Name: intra-tracheal administration of haemophilus influenzae in mouse models to study airway inflammation
Uploaded: 2016-03-02T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intra-tracheal Administration of Haemophilus influenzae in Mouse Models to Study Airway Inflammation at JoVE.com

We thank Dr. Carson Harrod for critical reading of the manuscript. We also thank Mr. Minghui Zeng and Drs. Mahesh Kathania and Prashant Khare for their contributions. This work was supported by grants from the American Cancer Society (Research Scholar grant, 122713-RSG-12-260-01-LIB) and the Sammons Cancer Center (Pilot Project grant) to K. Venuprasad.

Tüm deneyler Baylor Araştırma Enstitüsü Kurumsal Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Komitesi (IACUC) yönergelerine uygun olarak yapıldı. 1. Kültürleme tipi belirsiz Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) ve aşı hazırlama <ol><li> Bir çikolata agar plakası üzerinde Plaka NTHi ve 37 ° C&#39;de ve% 5 CO2 seviyesinde bir gece boyunca nemlendirilmiş bir CO2 kuluçka makinesi içinde başaşağı plaka tutun. Ertesi gün, kültür beyin kalp infüzyon suyu bakteri...

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Bu yazıda, bakteriyel akciğer patojen ile farelerin akciğerleri aşılamak için eşsiz ve minimal invaziv prosedürü açıklar. Bu prosedür, inflamatuar sinyal yollarının genleri eksik olan fareler kullanılarak, farklı genlerin fonksiyonunu incelemek için kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu prosedür, aynı zamanda, viral ve mantar akciğer enfeksiyonu enflamatuvar yanıtları incelemek için kullanılabilir. Böyle intranazal veya aerosol inhalasyon gibi diğer yöntemlere göre bu prosedürün avantaj...

Enflamasyon enfeksiyöz ajanlara karşı savunma temel bir bağışıklık mekanizmadır. Bu patojen ortadan kaldırılması ve hasarlı doku onarımını teşvik eder. Aynı zamanda normal sağlıklı durumuna 1&#39;e kurtarma kolaylaştırır. Ancak, düzensiz inflamasyon sıklıkla kronik enflamatuar hastalıklar 2 yol açar. Hava yolu inflamasyonu, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (COPD), astım ve pulmonar fibrosis 3 farklı akciğer hastalıkları için bir başlangıç ​​tetikleyicidir. Tiplendirilemeyen (kapsüllenmemiş), Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) kronik üst ve alt akciğer enflamatuar hastalıklar 4,5 ile ilişkilidir. Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı 4,6,7 çocuk ve yetişkinlerin alt solunum yolları izole baskın türdür. NTHi enfeksiyon sonrası inflamatuar yanıtı (örneğin, TNF ve IL-1 gibi) proenflamatuar sitokinlerin regülasyonu ile karakterize edilir ve b aracılıky mitojen aktive protein kinaz (MAPK) ve toll benzeri reseptörler aracılığıyla nükleer faktör-KB (NF-KB) (TLR) 8. Fare modelleri nedeniyle farklı gen eksikliği hatlarının durumu akciğer inflamatuar hastalığın altında yatan patolojiyi analiz etmek için çok yararlı araçlardır. Çeşitli metotlar, intranazal uygulaması ve aerosol haline getirilmiş inhalasyon 9,10 dahil olmak üzere, canlı / zayıflatılmış bakterileri ve bakteriyel ürünler, aşılamak için kullanılmıştır. Burada, içi trakeal instilasyon göstermektedir. daha az sıklıkta kullanılmasına rağmen, bu yaklaşım daha verimli ve çünkü daha düşük solunum sistemine inokulum doğrudan teslimat yüksek tekrarlanabilir.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Chocolate agar plate</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CAS50-99-7</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Dextrose Anhydrous</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Themo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">R01300</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Heparin</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Hospira,Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RL-3010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Deft quick solution</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Sigma</td>
			<td>GS500-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:293px;">Syringe needle 20/26G&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">(REF305115/175)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Iml syringe</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">REF 309602</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Catheter 20GA</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">REF 381433</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dissecting Scissors, straight, 10 cm long</td>
			<td>kentscientific</td>
			<td>INS600393</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Iris Forceps, serrated, 10cm long</td>
			<td>kentscientific</td>
			<td>INS650915</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tweezer #5 Stainless steel, 11cm long</td>
			<td>kentscientific</td>
			<td>INS600095</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">10% Formalin</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CAS 67-56-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Agarose</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">peqlab</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">35-1020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">5ml polystyrene round-bottom tubes</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">REF 352058</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">1.5 ml Microcentrifuge tubes</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Light Labs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A-7001-R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Reasy Mini&#160; kit&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">74104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Pellet pestile motor (Tissue homoginizer)</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Z359971-1EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">96 well microtiter plates V bottom</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Thermo</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">2605</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">1X PBS</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10010-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">OneComp eBeads</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">01-1111-42</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">CD45.2-APC</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17-0454-81</td>
			<td>Working dilution 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Ly-6G-eFlor 450</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">48-5931-82</td>
			<td>Working dilution 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">BSA</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">HyClone</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SH30574.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">RBC Lysis Buffer (10X)</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">420301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Live/Dead fixable aqua dead cell stain kit</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">L-34957</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">EDTA (0.5M)</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">lifetechnologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15575-020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">CD16/CD32 FcBlock</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">553142</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Facs tubes polystyrene round bottom tube</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">352052</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:293px;">Formaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Polyscience</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

intra-tracheal administration of haemophilus influenzae in mouse models to study airway inflammation

Burada, verimli ayrıntılı bir prosedür tanımlamak ve doğrudan Haemophilus influenzae teslim farelerin alt solunum yollarına. Biz H. hazırlanması için prosedür göstermek influenza aşı, H. içi trakeal damlatma akciğere influenzae, farklı gen ekspresyon analizi için bronko-alveolar lavaj sıvısı (BALF), BAL sıvısında bağışıklık hücrelerinin analizi ve RNA izolasyonu toplanması. Bu prosedür, bir bakteri, virüs ya da mantar akciğer enflamatuar yanıtı çalışma için kullanılabilir. daha az belirsizlik ile daha verimli alt solunum yollarına bakteriyel inokulum sunar, çünkü doğrudan trakea damlatma çoğunlukla burun veya aerosol inhalasyon prosedürleri tercih edilir.

Intra-trakeal instilasyon tuzlu su ile yükleme daha BALS (Şekil 1A, sol panel) lökositlerin belirgin artan sayıda sonuçlandı. Lökositlerin diferansiyel sayısı analizi açık bir şekilde artmış nötrofil infiltrasyon (Şekil 1, sağ panel) göstermiştir. BAL sıvısında hücrelerinin FACS analizi daha da nötrofillerin sayısını (Şekil 1B) doğruladı. Akciğer dokusunda H &amp; E-boyanan kesitler histolojik analiz havayo...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intra-tracheal Administration of Haemophilus influenzae in Mouse Models to Study Airway Inflammation at JoVE.com

Intra-tracheal Administration of Haemophilus influenzae in Mouse Models to Study Airway Inflammation

We demonstrate the procedure for intra-tracheal inoculation of Haemophilus influenzae into the lower respiratory tracts of mice. This is a very useful tool to study signaling pathways that regulate airway inflammation in mouse models.

intra-trakeal İdaresi<em&gt; Haemophilus influenza</em&gt; Fare Modelleri Havayolu inflamasyonu Eğitim için

Here, we describe a detailed procedure to efficiently and directly deliver Haemophilus influenzae into the lower respiratory tracts of mice. We ...

The overall goal of this experiment is to study the immune responses in the lung during bacterial infection. This matter can help in answering some key questions in the field of lung inflammation such as what are the key regulatory mechanisms and genes that inhibit or promote lung inflammation. The major advantage of this technique is that it is very efficient and highly reproducable because of the direct delivery of the bacterial inoculum into the lower respiratory tract.To begin, plate the NTHi on a chocolate agar plate. Incubate the plate upside down over night, at 37 degrees Celsius with 5%carbon dioxide. The following day, culture the bacteria in a brain-heart infusion broth.Then, in a microcentrifuge tube, add one milliliter of the broth. Spin the mix down at 4, 000 g's for five minutes at room temperature. Then, discard the supernatant and resuspend the pellet in one milliliter of PBS.Repeat this wash step one more time. Next, dilute 100 microliters of resuspended solution in 900 microliters of PBS, and measure the culture's absorbance at 600 nanometers. Use this information to adjust the inoculum to 20 million CFUs per milliliter.Next, determine the viability and CFUs of the inoculum. Culture one to ten serial dilutions of the broth on chocolate agar plates, and incubate the plates overnight. Begin with anesthetizing the mouse, and verifying it is adequately anesthetized using a toe pinch.Then, position the mouse supine and shave the ventral area of the neck. Disinfect the exposed skin. Now, lift the skin of the upper ventral part of the neck with rat tooth forceps, and using a scalpel, make a one half to one centimeter incision above the thymus.Then, carefully separate the muscle to expose the trachea. Into the trachea, slowly inject 50 microliters of air, followed by 50 microliters of prepared NTHi, followed by another 50 microliters of air. For a negative control procedure, inject saline instead of NTHi.After the injection, keep the animal vertical for around a minute. Then, close the incision with tissue adhesive and keep the mouse laterally recumbent and warm for about 10 minutes. 24 hours after infection, euthanize the infected animal and open the abdominal cavity with anatomical scissors.Then, cut the ventral aorta to bleed the animal. Next, expose the ventral part of the lung to access the trachea. Intubate the trachea with a 20 gauge catheter.Using the catheter, instill 0.8 milliliters of BALF buffer and collect the lavage by dental aspiration. Repeat this procedure three more times, pooling the four lavage collections into a single suspension. Take a 100 microliter aliquot and spin down for two minutes at 2, 000 RPM.Remove the supernatant and resuspend in RBC lysis buffer. Spin it down and resuspend the pellet with 1x PBS. Now, count the total number of cells in 100 microliters of the suspension using a hemocytometer under 10x magnification with trypan blue staining.Then, prepare slides to stain the cells. Aliquot 100 microliters of BALF suspension into the appropriate wells of cytospin slides, and spin the slides at 500 g's for five minutes. Then, dry the slides for 10 minutes at room temperature, and stain the cells using a modified Giemsa stain according to the manufacturer's protocols.Use the remaining cells for subsequent analyses, such as facts, confocal microscopy, and so forth. After collecting lavage from the infected lung, take a 20-40 milligram piece of lung and incubate it in RNA stabilizing reagent at four degrees Celsius overnight, followed by long term storage at 80 degrees Celsius. When ready, wash the lung tissue samples in cold PBS to remove the RNA stabilization reagent.Then, place the tissue into a 1.5 milliliter centrifuge tube containing lysis buffer with beta mercaptoethanol. Next, with small scissors, chop the tissue into pieces and homogenize the pieces using a motorized pestle for 20-40 seconds. Keep the lysate on ice for five minutes, then spin them down at 18, 000 g's for three minutes.Carefully remove the supernatant and transfer it to a new tube. Then add one volume of 70%ethanol and triturate the mixture. Let the mixture rest at 25 degrees Celsius for two to four minutes.Then, transfer up to 700 microliters to a spin column on a two milliliter collection tube and centrifuge the column at 9600 g's for 15 seconds. Discard the flow-through, add 350 microliters of wash buffer and repeat the spin. Next, incubate the membrane with 80 microliters of DNase I Solution for 15 minutes at room temperature.Then, add 350 microliters of wash buffer to the column and repeat the spin. Next, add 500 microliters of RNA wash buffer. Repeat the short spin, and discard the flow-through.Do two washes with RNA wash buffer. Finally, over a new collection tube, add 30-50 microliters of RNase-free water directly to the column and spin it for one minute to collect the RNA sample in the flow-through. The procedure was performed as described with normal, healthy, mice.Intratracheal installation resulted in a markedly increased number of leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice innoculated with NTHi compared to saline treatment controls. The differential count analysis of the leukocytes clearly shows increased neutrophil infiltration. Facts analysis of the cells in the BALF further confirms the increased number of neutrophils.HNE stained sections of the lung tissue show increased airway inflammation. Collectively, these data suggest that intratracheal installation induces airway inflammation in mice. In a similar experiment with mutant and control mice, lung tissue RNA was analyzed by whole transcriptome sequencing.Compared to wild-type controls, Itch deficiency resulted in differential expression of several genes. Itch is thought to be a regulator of inflammatory signalling pathways, so this result can be used to foster new studies. All through its development this technique paved ways for researchers in the field of lung diseases to explore cell signalling in immune cells during lung infection and inflammation.While attempting this procedure, it is important to remember to take extra precautions during procedures like exposure of trachea and installation of bacteria into trachea. Once mastered, intratracheal installation can be performed within ten minutes and vial fluid can be collected within 10-15 minutes. After this procedure, additional matters such as RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and immunoblocking can be performed to address additional questions such as, which are the genes that are upregulated or downregulated.

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Intra-tracheal Administration of Haemophilus influenzae in Mouse Models to Study Airway Inflammation

Co-culture Models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Grown on Live Human Airway Cells

Co-culture Models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Grown on Live Human Airway Cells

Co-kültür Modelleri Pseudomonas aeruginosa</emCanlı İnsan Havayolu Hücreler Yetiştirilen> Biyofilmler

Bacterial biofilms have been associated with a number of different human diseases, but biofilm development has generally been studied on non-living ...

İmmünoloji ve Enfeksiyon

Analysis of Pulmonary Dendritic Cell Maturation and Migration during Allergic Airway Inflammation

Alerjik Havayolu Enflamasyon sırasındaki solunum Dendritik Hücre olgunlaşması ve Göç Analizi

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key players involved in initiation of adaptive immune response by activating antigen-specific T cells. DCs are present in ...

Establishing a Liquid-covered Culture of Polarized Human Airway Epithelial Calu-3 Cells to Study Host Cell Response to Respiratory Pathogens In vitro

Establishing a Liquid-covered Culture of Polarized Human Airway Epithelial Calu-3 Cells to Study Host Cell Response to Respiratory Pathogens In vitro

Polarize İnsan Havayolu bir sıvı kaplı Kültürünün Oluşturulması Solunum Patojenler için Host Hücre Yanıtı Okumak Epitel Calu-3 Hücreler<em&gt; In vitro</em

The  apical and basolateral surfaces of airway epithelial cells demonstrate  directional responses to pathogen exposure in  vivo. Thus, ideal in vitro ...

In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation

In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation

In vivo Görüntüleme Yöntemi Akut ve Kronik İltihap ayırt

Inflammation is a fundamental aspect of many human diseases. In this video report, we demonstrate non-invasive bioluminescence imaging techniques that ...

Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Influenza Vaccines in Chimeric Mouse Models to Study Mucosal Immunity

Kimerik fare modellerinde Rekombinant Grip aşıların burun içinde yoluyla mukozal bağışıklık Okumak

Vaccines are one of the greatest achievements of mankind, and have saved millions of lives over the last century. Paradoxically, little is known about the ...

Co-immunoprecipitation of the Mouse Mx1 Protein with the Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein

İnfluenza A virüsü nükleoproteini Fare MX1 Protein Co-immunopresipitasyonu

Studying the interaction between proteins is key in understanding their function(s). A very powerful method that is frequently used to study interactions ...

An Optimized Method for Isolating and Expanding Invariant Natural Killer T Cells from Mouse Spleen

Fare Dalak Değişmeyen Doğal Öldürücü T Hücreleri İzolasyon ve Yaygınlaştırılması için optimize Yöntemi

The ability to rapidly secrete cytokines upon stimulation is a functional characteristic of the invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell lineage. iNKT cells ...

Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses

Kurtarma Zamanı Artan ve Sınırlı Enflamatuar Yanıtları içinde Vagus sinir stimülasyonu Mekanizmaları Eğitim için LPS İdaresi Azalmış

Inflammation is a local response to infection and tissue damage mediated by activated macrophages, monocytes, and other immune cells that release ...

Precision-cut Mouse Lung Slices to Visualize Live Pulmonary Dendritic Cells

Hassas kesimli Canlı Pulmoner Dendritik Hücreler Visualize&#39;a Fare Akciğer Dilimleri

Inhalation of allergens and pathogens elicits multiple changes in a variety of immune cell types in the lung. Flow cytometry is a powerful technique for ...