Name: clinicopathological analysis of mirna expression in breast cancer tissues by using mirna in situ hybridization
Uploaded: 2016-06-07T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the NIH grant (5R01 CA178386-03) and the USC ASPIRE-1 grant to HC. We would like to thank Vrushab Gowda for his assistance with manuscript.

Bu çalışma Kurumsal Gözden Chonnam Ulusal Üniversitesi Hwasun Hastanesi Yönetim Kurulu ve Güney Carolina Üniversitesi tarafından onaylanmıştır. Meme kanseri ve eşleşen bitişik normal meme doku oluşan TMA örnekleri Chonnam Ulusal Üniversitesi Hwasun Hastanesi, Kore Biobank Ağının bir üye Biobank tarafından temin edildi. 1. Solüsyon Hazırlama <ol><li> DNaz ve RNaz içermeyen su 1 L hazırlayın. diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) arıtılmış su kullanan tüm kimyasal çö...

<ol>
	<li>Shah, N. R., Chen, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNAs+in+pathogenesis+of+breast+cancer:+Implications+in+diagnosis+and+treatment.">MicroRNAs in pathogenesis of breast cancer: Implications in diagnosis and treatment.</a> World J Clin Oncol. 5, 48-60 (2014).</li><li>Tang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=miR-185+suppresses+tumor+proliferation+by+directly+targeting+E2F6+and+DNMT1+and+indirectly+upregulating+BRCA1+in+triple-negative+breast+cancer.">miR-185 suppresses tumor proliferation by directly targeting E2F6 and DNMT1 and indirectly upregulating BRCA1 in triple-negative breast cancer.</a> Mol Cancer Ther. 13, 3185-3197 (2014).</li><li>Ye, X. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epigenetic+silencing+of+miR-375+induces+trastuzumab+resistance+in+HER2-positive+breast+cancer+by+targeting+IGF1R.">Epigenetic silencing of miR-375 induces trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer by targeting IGF1R.</a> BMC Cancer. 14, 134 (2014).</li><li>Oneyama, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA-mediated+downregulation+of+mTOR/FGFR3+controls+tumor+growth+induced+by+Src-related+oncogenic+pathways.">MicroRNA-mediated downregulation of mTOR/FGFR3 controls tumor growth induced by Src-related oncogenic pathways.</a> Oncogene. 30, 3489-3501 (2011).</li><li>McGuire, A., Brown, J. A., Kerin, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metastatic+breast+cancer:+the+potential+of+miRNA+for+diagnosis+and+treatment+monitoring.">Metastatic breast cancer: the potential of miRNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.</a> Cancer Metastasis Rev. 34, 145-155 (2015).</li><li>Quesne, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biological+and+prognostic+associations+of+miR-205+and+let-7b+in+breast+cancer+revealed+by+in+situ+hybridization+analysis+of+micro-RNA+expression+in+arrays+of+archival+tumour+tissue.">Biological and prognostic associations of miR-205 and let-7b in breast cancer revealed by in situ hybridization analysis of micro-RNA expression in arrays of archival tumour tissue.</a> J Pathol. 227, 306-314 (2012).</li><li>Fernandez, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=miR-340+inhibits+tumor+cell+proliferation+and+induces+apoptosis+by+targeting+multiple+negative+regulators+of+p27+in+non-small+cell+lung+cancer.">miR-340 inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting multiple negative regulators of p27 in non-small cell lung cancer.</a> Oncogene. 34, 3240-3250 (2015).</li><li>Yu, L., Zhang, J., Guo, X., Li, Z., Zhang, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA-224+upregulation+and+AKT+activation+synergistically+predict+poor+prognosis+in+patients+with+hepatocellular+carcinoma.">MicroRNA-224 upregulation and AKT activation synergistically predict poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.</a> Cancer Epidemiol. 38, 408-413 (2014).</li><li>Li, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=microRNA-146+up-regulation+predicts+the+prognosis+of+non-small+cell+lung+cancer+by+miRNA+in+situ+hybridization.">microRNA-146 up-regulation predicts the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer by miRNA in situ hybridization.</a> Exp Mol Pathol. 96, 195-199 (2014).</li><li>Kriegel, A. J., Liang, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA+in+situ+hybridization+for+formalin+fixed+kidney+tissues.">MicroRNA in situ hybridization for formalin fixed kidney tissues.</a> J Vis Exp. , e50785 (2013).</li><li>Ucar, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=miR-212+and+miR-132+are+required+for+epithelial+stromal+interactions+necessary+for+mouse+mammary+gland+development.">miR-212 and miR-132 are required for epithelial stromal interactions necessary for mouse mammary gland development.</a> Nat Genet. 42, 1101-1108 (2010).</li><li>Nuovo, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+detection+of+microRNAs+in+paraffin+embedded,+formalin+fixed+tissues+and+the+co-localization+of+their+putative+targets.">In situ detection of microRNAs in paraffin embedded, formalin fixed tissues and the co-localization of their putative targets.</a> Methods. 52, 307-315 (2010).</li><li>Kierzek, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+influence+of+locked+nucleic+acid+residues+on+the+thermodynamic+properties+of+2'-O-methyl+RNA/RNA+heteroduplexes.">The influence of locked nucleic acid residues on the thermodynamic properties of 2'-O-methyl RNA/RNA heteroduplexes.</a> Nucleic Acids Res. 33, 5082-5093 (2005).</li><li>Fischer, A. H., Jacobson, K. A., Rose, J., Zeller, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paraffin+embedding+tissue+samples+for+sectioning.">Paraffin embedding tissue samples for sectioning.</a> CSH Protoc. 2008, (2008).</li><li>Li, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequential+expression+of+miR-182+and+miR-503+cooperatively+targets+FBXW7,+contributing+to+the+malignant+transformation+of+colon+adenoma+to+adenocarcinoma.">Sequential expression of miR-182 and miR-503 cooperatively targets FBXW7, contributing to the malignant transformation of colon adenoma to adenocarcinoma.</a> J Pathol. 234, 488-501 (2014).</li></ol>

Bu çalışmanın amacı, in situ hibridizasyon miRNA kullanarak meme kanseri dokularında MiRNA ekspresyon seviyesini belirlemek için yapıldı. Deneyde, tüm koşullar meme kanseri dokusu için optimize olduğu not edilmelidir. Ayrıntılı optimizasyon diğer doku tipleri için gerekli olabilir. Bütün çözeltiler DEPC su ile yapılmalıdır ve kaplar DEPC işlenmiş, su ile durulandı ve daha sonra otoklavlanmalıdır kullanılır. Hatta hafif RNaz kirlenme deney nihai sonucu etkileyebilir. MiRNA çok k?...

Meme kanseri dünya genelinde kadın nüfusu etkileyen en yaygın maligniteler arasında yer alıyor. Meme kanseri 1.3 milyon vaka dünya çapında 1,2 yılda bildirilmektedir. Tümör hücreleri, geleneksel biyolojik homojen ve yüksek proliferatif olarak kabul edilmiş olmasına rağmen, meme kanseri genetik ve klinik heterojen olduğunu belirgin hale gelmiştir. Yaygın antikanser ilaçlara direnç kanser ilerleme ve mesafe metastazı 3 onun kolaylaştırılması yoluyla hastaların çoğunluğunda mortaliteye neden ilerlemiş meme kanserlerinin bir özelliğidir. MikroRNA&#39;lar (miRNA&#39;ların) mRNA translasyonunu bloke veya mRNA bozulmasını 4 aracılık gen ekspresyonunu düzenleyen yaklaşık 22 nükleotid uzunluğunda küçük RNA molekülleri sınıfıdır. 2.000 &#39;den fazla farklı miRNA&#39;lar kadar insan hastalıkları 5 ile bağlantılı olan, insanları tespit edilmiştir. çalışmalar artan bir dizi havE miRNA&#39;lar onkojenlerin ve tümörleri giderici olarak işlev görebilir ve genellikle tümör 6 düzensiz olduğunu göstermiştir. miRNA&#39;lar kuvvetle tümör hücre hareketi, invazyon ve metastaz 7 olanlarla birlikte hücre döngüsü ilerlemesinin, yaşlanma, apoptoz ve otofaji önemli regülatörleri kontrol ederek birincil tümörogenez tüm etkileyebilir. Aberrant miRNA ifade aynı zamanda sahne, farklılaşma, prognozu ve adjuvan tedavi 8 yanıt olarak klinik etkileri ile ilişkili olmuştur. Özellikle, miR-146 ifadesi akciğer kanserli hastalarda 9 kötü prognoz ile ilişkilidir arttı. Başka bir çalışmada, miRNA let7b kayıp sentezleme Sonuç olarak, zayıf yaşama 6, habis fenotipler ile bağlantılı ve göstermiştir. miRNA&#39;lar ifade eden hücrelerin ve yapı türlerini anlamak olduğunu mekaniğini anlamak önemli bir parçası geçtiği miRNA ifade etkisi hücrede değişiklikler veDoku 10 fenotip. stromal hücrelerde salgılandığı bulunmuştur belirli miRNA&#39;ların epitel hücreleri tarafından alınır ve özel olarak hedef doğrultusunda hareket edilir. Aynı şekilde, miR-212 ve miR-132 meme bezi gelişimi sırasında 11 duktal büyümesi için gerekli epitel-stromal etkileşimleri stroma tarafından salgılanan ve regüle edilir. Bu çalışmanın genel amacı in situ hibridizasyon miRNA ile meme kanseri dokularında miRNA ifade algılamak için ayrıntılı bir protokol açıklamaktır. Biz meme kanseri hasta örneklerinde miRNA 489 ifadesinin seviyelerini analiz etmek için tüm şartları optimize ettik. Bu amaçla, işaretlenmiş DIG eden deneyde nükleik asit (LNA) prob kilitli kullanılır. Bunu nükleotid bazı, yani, bir LNA modifikasyonu sahip 2 &#39;, oksijen atomu ve 4&#39; de hibridizasyon sonrası &quot;yerine kilitli&quot; kalacak şekilde nükleotidi giderir riboz omurga karbon atomu bağlayan bir metilen köprüsü. Bunun bir sonucu olarak, çok daha zorhibridize kompleksi 12,13 denatüre etmek için.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="661">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">ELF-97</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Life technology&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E6604</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">50X Denhard&#39;t&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Life technology&#160;</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">750018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">t-RNA</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Roche</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">109541</td>
			<td>Reconstitute in DEPC water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Herring Sperm DNA</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Promega&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D1815</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Roche Blocking&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Roche</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">11096176001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">RVC</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-812-650</td>
			<td>Before use spin down it at 16.1 RCF and take supernatant&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">miR-489 probe&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Exiqon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">38599-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Nuclease free BSA</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Roche&#160;</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">711454</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Primary antibody-anti DIG</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Roche&#160;</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">11093274910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Diethyl Pyrocarbonate&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Sigma</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">1609478</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

clinicopathological analysis of mirna expression in breast cancer tissues by using mirna in situ hybridization

In this article, we describe a detailed protocol for miRNA detection in breast cancer tissue using in situ hybridization with a digoxigenin-labelled LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid) probe. The probe was recognized by anti-DIG alkaline phosphatase antibodies and later developed using alkaline phosphatase substrate producing fluorescence signals. Here we utilized miRNA in situ hybridization (MISH) technique to analyze expression of miR-489 in tissues from breast cancer patients. This technique can detect the localization of miRNA of interest in individual tissue samples. This technique can be used to compare the expression of desired miRNA in tumor tissue with that in adjacent normal tissue and to identify the specific structures responsible for expressing this miRNA. This technique can be very useful in answering certain clinical questions, such as role of specific miRNA in the development of cancer. Our results indicate that mammary epithelial cells express significantly higher levels of miR-489 than adjacent tumor cells.

İnsan göğüs kanseri dokusu miRNA 489 ekspresyonunu belirlemek için kullanılmıştır. Meme bezi kanalı ve epitel hücreler bitişik iki hastada tümör dokusunda (Şekil 1A ve 1B) önemli ölçüde daha yüksek MiRNA-489 seviyelerini ifade bulunmuştur. Bu açıkça miRNA 489 ifadesi miRNA 489 tümör baskılayıcı aktivite düşündüren, tümör dokusunda kayıp olduğunu göstermektedir. daha da aynı hastadan alınan, bu sonuçlar, tümör do...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization at JoVE.com

Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization

Here we present a protocol to detect miRNA expression in breast cancer patient samples using miRNA in situ hybridization.

miRNA kullanarak Meme Kanseri Dokularındaki miRNA İfade Klinikopatolojik Analizi<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Melezleme

In this article, we describe a detailed protocol for miRNA detection in breast cancer tissue using in situ hybridization with a digoxigenin-labelled LNA ...

The overall goal of this Micro RNA In Situ Hybridization is to detect the localization of the Micro RNA of interest in breast cancer tissue. So the message can answer the key question in breast cancer field. Such as the was the micro RNA of interest is unclear or tumor suppressant.The major advantage of this technique is that it can detect cellular nuclearization of of interest in breast cancer tissue. Begin tissue preparation by removing paraffin from previously prepared breast tissue sections. Immerse the slides into a Coplin jar in fresh Xyline two times for ten minutes each.Re-hydrate the tissue section with incubations in decreasing concentrations of ethanol in double distilled water for five minutes each. Next, immerse the tissue in diethylpyrocarbonate or DEPC treated water for five minutes. While the tissue is immersed make boundaries around the tissue section with a hydrophobic barrier pen.After the DEPC immersion, fix the tissue with 4%PFA for 15 minutes. Follow the fixation with a PBS wash. Then, immerse the tissue in 0.3%Triton X-100 in PBS for ten minutes.Incubate the sample with 50 micrograms per microliter of Proteinase K solution for 15 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius. Then incubate the tissue sections with triethanolamine and acetic anhydride for five minutes at room temperature. And follow with a PBS wash.Wash the tissue thoroughly. And incubate the tissue section with 120 microliters of hybridization buffer for two hours at room temperature. Next, dilute the five prime DIG labeled NLA probe to a final concentration of 3 picamolar in 120 microliters of hybridization solution.Then add three microliters of 40 nanograms per microliter stock to the 120 microliters of hybridization buffer. And incubate the mixture at 95 degrees Celsius for five minutes. Insert the tissue section into a ten by eight inch container and cover the tissue with 120 microliters of the probe so that it is completely covered.Wet two paper towels and cover the container to create a humidity chamber. Incubate the tissue section overnight at 54 degrees Celsius. After hybridization, wash the tissue with five X saline sodium citrate buffer or SSC for seven minutes at 57 degrees Celsius.Next, wash the tissue section with one X SSC twice. And wash the tissue section with 0.2 X SSC. Then, wash the tissue section with 0.2 X SSC for seven minutes at room temperature.Incubate the tissue section in PBS for ten minutes. Incubate the tissue section with blocking buffer at room temperature for one hour in a humid chamber. Dilute the anti DIG AP antibody one to 300 in blocking buffer.And incubate the tissue section with the antibody at 4 degrees Celsius overnight. The next day, wash the sections with wash buffer three times for five minutes each. Follow the ELF 97 commercial kit instructions to develop the tissue section with alkaline phosphatase that produces size three fluorescent light.Next, wash the section with wash buffer for five minutes. Stain the section with 100 microliters of 2.5 nanograms per microliter Hoeshct dye for five minutes. And follow the stain with a five minute wash with wash buffer.Use 15 microliters of mounting buffer per tissue section. And wipe excessive mounting solution with a tissue wipe. Then, seal the slide with clear nail polish to prevent leaking.Finally observe the section with a fluorescent microscope at a total magnification of 100 X.Human breast cancer tissue from two patients was used to determine Micro RNA 489 expression. Memory gland duct and epithelial cells were found to express significantly higher Micro RNA 489 levels than adjacent tumor tissue. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to perform Micro RNA In Sito hybridization by using breast cancer patient samples.

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization

Oral Biofilm Analysis of Palatal Expanders by Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

Floresan In-Situ Hibridizasyon ve Konfokal Lazer Tarama Mikroskopi Palatal Genişleticilerden Oral Biyofilm Analizi

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of natural heterogeneous biofilm is today facilitated by a comprehensive range of staining techniques, one of ...

Tıp

Multi-modal Imaging of Angiogenesis in a Nude Rat Model of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Volumetric Computed Tomography and Ultrasound

Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme, Volumetrik Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ve Ultrason Kullanımı Meme Kanseri Kemik metastazı bir Nude Rat Model Angiogenezis Multi-modal Görüntüleme

Angiogenesis is an essential feature of cancer growth and metastasis formation. In bone metastasis, angiogenic factors are pivotal for tumor cell ...

Profiling of Estrogen-regulated MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells

Meme Kanseri Hücrelerinde östrojen düzenlenmiş microRNA profil

Estrogen plays vital roles in mammary gland development and breast cancer progression. It mediates its function by binding to and activating the estrogen ...

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional (3D) Model

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional 3D Model

Üç boyutlu (3D) Modeli Kullanılarak Meme Kanseri Hücre invazivliğinin Kantitasyonu

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the ...

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

Farelerde Taksanlar Farmakokinetik ve Farmakodinamik Analiz Karotis Arter İnfüzyonlar

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

Mammosphere Formation Assay from Human Breast Cancer Tissues and Cell Lines

İnsan Göğüs Kanseri dokuları ve hücre hatlarından gelen Mammosphere Oluşumu Testi

Similar to healthy tissues, many blood and solid malignancies are now thought to be organised hierarchically, with a subset of stem-like cancer cells that ...

In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Study Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Colonization of Milky Spot Structures in Peritoneal Adipose

In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Study Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Colonization of Milky Spot Structures in Peritoneal Adipose

Vivo ve Ex Vivo Periton yağ içinde Samanyolu Nokta Yapıların Yumurtalık Kanseri Metastatik Kolonizasyon Eğitim Yaklaşımlar içinde

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), the cause of widespread peritoneal metastases, continues to have an extremely poor prognosis; fewer than 30% of ...

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies

Pankreas Kanseri Yeni Tedavi Stratejileri Geliştirme Hücre Özellikleri Kök incelenmesi

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) contains a subset of exclusively tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) which have been shown to drive tumor ...

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Prostat Kanseri Klinik Dokularındaki miRNA İfade Analizleri

A critical challenge in prostate cancer (PCa) clinical management is posed by the inadequacy of currently used biomarkers for disease screening, ...

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Meme Kanserinde Östrojen Reseptör Sinyali tarafından Metabolik Yönetmelik Sistem Biyolojisi

With the advent of the -omics approaches our understanding of the chronic diseases like cancer and metabolic syndrome has improved. However, effective ...