Name: hsv-mediated transgene expression of chimeric constructs to study behavioral function of gpcr heteromers in mice
Uploaded: 2016-07-09T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about HSV-Mediated Transgene Expression of Chimeric Constructs to Study Behavioral Function of GPCR Heteromers in Mice at JoVE.com

NIH R01MH084894 partecipato al finanziamento di questo studio. Vorremmo ringraziare il Dott. Yasmin Hurd e Scott Russo al Mount Sinai School of Medicine per la donazione di topi e l&#39;uso dei loro chirurgia e comportamento strutture durante le riprese di questo lavoro.

NOTA: Tutte le procedure per l&#39;allevamento degli animali e le cure sono state condotte secondo la norma istituzionale cura e l&#39;uso Comitato Animal (IACUC) di Icahn Scuola di Medicina Mount Sinai. Assicurarsi di utilizzare guanti sterili durante tutta la procedura. 1. droga e Virus Preparazione <ol><li> Drug Preparazione <ol><li> Preparare 15,0 ml di ketamina / xilazina anestetico sciogliendo 1,35 ml di 100 mg / ml ketamina e 0,75 ml di 20 mg / xilazina ml in 12,9 ml di 0,9% di soluzion...

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L., Holloway, T., Albizu, L., Sealfon, S. C., Gonzalez-Maeso, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabotropic+glutamate+mGlu2+receptor+is+necessary+for+the+pharmacological+and+behavioral+effects+induced+by+hallucinogenic+5-HT2A+receptor+agonists.">Metabotropic glutamate mGlu2 receptor is necessary for the pharmacological and behavioral effects induced by hallucinogenic 5-HT2A receptor agonists.</a> Neurosci Lett. 493 (3), 76-79 (2011).</li><li>Moreno, J. 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C., Gonzalez-Maeso, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Group+II+metabotropic+glutamate+receptors+and+schizophrenia.">Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors and schizophrenia.</a> Cell Mol Life Sci. 66 (23), 3777-3785 (2009).</li><li>Kurita, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HDAC2+regulates+atypical+antipsychotic+responses+through+the+modulation+of+mGlu2+promoter+activity.">HDAC2 regulates atypical antipsychotic responses through the modulation of mGlu2 promoter activity.</a> Nat Neurosci. 15 (9), 1245-1254 (2012).</li><li>Kurita, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repressive+Epigenetic+Changes+at+the+mGlu2+Promoter+in+Frontal+Cortex+of+5-HT2A+Knockout+Mice.">Repressive Epigenetic Changes at the mGlu2 Promoter in Frontal Cortex of 5-HT2A Knockout Mice.</a> Mol Pharmacol. 83 (6), 1166-1175 (2013).</li><li>Rives, M. 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(84), 158-169 (2013).</li><li>Ferre, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=G+protein-coupled+receptor+oligomerization+revisited:+functional+and+pharmacological+perspectives.">G protein-coupled receptor oligomerization revisited: functional and pharmacological perspectives.</a> Pharmacol Rev. 66 (2), 413-434 (2014).</li><li>Gonzalez-Maeso, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GPCR+oligomers+in+pharmacology+and+signaling.">GPCR oligomers in pharmacology and signaling.</a> Mol Brain. 4 (1), 20 (2011).</li><li>Gonzalez-Maeso, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Family+a+GPCR+heteromers+in+animal+models.">Family a GPCR heteromers in animal models.</a> Front Pharmacol. 5, 226 (2014).</li><li>Dragulescu-Andrasi, A., Chan, C. T., De, A., Massoud, T. F., Gambhir, S. 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Insieme con i precedenti risultati in mGlu2-KO topi 5, i risultati con mGlu2 e mGlu2 / mGlu3 costrutti chimerici che non formano la 5-HT complesso recettoriale 2A -mGlu2 in cellule in coltura suggeriscono che la 2A 5-HT -mGlu2 eteromerico complesso recettoriale in topo corteccia frontale è necessario per indurre comportamenti testa contrazione da allucinogeni 5-HT 2A agonisti del recettore LSD-like. Una limitazione di questo metodo è che non misura prossimità molecolare a l...

Allucinogeni, come l&#39;LSD, psilocibina e mescalina provocano significativi cambiamenti nella coscienza umana, cognizione ed emozione 7-9. L&#39;inattivazione della serotonina 5-HT 2A recettore segnalazioni da approcci sia genetici o farmacologici cause notevolmente attenuato le risposte comportamentali a allucinogeni in entrambi i modelli di roditori 3,10 e gli esseri umani 11. Anche se allucinogeni legano altri sottotipi di recettori 8, il recettore 5-HT 2A è considerato come necessario per l&#39;attività comportamentale unica di queste sostanze chimiche. Gruppo II recettori metabotropici del glutammato (es., MGlu2 e mGlu3) sono stati oggetto di considerevole attenzione per quanto riguarda il meccanismo molecolare di allucinogeni e il loro ruolo fondamentale sottostante psicosi 12. In precedenza, è stato dimostrato che topi con nessuna espressione di proteine ​​mGlu2 (topi mGlu2-KO) sono insensibili agli effetti cellulari e comportamentali di hallucinogens 5. È stato anche suggerito che la 5-HT 2A e recettori mGlu2 formano un complesso specifico eteromerico attraverso cui serotonina e glutammato ligandi modulano il modello dell&#39;accoppiamento proteina G nelle cellule viventi 1,2. Strutturalmente, transmembrana (TM) domini 4 e 5 di mGlu2 giocano un ruolo fondamentale nella formazione eteromerico con la 5-HT 2A recettore 5. Inoltre, ulteriori indagini hanno dimostrato che tre residui si trovano alla fine intracellulare di TM4 di mGlu2 sono necessari per formare il 5-HT 2A -mGlu2 recettore eterocomplesso nelle cellule viventi 6. Sulla base di questi risultati osservati in sistemi di espressione eterologa, qui si descrive l&#39;uso di espressione HSV-mediata di tipo selvaggio mGlu2 e mGlu2 / mGlu3 costrutti chimerici nella corteccia frontale di topi mGlu2-KO per verificare se la formazione eteromerico tra 5-HT 2A e mGlu2 è necessario per ilcomportamento testa contrazione indotta da allucinogeni 5-HT 2A agonisti del recettore.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">mGlu2 bicitronic herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">MIT Core</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:1716px;">mGlu2 and mGlu2DTM4N were subcloned into the bicistronic HSV-GFP virus vector p1005+ HSV expressing GFP under the control of the CMV promoter. Viral particles were produced by the Viral Core Facility at the McGovern Institute (MIT). For more information, please contact the director, Dr. Rachael Neve (rneve@mit.edu)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">mGlu2&#916;TM4N bicitronic herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">MIT Core</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>mGlu2 and mGlu2DTM4N were subcloned into the bicistronic HSV-GFP virus vector p1005+ HSV expressing GFP under the control of the CMV promoter. Viral particles were produced by the Viral Core Facility at the McGovern Institute (MIT). For more information, please contact the director, Dr. Rachael Neve (rneve@mit.edu)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">GFP bicitronic herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">MIT Core</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>mGlu2 and mGlu2DTM4N were subcloned into the bicistronic HSV-GFP virus vector p1005+ HSV expressing GFP under the control of the CMV promoter. Viral particles were produced by the Viral Core Facility at the McGovern Institute (MIT). For more information, please contact the director, Dr. Rachael Neve (rneve@mit.edu)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="105">
			<td height="105" style="height:105px;width:423px;">xylazine&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Lloyd</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">List no. 4811-20ml, NADA #139-236, NDC Code(s): 61311-481-10</td>
			<td>1.35 mL of 100mg/ml of ketamine+.75 mL of 20mg/ml of xylazine are diluted in 12.0 mL of .9% saline solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;">ketamine&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Vedco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">KetaVed-10ml, NADA #200-029, NDC Code(s): 50989-161-06</td>
			<td>1.35 mL of 100mg/ml of ketamine+.75 mL of 20mg/ml of xylazine are diluted in 12.0 mL of .9% saline solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">ophthalmic gel</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC0550805</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">burret clips</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9268369</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:423px;">Feather surgical blade</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9032736</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:423px;">Hydrogen Peroxide</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>19-898-919&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Hamilton syringe</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14815203</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Hamilton&#8482; Small Hub Removable Needles (33 Ga)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14816206</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Cordless Micro Drill</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9089241</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Dermabond Dermal Adhesive</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NC0690470</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">(&#177;)-1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane hydrochloride (DOI)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>42203-78-1</td>
			<td>Dissolved in .9% saline solution to the concentration of 2.0 mg/kg</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

hsv-mediated transgene expression of chimeric constructs to study behavioral function of gpcr heteromers in mice

The heteromeric receptor complex between 5-HT2A and mGlu2 has been implicated in some of the behavioral phenotypes in mouse models of psychosis1,2. Consequently, investigation of structural details of the interaction between 5-HT2A and mGlu2 affecting schizophrenia-related behaviors represents a powerful translational tool. As previously shown, the head-twitch response (HTR) in mice is elicited by hallucinogenic drugs and this behavioral response is absent in 5-HT2A knockout (KO) mice3,4. Additionally, by conditionally expressing the 5-HT2A receptor only in cortex, it was demonstrated that 5-HT2A receptor-dependent signaling pathways on cortical pyramidal neurons are sufficient to elicit head-twitch behavior in response to hallucinogenic drugs3. Finally, it has been shown that the head-twitch behavioral response induced by the hallucinogens DOI and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is significantly decreased in mGlu2-KO mice5. These findings suggest that mGlu2 is at least in part necessary for the 5-HT2A receptor-dependent psychosis-like behavioral effects induced by LSD-like drugs. However, this does not provide evidence as to whether the 5-HT2A-mGlu2 receptor complex is necessary for this behavioral phenotype. To address this question, herpes simplex virus (HSV) constructs to express either mGlu2 or mGlu2&#916;TM4N (mGlu2/mGlu3 chimeric construct that does not form the 5-HT2A-mGlu2 receptor complex) in the frontal cortex of mGlu2-KO mice were used to examine whether this GPCR heteromeric complex is needed for the behavioral effects induced by LSD-like drugs6.

Precedenti risultati dimostrano che la testa a contrazione risposta comportamentale murino è affidabile e robusto suscitata da allucinogeni, ed è assente in 5-HT 2A topi -Ko 3. Inoltre, è stato dimostrato che la risposta testa contrazione provocata dai allucinogeni 5-HT 2A agonisti DOI e LSD era significativamente diminuita in mGlu2-KO topi 5. Tuttavia, anche se i risultati precedenti dimostrano che convincente 2A 5-HT e mGlu2 son...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about HSV-Mediated Transgene Expression of Chimeric Constructs to Study Behavioral Function of GPCR Heteromers in Mice at JoVE.com

HSV-Mediated Transgene Expression of Chimeric Constructs to Study Behavioral Function of GPCR Heteromers in Mice

Questo articolo viene descritto come iniettare vettori virali nel mouse corteccia frontale per testare test comportamentali che richiedono la formazione eteromerico GPCR.

HSV-mediata Transgene Espressione di chimerici costrutti di studio comportamentale funzione di GPCR Heteromers nei topi

The heteromeric receptor complex between 5-HT2A and mGlu2 has been implicated in some of the behavioral phenotypes in mouse models of psychosis1,2.  ...

The overall goal of this method is to observe how virus-mediated gene transfer affects behavioral phenotypes that require heterodimerization of G-protein coupled receptors in mouse models. This method can help answer key questions in the field of neuro and psycho pharmacology. Specifically how g protein coupled receptors interact with each other at a molecular level.By using this method we can understand how this interaction affects behavior in models of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and depression. Using this method we are going to specifically look at seratonin 2a and metabotropic glutamate receptor 2, both of which have been shown to be implicated in the mechanism of action of drugs used to treat patients with schizophrenia. Begin by properly anesthetizing the mouse according to approved methods.Ensure that a surgical plane of anesthesia has been obtained by performing a toe pinch and noting the absence of a response. Then apply ophthalmic gel to protect the eyes. Attach the mouse to the stereotactic frame, making sure to adjust the tilt of the head so that the skull is level and flat.Apply povidone iodine to the exposed scalp. Using a scalpel make a sagittal incision along the midline of the skull within the exposed shaved area. Then attach pureit clamps to the skin at the incision site to make sure that the skull remains exposed.Apply hydrogen peroxide to dissolve away the periosteum, and expose the sutures of the skull. Now that the bregma and sutures are visible, be sure to adjust the stereotactic frame to make sure that the skull is level. Align the needle tips of the syringes with bregma and record the coordinates of bregma.To bilaterally inject the frontal cortex, add 1.6 mm to the recorded rostral caudal bregma coordinate, and 2.6 mm to the recorded medial lateral bregma coordinate. Mark the injection sites on the skull and then drill small holes at the injection sites. With a cotton tip applicator, wipe away any excess blood or bone fragments.Bring the needle to the surface of the brain, and lower to the depth of the dorsal ventral coordinate. Then slowly inject the contents of the syringe by twisting the plunger of the needle to administer 0.1 microliters per minute for five minutes, for a 0.5 microliter injection. Allow the syringe to remain in place for five minutes.After the allotted time, remove the animal from the stereotaxis, close the incision, and place on a warming pad. Administer post operative analgesia according to your approved animal protocol. Perform behavioral testing two to three days after stereotactic injection of viral particles.Habituate the mice to the room for at least four hours prior to the beginning of the experiment. Begin by dissolving DOI into a 0.9 percent saline solution to two milligrams per kilogram. Prepare a home cage without any bedding and using a tripod adjust a camera so that it is directly over the home cage.Calibrate the camera so that the entire home cage is in the field of view. Weigh the mouse and inject intraperitoneally with the appropriate dose of either 0.9 percent saline or DOI. Place the mouse back in the home cage for ten minutes.After ten minutes, place the mouse into the center of the empty home cage, and ensure that there are no blind spots in the field of view of the camera. Press record on the camcorder and leave the room. After 30 minutes, stop the recording and place the mouse back in the original home cage.Repeat the behavioral test on the next mouse. Have the referee review the videos blind to the experimental conditions. Manually record every head twitch throughout the video.A head twitch is defined as a rapid shaking head movement conducted by a mouse. Process the data as outlined in the written portion of the protocol. Shown here is a representative image of HSV mediated transgene expression in the frontal cortex.HSV mGlu2 GFP was injected into the frontal cortex and GFP expression was revealed by immunocytochemistry. This scale bar represents 200 microns. This image shows a western blot of HSV mediated transgene expression and anti-mGlu2 reactivity in the frontal cortex of mGlu2 knockout mice.Here we measured immunoreactivity of mGlu2 as a monomer. This histogram shows that viral mediated expression of mGlu2, but not of chimeric mGlu2 in the frontal cortex of mGlu2 knockout mice significantly rescues the head twitch response induced by the hallucinogenic seratonin 2a receptor agonist DOI. The most critical steps with this experiment are the timing between the viral injections, the head twitch response, and when the mice are sacrificed.Any delay can alter the results of the experiment or introduce ambiguity into the data. Once mastered, the mouse surgery will take approximately 30 minutes to inject the virus. The head twitch experiment should also take approximately 35 minutes per mouse.Staggering surgeries, or operating on more than one mouse at a time is recommended. This way one can maintain a timeline that allows the head twitch experiments to be done in the three to four days after surgery which is the peak expression time of the viral construct. Thanks for watching and good luck with your experiment.

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

A General Method for Evaluating Incubation of Sucrose Craving in Rats

Un metodo generale per la valutazione di incubazione della brama di saccarosio in ratti

For someone on a food-restricted diet, food craving in response to food-paired cues may serve as a key behavioral transition point between abstinence and ...

Ricerca

Neuroscienze

Local Application of Drugs to Study Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices

Applicazione locale di farmaci allo studio delle funzioni recettore nicotinico in fettine di cervello del mouse

Tobacco use leads to numerous health problems, including cancer, heart disease, emphysema, and stroke. Addiction to cigarette smoking is a prevalent ...

A Simple Behavioral Assay for Testing Visual Function in Xenopus laevis

A Simple Behavioral Assay for Testing Visual Function in Xenopus laevis

Un test comportamentale semplice for Testing Funzione visiva in<em&gt; Xenopus laevis</em

Measurement of the visual function in the tadpoles of the frog, Xenopus laevis, allows screening for blindness in live animals. The optokinetic response ...

Assessment of Dendritic Arborization in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampal Region in Mice

Valutazione della dendritiche arborizzazione nel giro dentato della Regione ippocampale nei topi

Dendritic arborization has been shown to be a reliable marker for examination of structural and functional integrity of neurons. Indeed, the complexity ...

Quantification of Filamentous Actin (F-actin) Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons

Quantification of Filamentous Actin F-actin Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons

La quantificazione di filamentosa Actina (F-actina) Puncta nel ratto neuroni corticali

Filamentous actin protein (F-actin) plays a major role in spinogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and synaptic stability. Changes in dendritic F-actin rich ...

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Un metodo fMRI a respirazione libera per studiare la funzione olfattiva umana

The study of human olfaction is a highly complex and valuable field with applications ranging from biomedical research to clinical evaluation. Currently, ...

Adeno-associated Virus-mediated Transgene Expression in Genetically Defined Neurons of the Spinal Cord

Espressione del Transgene di mediata da Virus adeno-associato in neuroni geneticamente definiti del midollo spinale

Selective manipulation of spinal neuronal subpopulations has mainly been achieved by two different methods: 1) Intersectional genetics, whereby double or ...

Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology

Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology

Identificazione della dopamina D1-alfa del ricevitore all'interno del roditore Nucleus Accumbens da un innovativo RNA In Situ Detection Technology

In the central nervous system, the D1-alpha subtype receptor (Drd1&#945;) is the most abundant dopamine (DA) receptor, which plays a vital role in ...

The Power of Interstimulus Interval for the Assessment of Temporal Processing in Rodents

Il potere di Interstimulus intervallo per la valutazione di elaborazione temporale in roditori

Temporal processing deficits have been implicated as a potential elemental dimension of higher-level cognitive processes, commonly observed in ...

Ballistic Labeling of Pyramidal Neurons in Brain Slices and in Primary Cell Culture

Etichettatura balistica dei neuroni piramidali nelle sezioni cerebrali e nella cultura cellulare primaria

It has been reported that the size and shape of dendritic spines is related to their structural plasticity. To identify the morphological structure of ...