Name: hsv-mediated transgene expression of chimeric constructs to study behavioral function of gpcr heteromers in mice
Uploaded: 2016-07-09T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about HSV-Mediated Transgene Expression of Chimeric Constructs to Study Behavioral Function of GPCR Heteromers in Mice at JoVE.com

NIH R01MH084894이 연구의 자금 조달에 참여했다. 우리는 박사에게 감사의 말씀을 전합니다. 마우스의 기부금이 작품의 촬영 기간 동안 자신의 수술과 행동 시설의 사용에 대한 의학의 마운트 시나이 학교에서 야스민 허드와 스콧 루소.

참고 : 동물 사육과 염려에 관한 모든 절차는 마운트 시나이 의과 아이칸 학교의 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회 (IACUC) 규정에 따라 실시 하였다. 절차를 통해 멸균 장갑을 사용하십시오. 1. 약물 및 바이러스 준비 <ol><li> 의약품 제조 <ol><li> 12.9 ml의 % 0.9의 식염수 용액에 100 ㎎ / ㎖ 케타민 1.35 ㎖의 20 ㎎ / ㎖ 자일 라진 0.75 ml에 용해하여 15.0 ml의 케타민 / 자일 라진의 마취제를 준?...

<ol>
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함께 mGlu2-KO 마우스 (5) 이전의 결과와 함께 배양 된 세포에서의 5-HT 2A의 -mGlu2 수용체 복합체를 형성하지 않는 mGlu2 및 mGlu2 / mGlu3 키메라 구조와 결과가 제안하는 5-HT의 2A -mGlu2에서 이종 체 수용체 복합체 마우스 전두엽 피질 LSD 같은 환각 5-HT 2A 수용체 작용제에 의해 헤드 트 동작을 유도하는데 필요하다. 이 방법의 한계는 기본 조직의 세포 내 수준에 가까운 분자 ?...

이러한 LSD, 실로시 빈과 메스와 같은 환각제는 인간의 의식,인지와 감정 7-9에 상당한 변화를 일으킬. 유전 또는 약리학 중 접근 방식에 의해 세로토닌 5-HT 2A 수용체 신호의 불 활성화는 크게 두 설치류 모델 3,10에서 환각제에 대한 행동 반응을 감쇠 11을 인간 원인. 환각제 다른 수용체 아형 8 바인딩 있지만, 5-HT의 2A 수용체는 이러한 화학 물질의 고유 한 행동 활동에 필요로 간주됩니다. 그룹 II 대사성 글루타메이트 수용체 (예., mGlu2 및 mGlu3)는 환각제의 분자 메커니즘과 정신병 (12)의 기초가 자신의 필수적인 역할에 대해 상당한 관심의 대상이되고있다. 이전에는 mGlu2 단백질 (mGlu2-KO 마우스)없이 식을 마우스 복도의 셀룰러 및 행동 효과에 영향을받지 것으로 입증되었다lucinogens 5. 또한, 5-HT (2a)와 mGlu2 수용체와 세로토닌 글루타메이트 리간드 1,2- 살아있는 세포에서 G 단백질 커플 링 패턴을 변조되는 특정 이종 복합체를 형성하는 것이 제안되었다. 구조적으로, 횡단 (TM) 영역 (4) 및 mGlu2 5는 5-HT의 2A 수용체 (5)과 이종 체 형성에 중요한 역할을한다. 또한, 추가 조사는 mGlu2의 TM4의 세포 내 끝에있는 세 가지 잔류 물이 세포 6 살아있는에서 5-HT (2A)의 -mGlu2 수용체 헤테로을 형성 할 필요가 있음을 보여 주었다. 이종 발현 시스템에서 관찰 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 우리가 있는지 여부를 테스트하기 위해 야생 형 mGlu2 및 mGlu2-KO 마우스의 전두엽 피질에서 mGlu2 / mGlu3 키메라 구조의 HSV-매개 표현의 사용을 설명하는 5-HT (2A) 사이의 이종 형성 및 mGlu2가 필요하다환각 5-HT 2A 수용체 작용제에 의해 유도 머리 트 행동.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="2329">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">mGlu2 bicitronic herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">MIT Core</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:1716px;">mGlu2 and mGlu2DTM4N were subcloned into the bicistronic HSV-GFP virus vector p1005+ HSV expressing GFP under the control of the CMV promoter. Viral particles were produced by the Viral Core Facility at the McGovern Institute (MIT). For more information, please contact the director, Dr. Rachael Neve (rneve@mit.edu)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">mGlu2&#916;TM4N bicitronic herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">MIT Core</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>mGlu2 and mGlu2DTM4N were subcloned into the bicistronic HSV-GFP virus vector p1005+ HSV expressing GFP under the control of the CMV promoter. Viral particles were produced by the Viral Core Facility at the McGovern Institute (MIT). For more information, please contact the director, Dr. Rachael Neve (rneve@mit.edu)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">GFP bicitronic herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">MIT Core</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>mGlu2 and mGlu2DTM4N were subcloned into the bicistronic HSV-GFP virus vector p1005+ HSV expressing GFP under the control of the CMV promoter. Viral particles were produced by the Viral Core Facility at the McGovern Institute (MIT). For more information, please contact the director, Dr. Rachael Neve (rneve@mit.edu)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="105">
			<td height="105" style="height:105px;width:423px;">xylazine&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Lloyd</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">List no. 4811-20ml, NADA #139-236, NDC Code(s): 61311-481-10</td>
			<td>1.35 mL of 100mg/ml of ketamine+.75 mL of 20mg/ml of xylazine are diluted in 12.0 mL of .9% saline solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;">ketamine&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Vedco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">KetaVed-10ml, NADA #200-029, NDC Code(s): 50989-161-06</td>
			<td>1.35 mL of 100mg/ml of ketamine+.75 mL of 20mg/ml of xylazine are diluted in 12.0 mL of .9% saline solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">ophthalmic gel</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC0550805</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">burret clips</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9268369</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:423px;">Feather surgical blade</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9032736</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:423px;">Hydrogen Peroxide</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>19-898-919&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Hamilton syringe</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14815203</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Hamilton&#8482; Small Hub Removable Needles (33 Ga)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14816206</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Cordless Micro Drill</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9089241</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Dermabond Dermal Adhesive</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NC0690470</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">(&#177;)-1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane hydrochloride (DOI)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>42203-78-1</td>
			<td>Dissolved in .9% saline solution to the concentration of 2.0 mg/kg</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

hsv-mediated transgene expression of chimeric constructs to study behavioral function of gpcr heteromers in mice

The heteromeric receptor complex between 5-HT2A and mGlu2 has been implicated in some of the behavioral phenotypes in mouse models of psychosis1,2. Consequently, investigation of structural details of the interaction between 5-HT2A and mGlu2 affecting schizophrenia-related behaviors represents a powerful translational tool. As previously shown, the head-twitch response (HTR) in mice is elicited by hallucinogenic drugs and this behavioral response is absent in 5-HT2A knockout (KO) mice3,4. Additionally, by conditionally expressing the 5-HT2A receptor only in cortex, it was demonstrated that 5-HT2A receptor-dependent signaling pathways on cortical pyramidal neurons are sufficient to elicit head-twitch behavior in response to hallucinogenic drugs3. Finally, it has been shown that the head-twitch behavioral response induced by the hallucinogens DOI and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is significantly decreased in mGlu2-KO mice5. These findings suggest that mGlu2 is at least in part necessary for the 5-HT2A receptor-dependent psychosis-like behavioral effects induced by LSD-like drugs. However, this does not provide evidence as to whether the 5-HT2A-mGlu2 receptor complex is necessary for this behavioral phenotype. To address this question, herpes simplex virus (HSV) constructs to express either mGlu2 or mGlu2&#916;TM4N (mGlu2/mGlu3 chimeric construct that does not form the 5-HT2A-mGlu2 receptor complex) in the frontal cortex of mGlu2-KO mice were used to examine whether this GPCR heteromeric complex is needed for the behavioral effects induced by LSD-like drugs6.

이전의 결과는 환각제 의해 확실하고 견고하게 유도되는 쥐의 행동 반응을 헤드 트 위치 함을 입증하고, 5-HT 2A -KO 마우스 3 부재. 또한, DOI 및 LSD 환각 5-HT 2A의 작용제에 의해 유발 헤드 트 반응이 크게 mGlu2-KO 마우스 5 감소되었음을 보였다. 그러나, 비록 이전의 연구 결과는 설득력 미해결 남아 살아있는 생쥐의 등이 구조적 배열의 동작 여?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about HSV-Mediated Transgene Expression of Chimeric Constructs to Study Behavioral Function of GPCR Heteromers in Mice at JoVE.com

HSV-Mediated Transgene Expression of Chimeric Constructs to Study Behavioral Function of GPCR Heteromers in Mice

이 문서는 GPCR 이종 형성을 요구하는 행동 분석을 테스트 할 마우스 정면 피질로 바이러스 벡터를 주입하는 방법을 설명합니다.

키메라를 구축의 HSV-중재 형질 전환 유전자의 발현은 마우스의 GPCR Heteromers의 행동 기능을 연구하는

The heteromeric receptor complex between 5-HT2A and mGlu2 has been implicated in some of the behavioral phenotypes in mouse models of psychosis1,2.  ...

The overall goal of this method is to observe how virus-mediated gene transfer affects behavioral phenotypes that require heterodimerization of G-protein coupled receptors in mouse models. This method can help answer key questions in the field of neuro and psycho pharmacology. Specifically how g protein coupled receptors interact with each other at a molecular level.By using this method we can understand how this interaction affects behavior in models of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and depression. Using this method we are going to specifically look at seratonin 2a and metabotropic glutamate receptor 2, both of which have been shown to be implicated in the mechanism of action of drugs used to treat patients with schizophrenia. Begin by properly anesthetizing the mouse according to approved methods.Ensure that a surgical plane of anesthesia has been obtained by performing a toe pinch and noting the absence of a response. Then apply ophthalmic gel to protect the eyes. Attach the mouse to the stereotactic frame, making sure to adjust the tilt of the head so that the skull is level and flat.Apply povidone iodine to the exposed scalp. Using a scalpel make a sagittal incision along the midline of the skull within the exposed shaved area. Then attach pureit clamps to the skin at the incision site to make sure that the skull remains exposed.Apply hydrogen peroxide to dissolve away the periosteum, and expose the sutures of the skull. Now that the bregma and sutures are visible, be sure to adjust the stereotactic frame to make sure that the skull is level. Align the needle tips of the syringes with bregma and record the coordinates of bregma.To bilaterally inject the frontal cortex, add 1.6 mm to the recorded rostral caudal bregma coordinate, and 2.6 mm to the recorded medial lateral bregma coordinate. Mark the injection sites on the skull and then drill small holes at the injection sites. With a cotton tip applicator, wipe away any excess blood or bone fragments.Bring the needle to the surface of the brain, and lower to the depth of the dorsal ventral coordinate. Then slowly inject the contents of the syringe by twisting the plunger of the needle to administer 0.1 microliters per minute for five minutes, for a 0.5 microliter injection. Allow the syringe to remain in place for five minutes.After the allotted time, remove the animal from the stereotaxis, close the incision, and place on a warming pad. Administer post operative analgesia according to your approved animal protocol. Perform behavioral testing two to three days after stereotactic injection of viral particles.Habituate the mice to the room for at least four hours prior to the beginning of the experiment. Begin by dissolving DOI into a 0.9 percent saline solution to two milligrams per kilogram. Prepare a home cage without any bedding and using a tripod adjust a camera so that it is directly over the home cage.Calibrate the camera so that the entire home cage is in the field of view. Weigh the mouse and inject intraperitoneally with the appropriate dose of either 0.9 percent saline or DOI. Place the mouse back in the home cage for ten minutes.After ten minutes, place the mouse into the center of the empty home cage, and ensure that there are no blind spots in the field of view of the camera. Press record on the camcorder and leave the room. After 30 minutes, stop the recording and place the mouse back in the original home cage.Repeat the behavioral test on the next mouse. Have the referee review the videos blind to the experimental conditions. Manually record every head twitch throughout the video.A head twitch is defined as a rapid shaking head movement conducted by a mouse. Process the data as outlined in the written portion of the protocol. Shown here is a representative image of HSV mediated transgene expression in the frontal cortex.HSV mGlu2 GFP was injected into the frontal cortex and GFP expression was revealed by immunocytochemistry. This scale bar represents 200 microns. This image shows a western blot of HSV mediated transgene expression and anti-mGlu2 reactivity in the frontal cortex of mGlu2 knockout mice.Here we measured immunoreactivity of mGlu2 as a monomer. This histogram shows that viral mediated expression of mGlu2, but not of chimeric mGlu2 in the frontal cortex of mGlu2 knockout mice significantly rescues the head twitch response induced by the hallucinogenic seratonin 2a receptor agonist DOI. The most critical steps with this experiment are the timing between the viral injections, the head twitch response, and when the mice are sacrificed.Any delay can alter the results of the experiment or introduce ambiguity into the data. Once mastered, the mouse surgery will take approximately 30 minutes to inject the virus. The head twitch experiment should also take approximately 35 minutes per mouse.Staggering surgeries, or operating on more than one mouse at a time is recommended. This way one can maintain a timeline that allows the head twitch experiments to be done in the three to four days after surgery which is the peak expression time of the viral construct. Thanks for watching and good luck with your experiment.

hsv-mediated-transgene-expression-chimeric-constructs-to-study

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