Name: intra-tracheal administration of haemophilus influenzae in mouse models to study airway inflammation
Uploaded: 2016-03-02T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intra-tracheal Administration of Haemophilus influenzae in Mouse Models to Study Airway Inflammation at JoVE.com

We thank Dr. Carson Harrod for critical reading of the manuscript. We also thank Mr. Minghui Zeng and Drs. Mahesh Kathania and Prashant Khare for their contributions. This work was supported by grants from the American Cancer Society (Research Scholar grant, 122713-RSG-12-260-01-LIB) and the Sammons Cancer Center (Pilot Project grant) to K. Venuprasad.

모든 실험은 베일러 연구소의 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회 (IACUC)의 지침에 따라 수행되었다. 1. 배양 비 typeable 헤모필루스 인플루엔자 (NTHi)과 접종 준비 <ol><li> 초콜릿 한천 플레이트 접시 NTHi를 37 ° C, 5 % CO 2에서 하룻밤 가습 CO 2 배양기에서 거꾸로 판을 유지한다. 다음 날, 문화 뇌 심장 주입 국물에 박테리아. 그런 다음, 멸균 1.5 ML 튜브로 국물 1 ?...

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여기서, 우리는 박테리아 폐 병원체와 마우스의 폐를 접종 독특하고 최소 침습 절차를 설명합니다. 우리는이 절차 염증성 신호 전달 경로의 유전자 결핍 마우스를 이용하여 다양한 유전자의 기능을 연구하는데 사용될 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 이 절차는 또한 바이러스 및 진균 감염에 폐 염증 반응을 연구하는데 사용될 수있다. 이러한 비내 에어로졸 또는 흡입 같은 다른 방법을 통해이 절차의 ?...

염증은 감염 인자에 대한 방어의 기본 면역 메커니즘입니다. 그것은 병원균 퇴치 및 손상된 조직의 복구를 촉진한다. 또한, 일반 건강 상태 1로 회복을 용이하게한다. 그러나, 조절 이상 염증은 종종 만성 염증성 질환이 리드. 기도 염증은 만성 폐쇄성 폐 질환 (COPD), 천식 및 폐 섬유증과 같은 3 가지 폐 질환의 초기 트리거이다. 비 typeable (봉입) 헤모필루스 인플루엔자 (NTHi)의 상부 및 하부 만성 폐 염증성 질환 4,5-와 연관된다. 그것은 만성 폐쇄성 폐 질환 4,6,7 어린이와 성인의 하부기도에서 분리 지배적 인 종이다. NTHi 감염 후 염증 반응은 (예컨대 TNF 및 IL-1β와 같은) 염증성 사이토킨의 상향 조절이 특징이며, B를 매개y를 미토 겐 활성화 단백질 키나아제 (MAPK) 및 수신자와 같은 수용체를 통해 핵 인자 κB (NF-κB) (TLR에) 8. 마우스 모델 때문에 서로 다른 유전자가 결핍 된 라인의 가용성의 폐 염증성 질환의 기본 병리학을 분석하는 매우 유용한 도구입니다. 여러 방법은 비내 점적 및 에어로졸 흡입 9,10- 포함한 실시간 / 감쇠 박테리아와 세균 제품을 접종하는데 사용되었다. 여기, 우리는 내 기관 점안을 보여줍니다. 덜 빈번하게 사용되지만,이 방법은 더욱 효율적이고 때문에 하부 호흡기 접종원 직접 전달 재현성이다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="705">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Chocolate agar plate</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CAS50-99-7</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Dextrose Anhydrous</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Themo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">R01300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Heparin</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Hospira,Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RL-3010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Deft quick solution</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Sigma</td>
			<td>GS500-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:293px;">Syringe needle 20/26G&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">(REF305115/175)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Iml syringe</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">REF 309602</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Catheter 20GA</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">REF 381433</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dissecting Scissors, straight, 10 cm long</td>
			<td>kentscientific</td>
			<td>INS600393</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Iris Forceps, serrated, 10cm long</td>
			<td>kentscientific</td>
			<td>INS650915</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tweezer #5 Stainless steel, 11cm long</td>
			<td>kentscientific</td>
			<td>INS600095</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">10% Formalin</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CAS 67-56-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Agarose</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">peqlab</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">35-1020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">5ml polystyrene round-bottom tubes</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">REF 352058</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">1.5 ml Microcentrifuge tubes</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Light Labs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A-7001-R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Reasy Mini&#160; kit&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">74104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Pellet pestile motor (Tissue homoginizer)</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Z359971-1EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">96 well microtiter plates V bottom</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Thermo</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">2605</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">1X PBS</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10010-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">OneComp eBeads</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">01-1111-42</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">CD45.2-APC</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17-0454-81</td>
			<td>Working dilution 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Ly-6G-eFlor 450</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">48-5931-82</td>
			<td>Working dilution 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">BSA</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">HyClone</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SH30574.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">RBC Lysis Buffer (10X)</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">420301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Live/Dead fixable aqua dead cell stain kit</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">L-34957</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">EDTA (0.5M)</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">lifetechnologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15575-020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">CD16/CD32 FcBlock</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">553142</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Facs tubes polystyrene round bottom tube</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">352052</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Formaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Polyscience</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

intra-tracheal administration of haemophilus influenzae in mouse models to study airway inflammation

여기, 우리는 효율적으로 자세한 절차를 설명하고 직접 헤모필루스 인플루엔자를 제공 마우스의 하부 호흡기로. 우리는 H. 제조 과정을 보여 인플루엔자 접종, H.의 내부 기관 점안 폐에 인플루엔자, 차동 유전자 발현 분석을위한 기관지 폐포 세척액 (BALF), 폐포 세척액에서 면역 세포의 분석 및 RNA 분리의 컬렉션입니다. 이 절차는 임의의 박테리아, 바이러스 또는 진균에 폐 염증 반응을 연구하는데 사용될 수있다. 적은 모호성으로보다 효율적으로 하부 호흡기로 세균 접종을 제공하기 때문에 직접 기관 점안은 주로 비강 내 또는 에어로졸 흡입 절차를 통해 바람직하다.

내 기관 점안은 식염수 설치보다 폐포 세척액 (그림 1A, 왼쪽 패널)에서 백혈구의 현저하게 증가 된 수의 결과. 백혈구의 미분 계수 분석 분명히 증가 호중구 침윤 (도 1, 오른쪽 패널)을 보였다. BALF에서 세포의 FACS 분석은 상기 호중구 수의 증가 (도 1b)를 확인했다. 폐 조직을 H &amp; E 염색 섹션의 조직 학적 분석은기도 염증 (도 1C)...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intra-tracheal Administration of Haemophilus influenzae in Mouse Models to Study Airway Inflammation at JoVE.com

Intra-tracheal Administration of Haemophilus influenzae in Mouse Models to Study Airway Inflammation

We demonstrate the procedure for intra-tracheal inoculation of Haemophilus influenzae into the lower respiratory tracts of mice. This is a very useful tool to study signaling pathways that regulate airway inflammation in mouse models.

의 내부 기관 관리<em&gt; 헤모필루스 인플루엔자</em&gt; 마우스 모델에서기도 염증을 연구하는

Here, we describe a detailed procedure to efficiently and directly deliver Haemophilus influenzae into the lower respiratory tracts of mice. We ...

The overall goal of this experiment is to study the immune responses in the lung during bacterial infection. This matter can help in answering some key questions in the field of lung inflammation such as what are the key regulatory mechanisms and genes that inhibit or promote lung inflammation. The major advantage of this technique is that it is very efficient and highly reproducable because of the direct delivery of the bacterial inoculum into the lower respiratory tract.To begin, plate the NTHi on a chocolate agar plate. Incubate the plate upside down over night, at 37 degrees Celsius with 5%carbon dioxide. The following day, culture the bacteria in a brain-heart infusion broth.Then, in a microcentrifuge tube, add one milliliter of the broth. Spin the mix down at 4, 000 g's for five minutes at room temperature. Then, discard the supernatant and resuspend the pellet in one milliliter of PBS.Repeat this wash step one more time. Next, dilute 100 microliters of resuspended solution in 900 microliters of PBS, and measure the culture's absorbance at 600 nanometers. Use this information to adjust the inoculum to 20 million CFUs per milliliter.Next, determine the viability and CFUs of the inoculum. Culture one to ten serial dilutions of the broth on chocolate agar plates, and incubate the plates overnight. Begin with anesthetizing the mouse, and verifying it is adequately anesthetized using a toe pinch.Then, position the mouse supine and shave the ventral area of the neck. Disinfect the exposed skin. Now, lift the skin of the upper ventral part of the neck with rat tooth forceps, and using a scalpel, make a one half to one centimeter incision above the thymus.Then, carefully separate the muscle to expose the trachea. Into the trachea, slowly inject 50 microliters of air, followed by 50 microliters of prepared NTHi, followed by another 50 microliters of air. For a negative control procedure, inject saline instead of NTHi.After the injection, keep the animal vertical for around a minute. Then, close the incision with tissue adhesive and keep the mouse laterally recumbent and warm for about 10 minutes. 24 hours after infection, euthanize the infected animal and open the abdominal cavity with anatomical scissors.Then, cut the ventral aorta to bleed the animal. Next, expose the ventral part of the lung to access the trachea. Intubate the trachea with a 20 gauge catheter.Using the catheter, instill 0.8 milliliters of BALF buffer and collect the lavage by dental aspiration. Repeat this procedure three more times, pooling the four lavage collections into a single suspension. Take a 100 microliter aliquot and spin down for two minutes at 2, 000 RPM.Remove the supernatant and resuspend in RBC lysis buffer. Spin it down and resuspend the pellet with 1x PBS. Now, count the total number of cells in 100 microliters of the suspension using a hemocytometer under 10x magnification with trypan blue staining.Then, prepare slides to stain the cells. Aliquot 100 microliters of BALF suspension into the appropriate wells of cytospin slides, and spin the slides at 500 g's for five minutes. Then, dry the slides for 10 minutes at room temperature, and stain the cells using a modified Giemsa stain according to the manufacturer's protocols.Use the remaining cells for subsequent analyses, such as facts, confocal microscopy, and so forth. After collecting lavage from the infected lung, take a 20-40 milligram piece of lung and incubate it in RNA stabilizing reagent at four degrees Celsius overnight, followed by long term storage at 80 degrees Celsius. When ready, wash the lung tissue samples in cold PBS to remove the RNA stabilization reagent.Then, place the tissue into a 1.5 milliliter centrifuge tube containing lysis buffer with beta mercaptoethanol. Next, with small scissors, chop the tissue into pieces and homogenize the pieces using a motorized pestle for 20-40 seconds. Keep the lysate on ice for five minutes, then spin them down at 18, 000 g's for three minutes.Carefully remove the supernatant and transfer it to a new tube. Then add one volume of 70%ethanol and triturate the mixture. Let the mixture rest at 25 degrees Celsius for two to four minutes.Then, transfer up to 700 microliters to a spin column on a two milliliter collection tube and centrifuge the column at 9600 g's for 15 seconds. Discard the flow-through, add 350 microliters of wash buffer and repeat the spin. Next, incubate the membrane with 80 microliters of DNase I Solution for 15 minutes at room temperature.Then, add 350 microliters of wash buffer to the column and repeat the spin. Next, add 500 microliters of RNA wash buffer. Repeat the short spin, and discard the flow-through.Do two washes with RNA wash buffer. Finally, over a new collection tube, add 30-50 microliters of RNase-free water directly to the column and spin it for one minute to collect the RNA sample in the flow-through. The procedure was performed as described with normal, healthy, mice.Intratracheal installation resulted in a markedly increased number of leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice innoculated with NTHi compared to saline treatment controls. The differential count analysis of the leukocytes clearly shows increased neutrophil infiltration. Facts analysis of the cells in the BALF further confirms the increased number of neutrophils.HNE stained sections of the lung tissue show increased airway inflammation. Collectively, these data suggest that intratracheal installation induces airway inflammation in mice. In a similar experiment with mutant and control mice, lung tissue RNA was analyzed by whole transcriptome sequencing.Compared to wild-type controls, Itch deficiency resulted in differential expression of several genes. Itch is thought to be a regulator of inflammatory signalling pathways, so this result can be used to foster new studies. All through its development this technique paved ways for researchers in the field of lung diseases to explore cell signalling in immune cells during lung infection and inflammation.While attempting this procedure, it is important to remember to take extra precautions during procedures like exposure of trachea and installation of bacteria into trachea. Once mastered, intratracheal installation can be performed within ten minutes and vial fluid can be collected within 10-15 minutes. After this procedure, additional matters such as RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and immunoblocking can be performed to address additional questions such as, which are the genes that are upregulated or downregulated.

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Intra-tracheal Administration of Haemophilus influenzae in Mouse Models to Study Airway Inflammation

Co-culture Models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Grown on Live Human Airway Cells

Co-culture Models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Grown on Live Human Airway Cells

공동 문화 모델 녹농균 Biofilms는 라이브 인간 에어웨이 세포에 들어라

Bacterial biofilms have been associated with a number of different human diseases, but biofilm development has generally been studied on non-living ...

연구

면역학 및 감염병학

Analysis of Pulmonary Dendritic Cell Maturation and Migration during Allergic Airway Inflammation

알레르기기도 염증 동안 폐 돌기 세포 성숙과 마이 그 레이션 분석

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key players involved in initiation of adaptive immune response by activating antigen-specific T cells. DCs are present in ...

Establishing a Liquid-covered Culture of Polarized Human Airway Epithelial Calu-3 Cells to Study Host Cell Response to Respiratory Pathogens In vitro

Establishing a Liquid-covered Culture of Polarized Human Airway Epithelial Calu-3 Cells to Study Host Cell Response to Respiratory Pathogens In vitro

양극화 인간기도 액체 덮인 문화를 구축 호흡기 병원균에 대한 숙주 세포 응답을 공부하는 상피 Calu-3 전지<em&gt; 체외에서</em

The  apical and basolateral surfaces of airway epithelial cells demonstrate  directional responses to pathogen exposure in  vivo. Thus, ideal in vitro ...

In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation

In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation

생체 내 이미징 방법에 급성 및 만성 염증을 구별하는

Inflammation is a fundamental aspect of many human diseases. In this video report, we demonstrate non-invasive bioluminescence imaging techniques that ...

Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Influenza Vaccines in Chimeric Mouse Models to Study Mucosal Immunity

키메라 마우스 모델에서 재조합 인플루엔자 백신의 비강 관리는 점막 면역을 연구하기 위해

Vaccines are one of the greatest achievements of mankind, and have saved millions of lives over the last century. Paradoxically, little is known about the ...

Co-immunoprecipitation of the Mouse Mx1 Protein with the Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein

인플루엔자 A 바이러스의 핵 단백질과 마우스 MX1 단백질의 공동 면역 침전

Studying the interaction between proteins is key in understanding their function(s). A very powerful method that is frequently used to study interactions ...

An Optimized Method for Isolating and Expanding Invariant Natural Killer T Cells from Mouse Spleen

마우스 비장에서 불변 자연 살해 T 세포를 분리하고 확장을위한 최적화 방법

The ability to rapidly secrete cytokines upon stimulation is a functional characteristic of the invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell lineage. iNKT cells ...

Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses

복구 시간 증가 및 제한 염증 반응에서 미주 신경 자극 메커니즘을 연구에 LPS 관리를 감소

Inflammation is a local response to infection and tissue damage mediated by activated macrophages, monocytes, and other immune cells that release ...

Precision-cut Mouse Lung Slices to Visualize Live Pulmonary Dendritic Cells

정밀 절단 라이브 폐 수지상 세포를 시각화하기 위해 마우스 폐 슬라이스

Inhalation of allergens and pathogens elicits multiple changes in a variety of immune cell types in the lung. Flow cytometry is a powerful technique for ...