Name: protocol for the synthesis of ortho-trifluoromethoxylated aniline derivatives
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Wij erkennen royale start-up middelen van de State University van New York bij Stony Brook ter ondersteuning van dit werk. We danken ook TOSOH F-Tech, Inc. voor het verstrekken van ons TMSCF 3 reagens voor de synthese van Togni reagens II.

1. Precursor Voorbereiding: Synthese van methyl 4- (N -hydroxyacetamido) benzoaat (1a) <ol><li> Reductie van methyl-4-nitro- benzoaat. <ol><li> Voeg 5,00 g methyl-4-nitro- benzoaat (27,6 mmol, 1,00 equiv), 159 mg 5% rhodium op koolstof (Rh / C, 0,300 mol% Rh) en een magnetische roerstaaf in een oven gedroogde 250 ml twee- hals rondbodem kolf (gedroogd bij 150 ° C gedurende 18 uur). OPMERKING: Reagentia kunnen worden afgewogen onder omgevingsatmosfeer. Echter, de reactie moet onder sti...

<ol>
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M., Togni, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reactivity+of+a+hypervalent+iodine+trifluoromethylating+reagent+toward+THF:+ring+opening+and+formation+of+trifluoromethyl+ethers.">Reactivity of a hypervalent iodine trifluoromethylating reagent toward THF: ring opening and formation of trifluoromethyl ethers.</a> J. Org. Chem. 75, 1779-1782 (2010).</li><li>Manteau, B., Pazenok, S., Vors, J. P., Leroux, F. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+trends+in+the+chemistry+of+alpha-fluorinated+ethers,+thioethers,+amines+and+phosphines.">New trends in the chemistry of alpha-fluorinated ethers, thioethers, amines and phosphines.</a> J. Fluorine Chem. 131, 140-158 (2010).</li><li>Landelle, G., Panossian, A., Leroux, F. 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S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+method+for+the+introduction+of+trihalomethyl+groups+into+organic+molecules.">A new method for the introduction of trihalomethyl groups into organic molecules.</a> Zh. Obshch. Khim. 28, 2502-2504 (1958).</li><li>Yagupols, L., Troitskaya, V. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+of+phenyl+trifluoromethyl+ether+derivatives.">Synthesis of phenyl trifluoromethyl ether derivatives.</a> Zh. Obshch. Khim. 31, 915-924 (1961).</li><li>Yagupolskii, L. M., Orda, V. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bis(triftormetoksi+I+triftormetilmerkapto)-proizvodnye+benzola.">Bis(triftormetoksi I triftormetilmerkapto)-proizvodnye benzola.</a> Zh. 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Chem. 44, 2907-2910 (1979).</li><li>Salome, J., Mauger, C., Brunet, S., Schanen, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+conditions+and+activity+of+various+Lewis+acids+for+the+fluorination+of+trichloromethoxy-benzene+by+HF+in+liquid+phase.">Synthesis conditions and activity of various Lewis acids for the fluorination of trichloromethoxy-benzene by HF in liquid phase.</a> J. Fluorine Chem. 125, 1947-1950 (2004).</li><li>Sheppard, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alpha-Fluorinated+Ethers.+I.+Aryl+Fluoroalkyl+Ethers.">Alpha-Fluorinated Ethers. I. Aryl Fluoroalkyl Ethers.</a> J. Org. Chem. 29, 1-11 (1964).</li><li>Kuroboshi, M., Suzuki, K., Hiyama, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxidative+desulfurization-fluorination+of+xanthates+-+a+convenient+synthesis+of+trifluoromethyl+ethers+and+difluoro(methylthio)methyl+ethers.">Oxidative desulfurization-fluorination of xanthates - a convenient synthesis of trifluoromethyl ethers and difluoro(methylthio)methyl ethers.</a> Tetrahedron Lett. 33, 4173-4176 (1992).</li><li>Kanie, K., Tanaka, Y., Suzuki, K., Kuroboshi, M., Hiyama, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+convenient+synthesis+of+trifluoromethyl+ethers+by+oxidative+desulfurization-fluorination+of+dithio+carbonates.">A convenient synthesis of trifluoromethyl ethers by oxidative desulfurization-fluorination of dithio carbonates.</a> Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 73, 471-484 (2000).</li><li>Kuroboshi, M., Kanie, K., Hiyama, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxidative+desulfurization-fluorination:+A+facile+entry+to+a+wide+variety+of+organofluorine+compounds+leading+to+novel+liquid-crystalline+materials.">Oxidative desulfurization-fluorination: A facile entry to a wide variety of organofluorine compounds leading to novel liquid-crystalline materials.</a> Adv. Synth. Catal. 343, 235-250 (2001).</li><li>Umemoto, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrophilic+perfluoroalkylating+agents.">Electrophilic perfluoroalkylating agents.</a> Chem. Rev. 96, 1757-1777 (1996).</li><li>Umemoto, T., Adachi, K., Ishihara, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CF3+oxonium+salts,+O-(trifluoromethyl)dibenzofuranium+salts:+in+situ+synthesis,+properties,+and+application+as+a+real+CF3++species+reagent.">CF3 oxonium salts, O-(trifluoromethyl)dibenzofuranium salts: in situ synthesis, properties, and application as a real CF3+ species reagent.</a> J. Org. Chem. 72, 6905-6917 (2007).</li><li>Stanek, K., Koller, R., Togni, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reactivity+of+a+10-I-3+hypervalent+iodine+trifluoromethylation+reagent+with+phenols.">Reactivity of a 10-I-3 hypervalent iodine trifluoromethylation reagent with phenols.</a> J. Org. Chem. 73, 7678-7685 (2008).</li><li>Koller, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zinc-mediated+formation+of+trifluoromethyl+ethers+from+alcohols+and+hypervalent+iodine+trifluoromethylation+reagents.">Zinc-mediated formation of trifluoromethyl ethers from alcohols and hypervalent iodine trifluoromethylation reagents.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48, 4332-4336 (2009).</li><li>Trainor, G. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+preparation+of+O-trifluoromethyl+carbohydrates.">The preparation of O-trifluoromethyl carbohydrates.</a> J. Carbohydr. Chem. 4, 545-563 (1985).</li><li>Nishida, M., Vij, A., Kirchmeier, R. L., Shreeve, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+of+polyfluoro+aromatic+ethers+-+a+facile+route+using+polyfluoroalkoxides+generated+from+carbonyl+and+trimethysilyl+compounds.">Synthesis of polyfluoro aromatic ethers - a facile route using polyfluoroalkoxides generated from carbonyl and trimethysilyl compounds.</a> Inorg. Chem. 34, 6085-6092 (1995).</li><li>Kolomeitsev, A. A., Vorobyev, M., Gillandt, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Versatile+application+of+trifluoromethyl+triflate.">Versatile application of trifluoromethyl triflate.</a> Tetrahedron Lett. 49, 449-454 (2008).</li><li>Marrec, O., Billard, T., Vors, J. P., Pazenok, S., Langlois, B. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+deeper+insight+into+direct+trifluoromethoxylation+with+trifluoromethyl+triflate.">A deeper insight into direct trifluoromethoxylation with trifluoromethyl triflate.</a> J. Fluorine Chem. 131, 200-207 (2010).</li><li>Marrec, O., Billard, T., Vors, J. P., Pazenok, S., Langlois, B. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+and+direct+trifluoromethoxylation+of+aliphatic+substrates+with+2,4-dinitro(trifluoromethoxy)benzene.">A new and direct trifluoromethoxylation of aliphatic substrates with 2,4-dinitro(trifluoromethoxy)benzene.</a> Adv. Synth. Catal. 352, 2831-2837 (2010).</li><li>Huang, C. H., Liang, T., Harada, S., Lee, E., Ritter, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Silver-mediated+trifluoromethoxylation+of+aryl+stannanes+and+arylboronic+acids.">Silver-mediated trifluoromethoxylation of aryl stannanes and arylboronic acids.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 13308-13310 (2011).</li><li>Rozen, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+fluorinations+by+reagents+containing+the+OF+group.">Selective fluorinations by reagents containing the OF group.</a> Chem. Rev. 96, 1717-1736 (1996).</li><li>Venturini, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+trifluoro-methoxylation+of+aromatics+with+perfluoro-methyl-hypofluorite.">Direct trifluoro-methoxylation of aromatics with perfluoro-methyl-hypofluorite.</a> J. Fluorine Chem. 140, 43-48 (2012).</li><li>Hojczyk, K. N., Feng, P., Zhan, C., Ngai, M. -. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trifluoromethoxylation+of+arenes:+synthesis+of+ortho-trifluoromethoxylated+aniline+derivatives+by+OCF3+migration.">Trifluoromethoxylation of arenes: synthesis of ortho-trifluoromethoxylated aniline derivatives by OCF3 migration.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, 14559-14563 (2014).</li><li>Still, W. C., Kahn, M., Mitra, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+chromatographic+technique+for+preparative+separations+with+moderate+Resolution.">Rapid chromatographic technique for preparative separations with moderate Resolution.</a> J. Org. Chem. 43, 2923-2925 (1978).</li><li>Fiederling, N., Haller, J., Schramm, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Notification+about+the+Explosive+Properties+of+Togni's+Reagent+II+and+One+of+Its+Precursors.">Notification about the Explosive Properties of Togni's Reagent II and One of Its Precursors.</a> Org. Process Res. Dev. 17, 318-319 (2013).</li><li>Matousek, V., Pietrasiak, E., Schwenk, R., Togni, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=One-pot+synthesis+of+hypervalent+iodine+reagents+for+electrophilic+trifluoromethylation.">One-pot synthesis of hypervalent iodine reagents for electrophilic trifluoromethylation.</a> J. Org. Chem. 78, 6763-6768 (2013).</li></ol>

Door het ontbreken van algemene en gebruikersvriendelijke werkwijze voor de synthese van trifluoromethoxylated arenen veel OCF 3-bevattende aromatische verbindingen zijn extreem duur. 34 Onze strategie verdringt een brede functionele groep tolerantie en biedt een eenvoudige toegang tot verschillende trifluoromethoxylated arenes. Deze verbindingen kunnen waardevolle bouwstenen voor de ontdekking en ontwikkeling van nieuwe geneesmiddelen, landbouwchemicaliën en materialen dienen. <p class="jove_...

De trifluormethoxy (OCF 3) groep heeft een diepgaande invloed op het leven en materiaalkunde onderzoek sinds de eerste synthese van trifluoromethyl ether in 1935. 2 Door de unieke combinatie van hoge elektronegativiteit (χ = 3,7) 3 en uitstekende lipofiliteit (Π x = 1,04), 4 de trifluormethoxygroep heeft brede toepassingen in de geneeskunde, de landbouw, de industrie en materialen gevonden. 10/05 echter gemakkelijke invoering van het OCF 3 groep in organische moleculen, in het bijzonder aromatische verbindingen, blijft een grote uitdaging in de synthetische chemie. In de afgelopen decennia, de inspanningen om deze uitdaging aan te pakken heeft geleid tot de ontwikkeling van een handvol transformaties voor de synthese van trifluoromethoxylated arenen 5-7,9-11 Deze omvatten (i) chloor / fluor-uitwisseling over getrichloreerde voorlopers;. 1,12 -17 (ii) deoxyfluorination van fluoroformates; 18 </sup&gt; (iii) oxidatieve fluorodesulfurization; 19-21 (iv) electrofiele trifluoromethylation van alcoholen, 22-25 (v) nucleofiele trifluoromethoxylation, 26-30, (vi) overgangsmetaal gemedieerde trifluoromethoxylation van arylboraten en stannanen, 31 en (vii ) radicaal trifluoromethoxylation. 32,33 Desalniettemin zijn veel van deze benaderingen ofwel lijden aan slecht substraat scope of vereisen het gebruik van zeer toxisch en / of thermisch labiele reagentia. Daarom, vanwege het gebrek aan een algemene en gebruiksvriendelijke methode OCF 3-bevattende verbindingen te synthetiseren, het potentieel van de OCF 3-groep is niet volledig in de chemie benut. Als onderdeel van ons belang in trifluoromethoxylation reacties, 34 we hierin beschrijven een twee-staps protocol (dwz radicale O -trifluoromethylation en thermisch geïnduceerde OCF3 -migration) voor de synthese van methyl-4-aceetamido-3- (trifluormethoxy) benzoaat (3a) van methyl-4- (N -hydroxyacetamido) benzoaat (1a). De strategie is eenvoudig te bedienen en die voor de synthese van uiteenlopende ortho -trifluoromethoxylated anilinederivaten.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="573">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">5% Rhodium on carbon</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Aspira Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">300835</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">5% wt% dry loading</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">hydrazine monohydrate</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma-Alderich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13696HMV</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Reagent grade, 98%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Acetyl chloride</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10176887</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">98%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">134826</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Chemical pure</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Cesium carbonate</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12887</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">99.9%, metals basis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="148">
			<td height="148" style="height:148px;width:216px;">Togni Reagent II</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Prepared according to the literature procedure (ref 37). Caution: Pure Togni reagent II is impact and friction sensitive, treat it with great care (see ref. 36).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:216px;">Tetrahydrofuran</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BDH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BDH1149-4LG</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Distilled from deep purple sodium benzophenone ketyl.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:216px;">Diethyl Ether</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">148221</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Distilled from deep purple sodium benzophenone ketyl.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:216px;">Chloroform</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">141739</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Dried over CaH2 and distilled</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:216px;">nitro methane</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">J03z053</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Dried over CaSO4 and distilled</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Silica gel</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">SILICYCLE</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">60514</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">40-63 &#181;m (230-400 mesh)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">Cilite</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">EMD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2012040674</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Not acid washed</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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protocol for the synthesis of ortho-trifluoromethoxylated aniline derivatives

Moleculen lager trifluormethoxy (OCF 3) groep vaak tonen gewenste farmacologische en biologische eigenschappen. Echter, facile synthese van trifluoromethoxylated aromatische verbindingen blijft een geweldige uitdaging in de organische synthese. Conventionele benaderingen hebben vaak last van slecht substraat scope of vereisen het gebruik van zeer giftige, moeilijk te hanteren en / of thermisch labiele reagentia. Hierin beschrijven we een gebruikersvriendelijke protocol voor de synthese van methyl-4-aceetamido-3- (trifluormethoxy) benzoaat gebruikt 1-trifluormethyl-1,2-benziodoxol-3 (1H) -on (Togni reagens II). Behandeling methyl-4- (N -hydroxyacetamido) benzoaat (1a) met Togni reagens II in aanwezigheid van een katalytische hoeveelheid cesiumcarbonaat (Cs 2 CO 3) in chloroform bij kamertemperatuur leverde methyl-4- (N - (trifluormethoxy) acetamido) benzoaat (2a). Dit tussenproduct werd vervolgens omgezet in het eindproduct methyl 4-aceetamido-3- (trifluoromethoxy) benzoaat (3a) in nitromethaan bij 120 ° C. Deze procedure is algemeen en kan worden toegepast op de synthese van een breed spectrum van ortho -trifluoromethoxylated aniline-derivaten, die als nuttige synthetische bouwstenen kunnen dienen voor de ontdekking en ontwikkeling van geneesmiddelen, agrochemicaliën en functionele materialen.

Methyl-4- (N -hydroxyacetamido) benzoaat (1a) gesynthetiseerd in 92% geïsoleerde opbrengst door middel van een tweestaps procedure (dat wil zeggen vermindering methyl 4-nitrobenzoaat met hydrazine middels 5% Rh / C als katalysator, hetgeen methyl-4- (vormen N -hydroxyamino) benzoaat, gevolgd door acetyl bescherming van het verkregen hydroxylamine). O- Trifluoromethylation van 1a met Togni reagens II in aanwezigheid va...

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Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protocol voor de synthese van<em&gt; Ortho</em&gt; -trifluoromethoxylated anilinederivaten

An operationally simple procedure for the synthesis of ortho-trifluoromethoxylated aniline derivatives via a two-step sequence of O-trifluoromethylation of N-aryl-N-hydroxyacetamide followed by thermally induced intramolecular OCF3-migration is reported.

Molecules bearing trifluoromethoxy (OCF3) group often show desired pharmacological and biological properties. However, facile synthesis of ...

The overall goal of this protocol is to synthesize novel ortho-trifluoromethoxylated anilines with the discovery and development of new drugs, agrochemicals, and functional materials. This method can help to answer key questions in the field of foreign chemistry such as how incorporation of trifluoromethoxy group into a molecule effects its physical, chemical, and biological properties. The main advantage of this technique that our method uses easy-to-handle reagents.It's amendable to gram-scale synthesized and it has broad substrate scope and high tolerance of functional groups. For the reduction of methyl 4-nitrobenzoate, add 5.00 grams of methyl 4-nitrobenzoate, 159 milligrams of 5%Rhodium on carbon, and a magnetic stir-bar into an oven-dried 250 milliliter two-neck round-bottom flask. Connect one neck of the flask to a nitrogen-vacuum manifold and cap the other neck with a septum.Perform three vacuum-refill cycles to replace the air in the flask with nitrogen gas, then add 138 milliliters of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran to the reaction flask using an airtight syringe. Cool and stir the reaction mixture at zero degrees Celsius for 15 minutes. Next, add 1.47 milliliters of hydrazine monohydrate drop-wise to the reaction mixture at zero degrees Celsius using an airtight syringe.At this point, Rhodium on carbon will start aggregation to form larger particles. Monitor the reaction using thin-layer chromatography or TLC. Use a mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate as an element to develop the TLC.When methyl 4-nitrobenzoate is completely consumed, filter the reaction mixture through a short pad of Celite in a 60 milliliter frit Buchner funnel using vacuum filtration. Wash the filter with 20 milliliters of ethyl acetate three times. Concentrate the filtrate in vacuo using a rotary evaporator to afford the crude methyl 4-hydroxyamino benzoate which is used directly without further purification.To perform acetyl protection of methyl 4-hydroxyamino benzoate, add 2.55 grams of sodium bicarbonate, all the crude methyl 4-hydroxyamino benzoate obtained in the previous step, and a stir-bar into an oven-dried 500 milliliter two-neck round-bottom flask. Cap one neck with a septum, and connect another neck to a nitrogen-vacuum manifold. Perform three vacuum-refill cycles to replace the air in the flask with nitrogen gas.Add 138 milliliters of anhydrous diethyl ether to the reaction flask using an airtight syringe. Cool and stir the reaction mixture at zero degrees Celsius for 15 minutes. Prepare a solution of 2.17 milliliters of acetyl chloride and 138 milliliters of anhydrous diethyl ether.Add the solution to the reaction mixture at zero degrees Celsius using a syringe pump at a rate of 10.0 milliliters per hour. At the end of the addition, filter the reaction mixture through a short pad of Celite in a 16 milliliter frit Buchner funnel using vacuum filtration. After washing the filter with 20 milliliters of ethyl acetate three times, concentrate the filtrate in vacuo using a rotary evaporator.Purify the crude product with flash-column chromatography eluting with a mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate to afford 5.31 grams of methyl 4-hydroxy acetamido benzoate as a light yellow solid. Add 2.00 grams of methyl 4-hydroxy acetamido benzoate, 311 milligrams of cesium carbonate 3.63 grams of Togni reagent II, and a magnetic stir-bar into an oven-dried 250 milliliter round-bottom flask inside a glove box. This reaction can also be performed using Schlenk techniques outside the glove box, then add 95.6 milliliters of dried and degassed chloroform to the reaction flask.Cap the flask with a septum and stir the reaction mixture at 23 degrees Celsius under nitrogen atmosphere either inside or outside the glove box for 16 hours. Filter the reaction mixture through a filter funnel to remove any solid residue before concentrating the filtrate in vacuo using a rotary evaporator. Next, purify the crude product using flash-column chromatography eluting with a mixture of hexane and dichloromethane to afford 2.51 grams of methyl 4-trifluoromethoxy acetamido benzoate To synthesize the final product at 2.51 grams of methyl 4-trifluoromethoxy acetamido benzoate, a magnetic stir-bar, and 9.05 milliliters of anhydrous nitromethane into a 15 milliliter pressure vessel.Cap the vessel with a screw cap, stir the reaction mixture at 120 degree Celsius behind the safety shield for 20 hours. After cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature, transfer to a 100 milliliter round-bottom flask. Concentrate the reaction mixture in vacuo using a rotary evaporator.Purify the crude product with flash-column chromatography eluding with a mixture of hexanes and ethyl acetate to afford 2.13 grams of methyl 4-acetamido 3-trifluoromethoxy benzoate. Characterize all the new compounds by proton-carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance or NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectroscopy. Use fluorine-19 NMR spectroscopy to characterize compounds containing fluorine atoms.Representative results of Togni reagent II mediated intermolecular trifluoromethoxylation of arenes are shown here. This protocol is general and applicable to a wide array of aromatic compounds. The reaction tolerates a broad spectrum of functional groups.In addition, high levels of ortho over para selectivity are observed, for example, substrates, 3f, 3k, and 3l. In the presence of two non-identical ortho positions, low levels of Regio-control are obtained as in substrates, 3d.3e. 3k, and 3m.Furthermore, the reaction temperature for the trifluoromethoxy migration step depends on the electronic nature of the arenes. Generally, more electron-deficient arenes require higher reaction temperature. After its development, this technique paved the way for researchers in the field of chemistry and biology to explore trifluoromethoxylated arenes, and the discovery, and the development of new technique molecules.

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Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

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