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">E7889</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Keep sterile until day of usage.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:457px;">Fetal Bovine Serum, USDA, Heat Inactivated, Premium Select</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">MidSci</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">S01520HI</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Keep sterile until day of usage.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:457px;">Percoll, pH 8.5-9.5 (25&#176;C)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">P1644</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Keep sterile. Percoll needs to be made isotonic with sterile 10X PBS prior to use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:457px;">Trimmer Combo Kit</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">CL9990-1201&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Use the larger trimmer for shaving the flank and back.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:457px;">4-Ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">E0753-10G</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Dissolve in 100% EtOH at 50&#176;C for 15 minutes on a rotating plate.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:457px;">Purified anti-mouse CD16/CD32 (2.4G2)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Tonbo Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">70-0161</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to block non-specific antibody binding during antibody staining for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:457px;">anti-CD3e-BV650 (145-2C11)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">564378</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD4-APC-eFluor780 (RM4-5)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">47-0042-80</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD8a-BV785 (53-6.7)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">BioLegend</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">100749</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD11b-eFluor450 (M1/70)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">48-0112-80</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD11c-eFluor450 (N418)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">48-0114-80</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD44-BV711 (IM7)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">563971</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD45-FITC (30-F11)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Tonbo Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">35-0451-U025</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD45R-eFluor450 (RA3-6B2)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">48-0452-80</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-CD62L-PerCP-Cy5.5 (MEL-14)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">BioLegend</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">104431</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">anti-Ly-6G/Ly-6C (Gr-1)-PE (RB6-8C5)</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">BioLegend</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">108407</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Antibody used to stain cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">Ghost Dye-BV510</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Tonbo Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">13-0870-T100</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Viability dye for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:457px;">LSR Fortessa</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Cell analyzer (18 parameters)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="96">
			<td height="96" style="height:96px;width:457px;">Collagenase D from Clostridium histolyticum</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Roche Applied Science</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">11088858001</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">Aliquot lyophilized enzyme at 5 mg/mL in HBSS with phenol red, without calcium, and without magnesium into 1 mL aliquots.&#160; Store immediately at -20&#176;C for up to six months.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="92">
			<td height="92" style="height:92px;width:457px;">ND4 Swiss female mice</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Harlan</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">0-32</td>
			<td style="width:396px;">8-12 weeks old; conventionally housed with free access to food and water and used according to Macalester College&#39;s IACUC guidelines.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation of infiltrating leukocytes from mouse skin using enzymatic digest and gradient separation

Dissociating murine skin into a single cell suspension is essential for downstream cellular analysis such as the characterization of infiltrating immune cells in rodent models of skin inflammation. Here, we describe a protocol for the digestion of mouse skin in a nutrient-rich solution with collagenase D, followed by separation of hematopoietic cells using a discontinuous density gradient. Cells thus obtained can be used for in vitro studies, in vivo transfer, and other downstream cellular and molecular analyses including flow cytometry. This protocol is an effective and economical alternative to expensive mechanical dissociators, specialized separation columns, and harsher trypsin- and dispase-based digestion methods, which may compromise cellular viability or density of surface proteins relevant for phenotypic characterization or cellular function. As shown here in our representative data, this protocol produced highly viable cells, contained specific immune cell subsets, and had no effect on integrity of common surface marker proteins used in flow cytometric analysis.

La colagenasa D tratada esplenocitos muestran niveles similares de CD4 y CD8 α en las células T en comparación con los controles tratados con los medios En primer lugar, cualquier efecto potencial de colagenasa D sobre la frecuencia y la superficie abundancia de linaje y activación marcadores en subconjuntos de células T se evaluaron utilizando el tejido linfoide secundario como un control. Una suspensión de esplenocitos se ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Infiltrating Leukocytes from Mouse Skin Using Enzymatic Digest and Gradient Separation at JoVE.com

Isolation of Infiltrating Leukocytes from Mouse Skin Using Enzymatic Digest and Gradient Separation

Aislamiento de leucocitos infiltrantes de ratón Piel Usando enzimática Digest y Separación de degradado

This protocol describes enzymatic digestion of mouse skin in nutrient-rich medium followed by gradient separation to isolate leukocytes. Cells thus derived can be used for diverse downstream applications. This is an effective, economical, and improved alternative to tissue dissociation machines and harsher trypsin and dispase-based tissue digestion protocols.

Dissociating murine skin into a single cell suspension is essential for downstream cellular analysis such as the characterization of infiltrating immune ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to isolate skin-infiltrating leukocytes using enzymatic digestion and density gradient separation. This method can be applied to the investigation of cellular and molecular mechanisms in many mouse models of skin pathologies, including atopic dermatitis. Though this method can provide insight into skin-infiltrating leukocyte biology, it can also be applied to the investigation of other resident cell populations.Generally, individuals new to this method will struggle with the skin harvesting, which includes a complete removal of the excess adipose and connective tissues. Visual demonstration of this method is critical, as skin harvesting and density gradient handling are difficult to learn, and require precision and practice. At the appropriate time point after treatment, use 10 centimeter surgical scissors to carefully excise a 25 by 25 millimeter area of shaved flank skin from an adult eight to twelve-week-old female ND4 Swiss-Webster mouse.Use a clean, sharp surgical blade to scrape away the excess fat and connective tissue from the skin, then transfer the skin into a 50 milliliter conical tube containing 10 milliliters of room temperature HBSS supplemented with EDTA, HEPES, and FBS, and predigest the tissue on a rotating plate for 30 minutes in a dry, non-gassed, 37 degree Celsius incubator. At the end of the incubation, vortex the tube vigorously for ten seconds and filter the tissue slurry through a 70 micron strainer. Next, use a pair of forceps to transfer the flank skin pieces from the strainer into a new 50 milliliter tube containing ten milliliters of fresh, room temperature HBSS media, supplemented with EDTA, HEPES, and FBS, then use a 12.5 centimeter pair of surgical dissecting scissors to mince each piece of flank skin so that the average piece of tissue is approximately 2.2 by 2.2 millimeters in size.When all of the pieces have been minced, return the tube to the rotating plate for another 30 minute incubation. Vortex the tube vigorously for 10 seconds at the end of the incubation and filter the contents through the 70 micron strainer. Collect the remaining flank skin pieces in a new 50 milliliter tube containing 10 milliliters of HBSS supplemented with 0.7 milligrams per milliliter of Collagenase D, and return the tube to the rotating plate for another 30 minute incubation.After another 10 seconds of vortexing, filter the contents of the tube again, this time discarding the debris on the strainer, then fill the tube with up to 50 milliliters of HBSS, EDTA, HEPES, FBS, spin down the cells and decant the supernatant. Add three milliliters of room temperature, 67 percent density gradient centrifugation medium in PBS to a new 15 milliliter conical tube, and resuspend the cell pellet in five milliliters of room temperature 44 percent density gradient centrifugation medium in HBSS with phenol red. Setting the pipettor to the lowest speed, place the pipette on the side of the tube and gently layer the cells on top of the 67 percent density gradient centrifugation medium.When working with density gradients, take care to avoid making bubbles and to minimize any disruptions to the gradient interface. Then separate the cells, using a five milliliter transfer pipette to collect the cells at the interface at the end of the centrifugation. As gently layering the gradient and carefully extracting the interface of the gradients are critical steps, it is wise to practice the density gradient centrifugation medium layering and interface removal with the suspension of murine splenocytes before attempting the procedure with the experimental cells of interest.Finally, wash the collected cells in ice-cold PBS supplemented with FBS in a 15 milliliter conical tube and count the number of viable cells by trypan blue exclusion. CD4 and CD8-alpha surface expression are not affected by Collagenase D digestion, as the same number of CD4 positive and CD8-alpha positive cells is detected with or without enzymatic digestion. Further, Collagenase D digestion exhibits no effect on the surface density of the T cell activation markers CD44 and CD62L on CD4 positive T cells.After gradient separation, about 250 viable immune cells per square millimeter of flank tissue are isolated from Oxazolone, or Ox-challenged mice, versus only four viable immune cells per square millimeter of tissue in vehicle-challenged mice, previously sensitized with Ox.95 percent of the low forward and side scatter single cells in Ox-challenged mice, and 71 percent of these cells in vehicle-challenged controls are live CD45 positive cells, equivalent to an approximately 67 fold increase in the infiltrating CD45 positive immune cell population in the flank skin following three daily Ox challenges. Indeed, Ox challenge results in the pronounced infiltration of T cells and neutrophils into the flank skin, with 42 percent of the single, live CD45 positive cells in Ox-treated animals, apparent Gr-1 positive neutrophils, and approximately 84 percent CD3 positive T cells expressing CD8-alpha, or CD4, compared to control, ethanol-treated animals. Once mastered, this technique can be completed in about three hours if it's performed properly.While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to handle the density gradient carefully. Don't forget to always use room temperature density gradient centrifugation medium when performing this procedure. Following this procedure, other methods like flow cytometric analysis, cell sorting, cell transfer, or in vitro cell culture can be performed to evaluate the phenotype and function of the skin-infiltrating leukocytes.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to isolate skin-infiltrating leukocytes using enzymatic digestion and density gradient centrifugation.

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