Name: measuring pressure volume loops in the mouse
Uploaded: 2016-05-02T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Pressure Volume Loops in the Mouse at JoVE.com

Forfatteren vil gerne anerkende finansiering fra NHLBI (K08 HL102066 og R01 HL114832).

Inden du udfører nogen af ​​procedurerne i denne protokol, opnå godkendelse af den lokale institutionelle dyr pleje og brug udvalg. 1. Opsætning af Experimental Rig Bemærk: Denne procedure udføres på bedøvede dyr og kvaliteten af dataene er proportional med kvaliteten af den anæstetiske støtte, der tilbydes til dyret. Denne første afsnit vil detaljer udstyr og procedurer er nødvendige for at give bedøvelse til musen, mens de udføre...

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Der er tre kritiske trin i denne procedure: 1) anbringelse af endotrachealrøret og passende ventilation, 2) placering af jugular IV-kateter, og 3) den korrekte placering af PV-kateter i den venstre ventrikel. Fastsættelse af passende åndedrætsværn sats er en vigtig del af at yde ventilatorisk støtte. Bevidste mus generelt opretholde alveolær ventilation med hurtige lavvandede vejrtrækninger. Generelt vil ventilerede mus har meget større tidalvolumener. Således kræves der en langsommere respirationsfrekvens. D...

Hjerte-kar-sygdom fortsætter med at være en væsentlig årsag til sygelighed og dødelighed i hele verden 1. Sygdomme i hjerte præsentere særligt vanskelige udfordringer i udviklingen af ​​nye behandlingsformer. Fremskridt i genetik giver mulighed for at identificere et væld af potentielle genetiske bidragydere til udviklingen af ​​hjertesygdomme. Den integrerende karakter af det kardiovaskulære system kræver, at disse genetiske mål valideres i intakte dyremodeller. De genetiske fleksibilitet og lav boligudgifter af muse har bragt det til spidsen for vurdering af den fysiologiske rolle af et givet gen. Den lille størrelse af musen præsenterer nogle unikke udfordringer for vurdering af hjertefunktionen. Der er flere modaliteter, der kan give oplysninger om hjertefunktion, men kun den samtidige måling af ventrikulær tryk og volumen tillader tryk-volumen (PV) sløjfe analyse af ventrikulær funktion. PV loops alleow hjertefunktion skal analyseres uafhængigt af dets forbindelse til vaskulaturen; en vigtig faktor for funktionelle rolle af en bestemt genetisk element. Vurderingen af tryk-volumen loops er blevet brugt både eksperimentelt og klinisk i mange år og omfattende litteratur eksisterer vedrørende analysen af disse datasæt 2,3. Tilpasningen af PV loop teknologi til musen har været en vigtig fremgang for forståelsen af murine hjerte-fysiologi 4-6. Kateter baseret PV loop teknologier par en tryktransducer og brugen af ​​konduktans at estimere ventrikulær volumen. Den ventrikulære volumen bestemmes ved at undersøge ændringer i et elektrisk felt genereret af kateteret. Denne metode modeller ventriklen som en cylinder, er hvis højde er defineret af afstanden mellem elektroderne på kateteret og radius beregnes fra ledning af et elektrisk felt gennem blod iventriklen 7-9. Konduktanssignalet målt ved kateteret har to komponenter. Den første er den ledning gennem blodet; dette varierer med volumenet af ventriklen og udgør det primære signal anvendes til at bestemme ventrikulær volumen. Den anden komponent skyldes ledning gennem og langs væggen af ​​ventriklen. Dette kaldes parallel konduktans og skal fjernes, for at bestemme den absolutte ventrikulære volumen. Der er to kommercielt tilgængelige systemer til indsamling af pres-volume data i forskningslaboratorium og den anvendte metode til at beregne og fjern parallelkonduktansen er den primære forskel mellem dem 6,10,11. Konduktans katetre kræver injektion af hypertonisk saltvand til beregning af parallelkonduktansen. Denne injektion transient ændrer ledningsevnen af ​​blod i ventriklen, medens ledningsevnen af ​​væggen forbliver konstant. Ud fra disse data er det muligt at bestemme denkomponent af konduktanssignalet, der stammer fra blodet og hvad der kommer fra den ventrikulære væg. Denne fremgangsmåde forudsætter, at parallelkonduktans ikke varierer i løbet af hjertecyklussen. Optagelse Metoden bygger på ændringer fase i det elektriske felt til at vurdere bidraget af den ventrikulære væg til den samlede mængde signal. Denne metode bygger på en række forudbestemte konstanter for konduktiviteten af ​​blodet og myocardium at bestemme det endelige rumfang, men gør kontinuerlige målinger af parallelkonduktans under hjertecyklussen. Begge disse systemer giver gode estimater af venstre ventrikel volumen og forskellene mellem dem er ikke sandsynligt, at være fysiologisk signifikant. Den cylindriske model af ventriklen og andre forudsætninger gøre disse kateter tilgange ikke så nøjagtige som andre modaliteter, men disse data er tilvejebragt på et beat-by-beat grundlag, der er afgørende for vurderingen af ​​belastning uafhængige målinger af hjertefunktion. Fremgangsmåden er skitseret her, bruges i mit laboratorium og har leveret data for en lang række undersøgelser der undersøger de grundlæggende patofysiologiske mekanismer dystrofisk kardiomyopati 12-18. Den ovenfor skitserede procedure er en af ​​to, der kan anvendes til opnåelse af PV loop data. Mens mange af de principper, der gælder for begge tilgang, vil denne protokol fokusere på en åben kiste apikal tilgang; en lukket kiste protokol er blevet beskrevet andetsteds 19,20. Mens proceduren vil blive beskrevet detaljeret, de vigtige overordnede principper er at blotlægge hjertet med minimal skade på enten hjertet eller lungerne. Hele protokollen er det vigtigt at huske, at dette er et ikke-overlevelse procedure, og at have en god eksponering af hjertet er kritisk vigtigt for den korrekte placering af katetret.

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	<tbody>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Dumont 5/45 (2)</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11251-33</td>
			<td style="width:63px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Vessel Dilating Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">18153-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Castroviejo Micro Dissecting Spring Scissor</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Roboz Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RS-5668</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Octogon Forceps - Serrated/Curved</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11041-08</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Octogon Forceps - Serrated/Straight</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11040-08</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Dissector Scissors- Heavy Blade</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14082-09</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Transpore Surgical Tape</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1527-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">3-0 Silk Suture</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">18020-30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">TOPO Ventilator</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TOPO</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Martin ME 102 Electrosurgical Unit</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PY2 72-2484</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Syringe Pump</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Lucca Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">GenieTouch</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Stereomicroscope with boom stand</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SMZ-800N</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Thermocouple Thermometer</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Cole Parmer</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">EW-91100-40</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">T/Pump Warm Water Recirculator</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TP-700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">ADVantage Pressure-Volume System</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Transonic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ADV500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Data Acquision and Analysis</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">DSI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Ponemah ACQ-16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

measuring pressure volume loops in the mouse

Forståelse af årsagerne og progression af hjertesygdom udgør en stor udfordring for den biomedicinske samfund. Den genetiske fleksibilitet af musen giver store muligheder for at udforske hjertefunktionen på det molekylære niveau. Musen lille størrelse gør præsentere nogle udfordringer i forhold til at udføre detaljerede hjerte-fænotypebestemmelse. Miniaturisering og andre fremskridt inden for teknologi har gjort mange metoder til mulige vurdering af hjertefunktionen i musen. Af disse samtidig samling af tryk og volumen data giver et detaljeret billede af hjertefunktionen, der ikke er tilgængelige via andre aktiviteter. Her en detaljeret procedure for indsamling af loop data tryk-volumen er beskrevet. Inkluderet er en diskussion af principperne bag målingerne og de potentielle fejlkilder. Bedøvelsesmiddel ledelse og kirurgiske metoder diskuteres i detaljer, da de er både afgørende for at opnå høj kvalitet hæmodynamisk målings. Principperne for hæmodynamisk protokol udvikling og relevante aspekter af dataanalyse er ligeledes omfattet.

Konventionelt er volumen plottet på X-aksen og tryk på Y-aksen som i figur 1. Tryk- volumen sløjfer følger plotte tryk mod volumen skal ligne et rektangel, lodrette kanter, der repræsenterer iso-volumetrisk ændringer i tryk (dvs., når både mitral og aorta ventiler er lukket). Den nederste vandrette repræsenterer ventrikulær fyldning gennem mitralklappen og den øverste vandrette del repræsenterer ventrikulær tømning gennem aortaklappen. I et sundt v...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Pressure Volume Loops in the Mouse at JoVE.com

Measuring Pressure Volume Loops in the Mouse

Dette håndskrift beskriver en detaljeret protokol for indsamling af pres-volume data fra musen.

Måling af tryk Volume Loops i Mus

Understanding the causes and progression of heart disease presents a significant challenge to the biomedical community. The genetic flexibility of the ...

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The mouse isolated perfused kidney (MIPK) is a technique for keeping a mouse kidney under ex vivo conditions perfused and functional for 1 hr. This is a ...