Name: loss- and gain-of-function approach to investigate early cell fate determinants in preimplantation mouse embryos
Uploaded: 2016-06-06T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Loss- and Gain-of-function Approach to Investigate Early Cell Fate Determinants in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos at JoVE.com

作者也想感谢熊博士的佐治亚健康科学大学的研究小组制造和分享构建了neogenin的cDNA和shRNA载体。这项研究是由由韩国研究基金会资助的基础科学研究计划（2013R1A1A4A01012572）的赠款和由三育大学的研究资助。

注：动物养殖和关心所有程序均按照三育大学，首尔，韩国的IACUC规定进行。 1.超数排卵，育种和输卵管隔离<ol><li>保持在下列条件下的近交C57BL / 6小鼠：22±3℃，〜60％的湿度，12小时光照/黑暗循环，并在水和食物随意。 </li><li>由5 IU孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）的0.1毫升腹膜内注射诱导3-5周龄的雌性小鼠超排卵/头随后48小时后通过腹膜内注射5 IU人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）以0.1ml /头。 </li><l...

<ol>
	<li>Yamanaka, Y., Ralston, A., Stephenson, R. O., Rossant, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+and+molecular+regulation+of+the+mouse+blastocyst.">Cell and molecular regulation of the mouse blastocyst.</a> Dev. Dyn. 235 (9), 2301-2314 (2006).</li><li>Sasaki, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+of+trophectoderm+fate+specification+in+preimplantation+mouse+development.">Mechanisms of trophectoderm fate specification in preimplantation mouse development.</a> Dev. Growth Differ. 52 (3), 263-273 (2010).</li><li>Nishioka, N., Yamamoto, S., Kiyonari, H., Sato, H., Sawada, A., Ota, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tead4+is+required+for+specification+of+trophectoderm+in+pre-implantation+mouse.">Tead4 is required for specification of trophectoderm in pre-implantation mouse.</a> Mech. Dev. 125 (3-4), 270-283 (2008).</li><li>Ovitt, C. E., Sch&#246;ler, H. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+molecular+biology+of+Oct-4+in+the+early+mouse+embryo.">The molecular biology of Oct-4 in the early mouse embryo.</a> Mol. Hum. Reprod. 4 (11), 1021-1031 (1998).</li><li>Stein, P., Schindler, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+Oocyte+Microinjection,+Maturation+and+Ploidy+Assessment.">Mouse Oocyte Microinjection, Maturation and Ploidy Assessment.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (53), e2851 (2011).</li><li>Shin, M. R., Cui, X. S., Jun, J. H., Jeong, Y. J., Kim, N. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+mouse+blastocyst+genes+that+are+down+regulated+by+double-stranded+RNA-mediated+knockdown+of+Oct-4+expression.">Identification of mouse blastocyst genes that are down regulated by double-stranded RNA-mediated knockdown of Oct-4 expression.</a> Mol. Reprod. Dev. 70 (4), 390-396 (2005).</li><li>Khang, I., Sonn, S., Park, J. -. H., Rhee, K., Park, D., Kim, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+epithin+in+mouse+preimplantation+development:+Its+role+in+compaction.">Expression of epithin in mouse preimplantation development: Its role in compaction.</a> Dev. Biol. 281, 134-144 (2005).</li><li>Prieto, D., Aparicio, G., Machado, M., Zolessi, F. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+the+DNA-Specific+Stain+Methyl+Green+in+the+Fluorescent+Labeling+of+Embryos.">Application of the DNA-Specific Stain Methyl Green in the Fluorescent Labeling of Embryos.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (99), e52769 (2015).</li><li>Lee, J. H., Choi, S. S., Kim, H. W., Xiong, W. C., Min, C. K., Lee, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neogenin+as+a+receptor+for+early+cell+fate+determination+in+preimplantation+mouse+embryos.">Neogenin as a receptor for early cell fate determination in preimplantation mouse embryos.</a> PLoS One. 9 (7), e101989 (2014).</li><li>Gordon, J. W., Scangos, G. A., Plotkin, D. J., Barbosa, J. A., Ruddle, F. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+transformation+of+mouse+embryos+by+microinjection+of+purified+DNA.">Genetic transformation of mouse embryos by microinjection of purified DNA.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 77 (12), 7380-7384 (1980).</li><li>Brinster, R. L., Chen, H. Y., Trumbauer, M. E., Yagle, M. K., Palmiter, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Factors+affecting+the+efficiency+of+introducing+foreign+DNA+into+mice+by+microinjecting+eggs.">Factors affecting the efficiency of introducing foreign DNA into mice by microinjecting eggs.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 82, 4438-4442 (1985).</li></ol>

在本协议中，我们证明遗传物​​质注射的新方法，无论是基因或shRNA，进入2-PN小鼠胚胎小鼠胚胎发育过程中，探索neogenin在早期细胞分化的作用。植入前胚胎的遗传修饰是在揭示的标的分子机制，例如，第一细胞谱系判定密钥信息的强大技术。遗传修饰是为确定基因功能最常用的方法之一。具有相对大的承受力的2-PN胚胎外源遗传物质和cDNA和shRNA的显微注射的可行性入2-PN胚胎的，这种胚胎操作技...

植入前胚胎发育可以分成几个不同的阶段，从单细胞阶段到桑椹胚和胚泡。多的证据表明，极性和位置线索发挥早期细胞命运决定了作用到滋养外胚层（TE）和内细胞团（ICM）。然而，线索，它们是如何变换成蜂窝信号的性质，并在生理环境中，这样的信号是能够引发细胞谱系分化是不知道的。这些分化的细胞，然后进行专门化，开始采取所需的胎盘1-3的胚胎适当形成和生长特性结构和功能。 植入前胚胎是通过直接注射像siRNA或靶cDNA改性遗传物质特别适合于操纵，因此可用于研究特定的目标分子。人们越来越认识到遗传脊椎动物的胚胎的分析是推动我们的胚胎发育4的了解至关重要。精确引入野生型基因或突变形式的成胚胎及时上下文来完成GAIN-或失功能的基因的大大促进的发育调节的基因的研究。损失-并通过遗传物质为单独的早期非哺乳动物和哺乳动物胚胎显微注射获得性功能比较简单，因为其庞大的规模和巨大的接受5。显微注射，使用非病毒载体通常进行。特别的优点已采取便于使用非病毒载体在病毒载体和转基因的。在小鼠胚胎的快速损失-或增益的功能表达系统已经开发出来，让我们来剖析和理解脊椎动物胚胎6,7基因的功能。 胚胎的荧光标记将大大促进MICR的选择oinjected或遗传操作的胚胎，并在同一时间给予间接量化基于荧光强度8显微注射siRNA或cDNA的表达水平的装置。为了完成这个标签，荧光蛋白基因，GFP或RFP，是共注射如任一融合构建或单独。 GFP或RFP的荧光强度揭示siRNA或外源DNA的表达的程度，以确保损失 - 或增益的功能已经完成。 在这里，我们提出了损失 - 而获功能的技术，使我们能够确定neogenin作为继电器外线索早期细胞分化的重要植入前小鼠胚胎的受体的显微协议。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1507">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">M16 medium,</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Gibco BRL (Grand Island, NY)</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">M7292 LOT# 11A832</td>
			<td style="width:261px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">Goat serum,&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Dako (Glostrup, Denmark)</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">X0907</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">PMSG</td>
			<td>Folligon, Intervet, Holland</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">G4877-1000IU LOT#SLBD0719V</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">Mineral olie</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">CG5-1VL LOT# SLBC6783V</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">(Intervet, Holland)</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">(invitrogen , 15596-026)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">SuperScript&#174; III Reverse Transcriptase</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">lifetechnologies</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">18080-044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">PCR pre mixture</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">&#160;(Bioneer, Daejon, S. Korea)</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">GenDEPOT , A0224-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">Agarose (molecular grade)</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">BioRad</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">161-3101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">Paraformaldehyde Solution, 4% in PBS</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Affymetrix USA</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">19943</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">polyclonal rabbit anti-neogenin antibody</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Santa Cruz Biotechnology, US</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">SC-15337</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">Alexa fluor 488 labeled anti-rabbit antibody</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Molecular Probes (Invitrogen, USA)</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">A-11094</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">Alexa fluor 555 labeled anti-rabbit antibody</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Molecular Probes (Invitrogen, USA)</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">A-21428</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">Alexa Fluor&#174; 555 Phalloidin</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Molecular Probes (Invitrogen, USA)</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">A34055</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">DAPI (4&#39;,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, Dihydrochloride)</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Invitrogen, USA</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">D1306</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">Recombinant Human RGM-C/Hemojuvelin</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">R&#38;D systems</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">3720-RG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:496px;">all plasmid constructs&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Prof. Wen Cheng Xiong at Georgia Health Sciences University (Agusta, GA).</td>
			<td style="width:232px;"></td>
			<td>the present studies were kindly provided by&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">Neon&#174;&#160; Transfection System</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">lifetech</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">MPK10096</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">Stereo Microscrope</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">SMZ1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">Micromainpulation system with Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">Narishige ONM-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">MicroInjector</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Nikon Narishige</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">GASTIGHT #1750</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">Holder</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Nikon Narishige</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">Narishige IM 16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">Microfoge</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Nikon Narishige</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">Narishige MF-900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">grinder</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Narishige</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">EG400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">Puller</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Sutter Instrumnet company</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">P-97</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">CO2 incubator</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">Thermo Scientific Forma</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">EW-39320-16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:496px;">Veriti&#174; 384-Well Thermal Cycler&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:519px;">lifetechnologies</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">4388444</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

loss- and gain-of-function approach to investigate early cell fate determinants in preimplantation mouse embryos

Gene silencing and overexpression techniques are instrumental for the identification of genes involved in embryonic development. Direct target gene modification in preimplantation embryos provides a means to study the underlying mechanisms of genes implicated in, for instance, cellular differentiation into the trophectoderm (TE) and the inner cell mass (ICM). Here, we describe a protocol that examines the role of neogenin as an authentic receptor for initial cell fate determination in preimplantation mouse embryos. First, we discuss the experimental manipulations that were used to produce gain and loss of neogenin function by microinjecting neogenin cDNA and shRNA; the effectiveness of this approach was confirmed by a strong correlation between the pair-wise expression levels of either red fluorescent protein (RFP) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the immunocytochemical quantification of neogenin expression. Secondly, overexpression of neogenin in preimplantation mouse embryos leads to normal ICM development while neogenin knockdown causes the ICM to develop abnormally, implying that neogenin could be a receptor that relays extracellular cues to drive blastomeres to early cell fates. Given the success of this detailed protocol in investigating the function of a novel embryonic developmental stage-specific receptor, we propose that it has the potential to aid in exploration and identification of other stage-specific genes during embryogenesis.

我们发现，neogenin期间植入前的小鼠胚胎的早期发育阶段瞬时表达，早在2-细胞阶段和持久直到早期桑椹胚出现但成为缺陷在后期桑椹胚和胚泡阶段（ 图2A）。此外，neogenin的空间分布被限制主要是细胞外。 RT-PCR分析的结果与neogenin表达的早期和短暂性质相符，在4细胞期峰值，但在16个细胞阶段完全缺乏或更高（ 图2B）。与此相反，F-肌动蛋白没有?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Loss- and Gain-of-function Approach to Investigate Early Cell Fate Determinants in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos at JoVE.com

Loss- and Gain-of-function Approach to Investigate Early Cell Fate Determinants in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos

该协议的目的是描述一个损失 - 和增益的是适用于确定neogenin作为通向滋养外胚层和中植入前小鼠胚胎内细胞团的分化阶段特异性受体功能的方法。

损失 - 和增益的功能角度进行调查研究早期细胞命运决定在植入前小鼠胚胎

 Gene silencing and overexpression techniques are instrumental for the identification of genes involved in embryonic development. Direct target gene ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Methods for Precisely Localized Transfer of Cells or DNA into Early Postimplantation Mouse Embryos

方法细胞或DNA的精确本地化转移到着床后早期小鼠胚胎

Manipulation and culture of early mouse embryos is a powerful yet largely under-utilized technology enhancing the value of this model system. Conversely, ...

科研

发育生物学

Quantitative Analysis of Protein Expression to Study Lineage Specification in Mouse Preimplantation Embryos

蛋白表达的定量分析来研究宗族规范小鼠植入前胚胎

This protocol presents a method to perform quantitative, single-cell in situ analyses of protein expression to study lineage specification in mouse ...

Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform

Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform

转录组分析]<em&gt;活体</em&gt;生产牛胚胎植入前胚胎采用双色微阵列平台

Early embryonic loss is a large contributor to infertility in cattle. Moreover, bovine becomes an interesting model to study human preimplantation embryo ...

Derivation of Stem Cell Lines from Mouse Preimplantation Embryos

从小鼠胚胎植入前胚胎干细胞系的推导

Mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) derivation is the process by which pluripotent cell lines are established from preimplantation embryos. These lines ...

A Novel Use of Three-dimensional High-frequency Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Characterization in the Mouse

三维高频超声对小鼠早期妊娠特征的新应用

High-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) is a common method to non-invasively monitor the real-time development of the human fetus in utero. The mouse is ...

Quantitative Whole-mount Immunofluorescence Analysis of Cardiac Progenitor Populations in Mouse Embryos

小鼠胚胎心肌内祖群的定量全贴免疫荧光分析

The use of ever-advancing imaging techniques has contributed broadly to our increased understanding of embryonic development. Pre-implantation development ...

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

RANKL 小鼠骨髓破骨细胞培养法研究 mTORC1 在破骨细胞形成中的作用

Osteoclasts are unique bone-resorbing cells that differentiate from the monocyte/macrophage lineage of bone marrow. Dysfunction of osteoclasts may result ...

Visualization of Cellular Electrical Activity in Zebrafish Early Embryos and Tumors

斑马鱼早期胚胎和肿瘤细胞电活动的可视化研究

Bioelectricity, endogenous electrical signaling mediated by ion channels and pumps located on the cell membrane, plays important roles in signaling ...

Visualizing the Node and Notochordal Plate In Gastrulating Mouse Embryos Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Whole Mount Immunofluorescence

用扫描电镜和全贴免疫荧光技术可视化小鼠胚胎中的节点和外型板

The post-implantation mouse embryo undergoes major shape changes after the initiation of gastrulation and morphogenesis. A hallmark of morphogenesis is ...

Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos

为早期小鼠胚胎测序准备小型RNA库

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important for the complex regulation of cell fate decisions and developmental timing. In vivo studies of the contribution of miRNAs ...