Name: a push-pull protocol to reduce colonization of bird nest boxes by honey bees
Uploaded: 2016-09-04T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Push-pull Protocol to Reduce Colonization of Bird Nest Boxes by Honey Bees at JoVE.com

Our study was conducted with the permission of United States Sugar Corporation. We want to thank R. Raid, S. Raid and T. Lang for their assistant. We also M. Stanback and three anonymous reviewers for suggestions that improved this manuscript.

1. Konstruktion af Swarm Trap Boxes BEMÆRK: Der er to alternative protokoller for sværm fælde byggeri inkluderet som trin 1.1 og 1.2. Der er flere andre måder fælde kasser kunne være konstrueret. De følgende to metoder er præsenteret her, fordi vi har testet dem i forsøg, og de har været en succes. For enten protokol, bruge 1,3 cm til 2 cm tykke ikke-trykimprægneret krydsfiner. <ol><li> Konstruktion af Swarm Trap Protocol Mulighed 1: Opbygning af en Trap Box <ol><li> Skær seks stykker krydsfiner 30...

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Som en meget vellykket invasiv insekt 17, AHB udgør en stor konkurrent til hulrum-rugende fugle i hele deres sortiment. Protokollen præsenteres her er designet til at reducere koloniseringen satserne for fugl redekasser ved AHB. De vigtigste komponenter i denne udformning omfatter en) anvendelsen af ​​en frastødende og fugle-safe insekticid, permethrin; 2) levering af en alternativ redeplads for bier; og 3) anvendelse af et tiltrækningsstof feromon inde fælde bokse. Bier normalt gør den &quot;rigtig...

Siden utilsigtet indførelse af mere end to dusin afrikanske honningbi dronninger i Sao Paulo, Brasilien i 1957 en, har disse insekter spredt over hele Syd- og Mellemamerika og op i det sydlige USA, tilrane og udskiftning af mindre godt tilpassede europæiske honningbier ( EHB) i vildtlevende befolkning. Disse hybrid Africanized honningbier (AHB) har træk, der sætter dem i konflikt med både mennesker og dyr. De udviser meget defensiv adfærd, reproducere meget hurtigt, og er mindre selektive om, hvor de gør et hjem 1,2. Selvom redekasser længe har været brugt af ornitologer til at forbedre avlen af hulrum-rugende fugle 3,4, er deres brug vist sig at være særligt effektive til at øge opdræt af truede og truede papegøjer i troperne 5,6. Desværre, Africanized honningbier vælger ofte de samme redekasser - nogle gange endda dræbe beboers. Derudover disse AHB udgør en væsentlig trussel mod biologer, når de udfører reden undersøgelser. I områder i Sydamerika, hvor AHB er blevet oprettet, har flere bevarelse papegøje projekter set deres kunstige redekasser besat af AHB 7-10. Konkurrencen om redekasser med honningbier er udbredt og er ikke begrænset til papegøjer. Mange andre fuglearter i både den nye og gamle verden er påvirket 11-15. Uden en indsats for at afbøde truslen om disse invasive AHB, kunne seneste succeser i papegøje bevaring tabt. Den nuværende praksis for styring af konkurrence fra bier omfatter brug af gentagne, høje doser af permethrin 7, manuelt at fjerne sværme, lukker reden indgange umiddelbart efter avl sæson 8, eller anvendelsen af kemikalier til ydersiderne af redekasser 15. Den involverede arbejdskraft og fare for biologer gør disse strategier mindre end optimal. Udvikling af en prevention-protokollen er berettiget. Honning bikolonier formere via en proces kendt som sværmer, da den gamle dronning forlader kolonien med op til tre fjerdedele af de bier 16. Africanized honningbier &#39;høje formeringsevne giver dem mulighed for at sværme oftere (fire til otte gange om året) end EHB (som sværm en gang eller to gange om året) 17. Desuden kan AHB sværmer hele året i stedet for i en bestemt sæson ligesom EHB. Derfor kan AHB hurtigt besætte de fleste af de egnede ynglepladser i et givet område. Honey bee hus jagt adfærd kan udnyttes til at påvirke deres valg af reden site. En lille del af bier i en sværm flyve at lokalisere og inspicere nye potentielle redesteder. Flere potentielle redesteder er undersøgt til samtidig. Disse spejder bier vende tilbage til sværmen og udfører danse til at angive placeringen af ​​sitet. Jo stærkere dans er for et websted, jo hurtigere antallet af scout bier bygger op på dette websted 18. Derfor bier danse stærkere for bedre kvalitet sites, i forhold til websteder, der er middelmådig eller dårlig. Når beslutningsdygtig tærskel er nået, sværm tager ud og flyver til den nye valgte hjem sted 18. Sub-dødelige kontakt doser af insektmidlet permethrin hæmme en spejder bi evne til at orientere og reducere dens aktivitetsniveau 19,20. En anvendelse af permethrin inde redekasser først skal frastødende til spejder bier 21, og overarbejde som de kemiske nedbrydes, scout bier udsættes for permethrin under deres vurdering af kassen, bør gøres mindre i stand til at udføre kraftige rekruttering danse, reducere mængden af spejder bier rekrutteret til webstedet. En mere passende (ideel hulrum volumen, lille indgangshullet placeret i bunden, og et feromon lokkemidler) alternativ reden site er leveret i form af en fælde boks til bierne. Dette fremragende fælde websted bør nå beslutningsdygtig hurtigereend insekticid behandlet fugl kasse fører sværm at vælge fælden boksen over fuglen kassen. Som et eksempel beskriver vi et eksperiment for at reducere kolonisering af Barn Owl kunstig redekasser af AHB i South Florida sukkerrør felter. Vores mål var at teste effektiviteten af ​​at anvende en push-pull metode, der vil &quot;skubbe&quot; bier væk fra ugle redekasser behandlet med et insekticid og &quot;pull&quot; dem mod feromon madding sværm fælder.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="652">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Citral (ACROS Organics)</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC11044-1000</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Geraniol (ACROS Organics)</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>AC41090-1000</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">PermaCap CS</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">BASF</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>controlled release permethrin</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a push-pull protocol to reduce colonization of bird nest boxes by honey bees

Introduction of the invasive Africanized honey bee (AHB) into the Neotropics is a serious problem for many cavity nesting birds, specifically parrots. These bees select cavities that are suitable nest sites for birds, resulting in competition. The difficulty of removing bees and their defensive behavior makes a prevention protocol necessary. Here, we describe a push-pull integrated pest management protocol to deter bees from inhabiting bird boxes by applying a bird safe insecticide, permethrin, to repel bees from nest boxes, while simultaneously attracting them to pheromone-baited swarm traps. Shown here is an example experiment using Barn Owl nest boxes. This protocol successfully reduced colonization of Barn Owl nest boxes by Africanized honey bees. This protocol is flexible, allowing adjustments to accommodate a wide range of bird species and habitats. This protocol could benefit conservation efforts where AHB are located.

En tidligere lille pilot push-pull undersøgelse foretaget i Brasilien viste sværm fælder var effektive og reducerede bi besættelse af papegøje redekasser 22. For at afgøre, om push-pull-metoden kan være effektiv på en større skala for at reducere kolonisering af fugl redekasser af AHB, vi gennemført en feltundersøgelse i sukkerrør felter i det sydlige Florida, USA. Sixty Barn Owl redekasser blev installeret, og hver blev parret med en sværm fælde placeret 15 mete...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Push-pull Protocol to Reduce Colonization of Bird Nest Boxes by Honey Bees at JoVE.com

A Push-pull Protocol to Reduce Colonization of Bird Nest Boxes by Honey Bees

Forebyggelse kolonisering af fugl redekasser ved invasive Africanized honningbier er vigtig for bevarelse indsats af reden-site begrænsede fugle. Vi leverer en integreret skadedyrsbekæmpelse tilgang til &quot;push&quot; bier væk fra redekasser med en frastødende insekticid, permethrin, og &quot;pull&quot; dem mod feromon madding sværm fælder.

En Push-pull-protokollen til at reducere Colonization af Bird redekasser af honningbier

Introduction of the invasive Africanized honey bee (AHB) into the Neotropics is a serious problem for many cavity nesting birds, specifically parrots. ...

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