Name: generation of microtumors using 3d human biogel culture system and patient-derived glioblastoma cells for kinomic profiling and drug response testing
Uploaded: 2016-06-09T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing at JoVE.

（：C.ウィリー、CA185712-01 PI）、脳腫瘍SPORE賞（PD：GYギレスピー、P20CA 151129から03）とSBIR契約（PI：R.シン、N43CO-2013から00026）NIH R21グラントによってサポートされています。

注：すべての異種移植療法の評価は、施設内動物管理使用委員会により承認されたプロトコルに神経膠芽腫のための同所性腫瘍モデルを使用して行きました。 患者由来のGBM異種移植細胞の1の単離<ol><li> 試薬の調製 <ol><li> 5 mg / mlとし、滅菌フィルターの濃度になるように滅菌水にコラゲナーゼIを再構成しています。 -20℃で1ミリリットルの分量を保存する?...

<ol>
	<li>Ohgaki, H., Kleihues, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Population-based+studies+on+incidence,+survival+rates,+and+genetic+alterations+in+astrocytic+and+oligodendroglial+gliomas.">Population-based studies on incidence, survival rates, and genetic alterations in astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas.</a> J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 64 (6), 479-489 (2005).</li><li>Wen, P. Y., Kesari, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Malignant+gliomas+in+adults.">Malignant gliomas in adults.</a> N Engl J Med. 359 (5), 492-507 (2008).</li><li>Thumma, S. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+pretreatment+clinical+factors+on+overall+survival+in+glioblastoma+multiforme:+a+Surveillance+Epidemiology+and+End+Results+(SEER)+population+analysis.">Effect of pretreatment clinical factors on overall survival in glioblastoma multiforme: a Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) population analysis.</a> World J Surg Oncol. 10 (75), (2012).</li><li>Furnari, F. B., Cloughesy, T. F., Cavenee, W. K., Mischel, P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterogeneity+of+epidermal+growth+factor+receptor+signalling+networks+in+glioblastoma.">Heterogeneity of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling networks in glioblastoma.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 15 (5), 302-310 (2015).</li><li>Mischel, P. S., Cloughesy, T. F., Nelson, S. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DNA-microarray+analysis+of+brain+cancer:+molecular+classification+for+therapy.">DNA-microarray analysis of brain cancer: molecular classification for therapy.</a> Nat Rev Neurosci. 5 (10), 782-792 (2004).</li><li>Verhaak, R. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integrated+genomic+analysis+identifies+clinically+relevant+subtypes+of+glioblastoma+characterized+by+abnormalities+in+PDGFRA,+IDH1,+EGFR,+and+NF1.">Integrated genomic analysis identifies clinically relevant subtypes of glioblastoma characterized by abnormalities in PDGFRA, IDH1, EGFR, and NF1.</a> Cancer Cell. 17 (1), 98-110 (2010).</li><li>De Witt Hamer, P. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+genomic+profile+of+human+malignant+glioma+is+altered+early+in+primary+cell+culture+and+preserved+in+spheroids.">The genomic profile of human malignant glioma is altered early in primary cell culture and preserved in spheroids.</a> Oncogene. 27 (14), 2091-2096 (2008).</li><li>Shankavaram, U. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+profiling+indicates+orthotopic+xenograft+of+glioma+cell+lines+simulate+a+subclass+of+human+glioblastoma.">Molecular profiling indicates orthotopic xenograft of glioma cell lines simulate a subclass of human glioblastoma.</a> J Cell Mol Med. 16 (3), 545-554 (2012).</li><li>Abbott, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+culture:+biology's+new+dimension.">Cell culture: biology's new dimension.</a> Nature. 424 (6951), 870-872 (2003).</li><li>Rao, S. S., Lannutti, J. J., Viapiano, M. S., Sarkar, A., Winter, J. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toward+3D+biomimetic+models+to+understand+the+behavior+of+glioblastoma+multiforme+cells.">Toward 3D biomimetic models to understand the behavior of glioblastoma multiforme cells.</a> Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 20 (4), 314-327 (2014).</li><li>Pampaloni, F., Reynaud, E. G., Stelzer, E. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+third+dimension+bridges+the+gap+between+cell+culture+and+live+tissue.">The third dimension bridges the gap between cell culture and live tissue.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 8 (10), 839-845 (2007).</li><li>Hollister, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Porous+scaffold+design+for+tissue+engineering.">Porous scaffold design for tissue engineering.</a> Nat Mater. 4 (7), 518-524 (2005).</li><li>Rowley, J. A., Madlambayan, G., Mooney, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alginate+hydrogels+as+synthetic+extracellular+matrix+materials.">Alginate hydrogels as synthetic extracellular matrix materials.</a> Biomaterials. 20 (1), 45-53 (1999).</li><li>Hughes, C. S., Postovit, L. M., Lajoie, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Matrigel:+a+complex+protein+mixture+required+for+optimal+growth+of+cell+culture.">Matrigel: a complex protein mixture required for optimal growth of cell culture.</a> Proteomics. 10 (9), 1886-1890 (2010).</li><li>Yoshino, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proliferation+and+differentiation+of+a+transfected+Schwann+cell+line+is+altered+by+an+artificial+basement+membrane.">Proliferation and differentiation of a transfected Schwann cell line is altered by an artificial basement membrane.</a> Glia. 3 (5), 315-321 (1990).</li><li>Siegal, G. P., Singh, R., Foundation, T. U. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biologically+active+native+biomatrix+composition.">Biologically active native biomatrix composition.</a> US patent. , (2010).</li><li>Sarkaria, J. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+an+orthotopic+xenograft+model+for+assessing+the+effect+of+epidermal+growth+factor+receptor+amplification+on+glioblastoma+radiation+response.">Use of an orthotopic xenograft model for assessing the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor amplification on glioblastoma radiation response.</a> Clin Cancer Res. 12 (7), 2264-2271 (2006).</li><li>Strober, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trypan+Blue+Exclusion+Test+of+Cell+Viability.">Trypan Blue Exclusion Test of Cell Viability.</a> Curr Protoc Immunol. 111, 1-3 (2015).</li><li>Anderson, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinomic+exploration+of+temozolomide+and+radiation+resistance+in+Glioblastoma+multiforme+xenolines.">Kinomic exploration of temozolomide and radiation resistance in Glioblastoma multiforme xenolines.</a> Radiother Oncol. 111 (3), 468-474 (2014).</li><li>Anderson, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinomic+profiling+of+electromagnetic+navigational+bronchoscopy+specimens:+a+new+approach+for+personalized+medicine.">Kinomic profiling of electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy specimens: a new approach for personalized medicine.</a> PLoS One. 9 (12), 116388 (2014).</li><li>Jarboe, J. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinomic+profiling+approach+identifies+Trk+as+a+novel+radiation+modulator.">Kinomic profiling approach identifies Trk as a novel radiation modulator.</a> Radiother Oncol. 103 (3), 380-387 (2012).</li><li>Anderson, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+Throughput+Kinomic+Profiling+of+Human+Clear+Cell+Renal+Cell+Carcinoma+Identifies+Kinase+Activity+Dependent+Molecular+Subtypes.">High Throughput Kinomic Profiling of Human Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Identifies Kinase Activity Dependent Molecular Subtypes.</a> PLoS One. 10 (9), 0139267 (2015).</li><li>Anderson, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinomic+Alterations+in+Atypical+Meningioma.">Kinomic Alterations in Atypical Meningioma.</a> Medical Research Archives. 3, (2015).</li><li>Hothi, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+chemical+screens+identify+disulfiram+as+an+inhibitor+of+human+glioblastoma+stem+cells.">High-throughput chemical screens identify disulfiram as an inhibitor of human glioblastoma stem cells.</a> Oncotarget. 3 (10), 1124-1136 (2012).</li><li>Quartararo, C. E., Reznik, E., deCarvalho, A. C., Mikkelsen, T., Stockwell, B. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-Throughput+Screening+of+Patient-Derived+Cultures+Reveals+Potential+for+Precision+Medicine+in+Glioblastoma.">High-Throughput Screening of Patient-Derived Cultures Reveals Potential for Precision Medicine in Glioblastoma.</a> ACS Med Chem Lett. 6 (8), 948-952 (2015).</li><li>Ma, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Towards+personalized+medicine+with+a+three-dimensional+micro-scale+perfusion-based+two-chamber+tissue+model+system.">Towards personalized medicine with a three-dimensional micro-scale perfusion-based two-chamber tissue model system.</a> Biomaterials. 33 (17), 4353-4361 (2012).</li><li>Pedron, S., Becka, E., Harley, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+glioma+cell+phenotype+in+3D+matrices+by+hyaluronic+acid.">Regulation of glioma cell phenotype in 3D matrices by hyaluronic acid.</a> Biomaterials. 34 (30), 7408-7417 (2013).</li><li>Rape, A., Ananthanarayanan, B., Kumar, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engineering+strategies+to+mimic+the+glioblastoma+microenvironment.">Engineering strategies to mimic the glioblastoma microenvironment.</a> Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 79-90, 172-183 (2014).</li><li>Willey, C. D., Gilbert, A. N., Anderson, J. C., Gillespie, G. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-Derived+Xenografts+as+a+Model+System+for+Radiation+Research.">Patient-Derived Xenografts as a Model System for Radiation Research.</a> Semin Radiat Oncol. 25 (4), 273-280 (2015).</li></ol>

プロトコル内の重要なステップは、主に世代をmicrotumorに関連するだけでなく、薬剤投与とメンテナンス。 microtumorビーズが壊れやすく、簡単に引き裂かれたので、細心の注意をアッセイおよびメンテナンスの発達段階の両方で必要とされます。エラーがこれらのプロセスのいずれかの間に発生した場合は、実験的な解釈は、拡張機能や実験の不必要な繰り返しやデータのさえ排除を引き起こ?...

最も一般的な原発頭蓋内悪性脳腫瘍は、グレードIII星状細胞腫およびグレードIVの多形性膠芽腫 （神経膠芽腫またはGBM）です。米国1-3でGBMに対する現在の治療と15ヶ月-これらの腫瘍は、12の間の中央値1年生存率と予後不良を提供しています。マルチモダリティ療法は、テモゾロミド（TMZ）およびキナーゼを標的とする薬剤を含む外科手術、放射線、および化学療法が含まれます。キナーゼシグナル伝達は、頻繁に上皮成長因子受容体（EGFR）、血小板由来増殖因子受容体（PDGFR）の増加、シグナリング、増加したホスファチジルイノシトール3キナーゼ（PI3K）とにおける増幅を有する腫瘍のサブセットまたは活性化変異を含む、GBMで調節不全されます血管内皮増殖因子受容体（VEGFR）、ならびに他のキ ​​ナーゼ駆動経路4-6を介して血管新生シグナル伝達を支援する腫瘍。 in vitroおよびin vivoモデルで現在は頻繁にこれらの代表的な変化を失います&lt;SUP&gt; 7。さらに、遺伝的プロファイリングは、遺伝的およびエピジェネティックな変化は常に標的剤、ほとんどのキナーゼが直接作用するタンパク質活性のレベルで変化を予測せず、他の作用機序を持つ治療法がどこに作用することができるという事実を反映している可能性が予想される利益を提供していません間接的に。 無限に継代することができる伝統的な不死化細胞株は、長いによるメンテナンスや再現が容易に薬物検査のための標準となっています。しかし、このモデルは、高速、元の腫瘍から大きく異なる細胞を増殖させるための選択の高い栄養素（人工）成長環境に苦しんでいます。このように、患者に存在するように、より複雑な腫瘍生物系を反映する、より現実的なモデル系を開発することにかなりの関心が集まっています。腫瘍異種移植片は、マウスで増殖させた原発腫瘍（「xenoline、「患者由来の異種移植片またはPDX）専らから直接開発しますそれらは、より確実に臨床的成功を予測することが8以上の反射生物学にもかかわらず感じられるようにデは、特に癌治療の設定で複数の反射モデル系は、これらのモデルは、高価であり、確立し、維持するのが困難です。さらに、それらは、ハイスループット試験に適していません。より良い、より正確に原発腫瘍の分子変化を反映して、遺伝子マーカーの代理、キナーゼ活性の直接的尺度を使用して、これらのモデルをしないプロファイルおよびテストするために生物学的モデルを開発する必要性が、明らかです。 よく、二次元（2D）単層培養とは異なり、3次元または多分析モデルは、より生理学的に関連するエンドポイント9-11を提供することができることが認識されます。一般的な3D培養手法は、マトリックスコートしたマイクロキャリアおよび細胞スフェロイド形成を伴います。腫瘍スフェロイドは、スピナーフラスコのpHEMA板と懸滴技術を使用して細胞凝集を介して生成することができます。トンの制限事項HESEアプローチは、次のとおりです。安定したスフェロイドを形成するためにいくつかの細胞のための不能、混合細胞型と成長と課題の変動を。あるいは、合成（ハイドロゲル、ポリマー）およびマウス肉腫から動物由来エンゲル・ホルム-スウォーム（EHS）行列多く、ウシコラーゲン）行列は3D培養のために開発されてきた12-14を研究しています。マウスEHSマトリックスは、広く使用されるが、in vitroおよびin vivo 15細胞の増殖および分化を促進することが知られています。 3D腫瘍生物学を複製するためには、人間のバイオマトリックスシステムは、博士のRaj Singh氏らによって開発された。16。 天然の、成長因子を含まないヒトのバイオゲルは、複数の細胞型の長期培養をサポートする3D培養の足場（ビーズ、ディスク）を可能にします。 3Dヒトバイオゲル培養設計のシリーズは、腫瘍増殖、接着、血管新生および浸潤特性を研究するための確立されています。利点と人間のバイオゲルのプロパティ共通に比べて、マウスEHSゲルは、表1および表2にまとめます。 <table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always"><tbody><tr><td> ソース： </td><td> 人間Amnions（プールされた組織） 病原体を含まない、IRB-免除/承認</td></tr><tr><td> ECMの性質： </td><td> 非変性バイオゲル （GLP-生産） </td></tr><tr><td> キー コンポーネント： </td><td> COL-I（38％）、ラミニン（22％）、COL-IV（20％）、COL-III（7％）、エンタクチンおよびHSPG（&lt;3％） </td></tr><tr><td> GF-フリー： </td><td> 検出不可能 EGF、FGF、TGF、VEGF、PDGF（非血管新生性、非毒性） </td></tr></tbody></table> 表1：一般的なEHSゲルと比較して、ヒトバイオゲルのプロパティ。 <table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-wiTH-next.within-ページ= &quot;常に&quot;&gt; <tbody><tr><td> 人間バイオゲル </td><td> EHSゲル </td></tr><tr><td>人間の自然な行列</td><td>再構成されたマウスの行列</td></tr><tr><td>制御された細胞増殖＆分化</td><td>細胞増殖＆分化を促進することができます</td></tr><tr><td>生理学的遺伝子発現</td><td>可変遺伝子発現</td></tr><tr><td> 3D組織様培養モデル</td><td>プレートベース培養モデル</td></tr></tbody></table> 表2：一般的なEHSゲルと比較して、ヒトバイオゲルの利点。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1142">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Collagenase-I&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CO130</td>
			<td style="width:496px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Trypsin EDTA (10X)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15400-054&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Neurobasal-A</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10888-022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">N-2 Supplement</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17502-048</td>
			<td>1x final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">B-27 Supplement w/o Vitamin A</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12587-010</td>
			<td>1x final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Recombinant Human FGF-basic</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PHG0266</td>
			<td>10 ng/mL final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Recombinant Human EGF</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PGH0315</td>
			<td>10 ng/mL final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">L-Glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Corning Cellgro Mediatech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25-005-CI</td>
			<td>2 mM final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Fungizone</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Omega Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FG-70</td>
			<td>2.5 ug/mL final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Penicillin Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Omega Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PS-20</td>
			<td>100 U/mL Penicillin G, 100 ug/mL Streptomycin final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Gentamicin</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15750-060</td>
			<td>50 ng/mL final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">MTT</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M6494</td>
			<td>prepared to 5 mg/mL in PBS and sterile filtered, 1 mg/mL in well</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">SDS</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP166</td>
			<td>for MTT lysis buffer, prepared to 10% in 0.01M HCL, 5% in well</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">HCl</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A144SI-212</td>
			<td>for MTT lysis buffer, prepared to 0.01M with SDS, 5 mM in well</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Calcein AM</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C1430</td>
			<td>1 mM in DMSO stock, 2 uM in PBS staining solution, 1 uM in well</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Halt&#8217;s Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor cocktail&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pierce ThermoScientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">78420</td>
			<td>1:100 ratio in MPER&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Halt&#39;s Protein Protease Inhibitor&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pierce ThermoScientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">87786</td>
			<td>1:100 ratio in MPER</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent (MPER)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pierce ThermoScientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PI78501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Trypan Blue</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pierce ThermoScientific</td>
			<td>15250-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP231</td>
			<td>for dissolution of calcein AM &#38; compounds</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Phosphate-Buffered Saline without Ca/Mg</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17-517Q</td>
			<td>diluted to 1X with MiliQ ultrapure water and sterile filtered (for cell culture)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate-Buffered Saline with Ca/Mg</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Corning Cellgro Mediatech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">20-030-CV</td>
			<td>diluted to 1X with MiliQ ultrapure water (for pre-fixation wash)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">10% Neutral Buffered Formalin</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Protocol</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">032-060</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Trypan Blue</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pierce ThermoScientific</td>
			<td>15250-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">High Density Hubiogel</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Vivo Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HDHG-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Halt&#39;s Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pierce</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">78420</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Halt&#39;s Protein Protease Inhibitor</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pierce</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">87786</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent (MPER)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">78501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) Array Profiling chip</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">86312</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">PTK kinase buffer</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">36000</td>
			<td>300 &#181;l 10X PK buffer stock in 2.7 ml dH20, catalog number for PTK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">ATP</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">36000</td>
			<td>catalog number for PTK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PY20- FITC-conjugated antibody</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">36000</td>
			<td>catalog number for PTK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PTK Additive</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32114</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PTK-MM1 tube (10X BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">36000</td>
			<td>catalog number for PTK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Serine/Threonine Kinase (STK) Array Profiling chip</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td>87102</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">STK kinase buffer</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32205</td>
			<td>catalog number for STK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">STK Primary Antibody Mix (DMAB tube)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32205</td>
			<td>catalog number for STK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">FITC-conjugated Secondary Antibody</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32203</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">STK-MM1 tube (100X BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32205</td>
			<td>catalog number for STK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">STK Antibody Buffer</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32205</td>
			<td>catalog number for STK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:184px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">#11 Blades, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3120030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">#3 scalpel handles, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">08-913-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">100mm glass Petri dishes</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">08-748D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Semicurved forceps</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12-460-318</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Trypsinizing flask</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10-042-12B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Magnetic stirrer</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14-490-200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">3/4&#34; stir bar</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>14-512-125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">B-D cell strainer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#352340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">B-D 50ml Centrifuge tube</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>#352098</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">PamStation 12</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">BioNavigator 6.0 kinomic analysis software&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Evolve Kinase Assay Software</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">UpKin App software (upstream kinase prediction)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">gentleMACS Dissociator</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">130-093-235</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Rotary Cell Culture System (RCCS)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Synthecon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RCCS-D</td>
			<td>with 10 mL disposable HARV</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generation of microtumors using 3d human biogel culture system and patient-derived glioblastoma cells for kinomic profiling and drug response testing

The use of patient-derived xenografts for modeling cancers has provided important insight into cancer biology and drug responsiveness. However, they are time consuming, expensive, and labor intensive. To overcome these obstacles, many research groups have turned to spheroid cultures of cancer cells. While useful, tumor spheroids or aggregates do not replicate cell-matrix interactions as found in vivo. As such, three-dimensional (3D) culture approaches utilizing an extracellular matrix scaffold provide a more realistic model system for investigation. Starting from subcutaneous or intracranial xenografts, tumor tissue is dissociated into a single cell suspension akin to cancer stem cell neurospheres. These cells are then embedded into a human-derived extracellular matrix, 3D human biogel, to generate a large number of microtumors. Interestingly, microtumors can be cultured for about a month with high viability and can be used for drug response testing using standard cytotoxicity assays such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and live cell imaging using Calcein-AM. Moreover, they can be analyzed via immunohistochemistry or harvested for molecular profiling, such as array-based high-throughput kinomic profiling, which is detailed here as well. 3D microtumors, thus, represent a versatile high-throughput model system that can more closely replicate in vivo tumor biology than traditional approaches.

我々は、3Dバイオゲル培養系は、複数の細胞型の長期的成長と機能をサポートしていることを示しています。この共同プロジェクトでは、患者由来のGBM xenolines（PDX）は微小腫瘍の数百を製造するために使用されています。解離した細胞（3×10 5）またはニューロスフェア（40 - 50）バイオゲルビーズ（2mm）に包埋し、迅速なゲル化した後、それらはNB-媒体充填カ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing at JoVE.

Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing

Patient-derived xenografts of glioblastoma multiforme can be miniaturized into living microtumors using 3D human biogel culture system. This in vivo-like 3D tumor assay is suitable for drug response testing and molecular profiling, including kinomic analysis.

Kinomicプロファイリングと薬物反応検査のための3D人間バイオゲル培養システムと患者由来の神経膠芽腫細胞を用いた微小腫瘍の発生

The use of patient-derived xenografts for modeling cancers has provided important insight into cancer biology and drug responsiveness. However, they are ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Identification and Isolation of Slow-Dividing Cells in Human Glioblastoma Using Carboxy Fluorescein Succinimidyl Ester (CFSE)

Identification and Isolation of Slow-Dividing Cells in Human Glioblastoma Using Carboxy Fluorescein Succinimidyl Ester CFSE

カルボキシフルオレセインスクシンイミジルエステル（CFSE）を用いてヒト神経膠芽腫のスロー非分裂細胞の同定および単離

Tumor heterogeneity represents a fundamental feature supporting tumor robustness and presents a central obstacle to the development of therapeutic ...

Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods

単離、特徴付けと二つの異なる方法を使用して永久歯に由来するヒト歯髄幹細胞の分化の比較

Developing wisdom teeth are easy-accessible source of stem cells during the adulthood which could be obtained by routine orthodontic treatments. Human ...

Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma

Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma

CD133の患者由来の細胞培養および分離<sup&gt; +</supメラノーマから&gt;推定されるがん幹細胞

Despite improved treatments options for melanoma available today, patients with advanced malignant melanoma still have a poor prognosis for ...

Isolation, Cryopreservation and Culture of Human Amnion Epithelial Cells for Clinical Applications

臨床応用のためのヒト羊膜上皮細胞の単離、凍結保存と文化

Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) derived from term or pre-term amnion membranes have attracted attention from researchers and clinicians as a ...

Generation of Prostate Cancer Patient Derived Xenograft Models from Circulating Tumor Cells

前立腺癌患者の発生は、循環腫瘍細胞からの異種移植モデルを派生します

Patient derived xenograft (PDX) models are gaining popularity in cancer research and are used for preclinical drug evaluation, biomarker identification, ...

A Brain Tumor/Organotypic Slice Co-culture System for Studying Tumor Microenvironment and Targeted Drug Therapies

腫瘍微小環境と標的薬物療法研究のための脳の腫瘍/器官スライス共培養系

Brain tumors are a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Developing new therapeutics for these cancers is difficult, as many of these ...

A Human Glioblastoma Organotypic Slice Culture Model for Study of Tumor Cell Migration and Patient-specific Effects of Anti-Invasive Drugs

腫瘍細胞移動の研究および抗浸潤性薬物の患者特異的効果の研究のためのヒト神経膠芽腫の器官型スライス培養モデル

Glioblastoma (GBM) continues to carry an extremely poor clinical prognosis despite surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiation therapy. Progressive tumor ...

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells

ヒト下垂体腺腫細胞の三次元アルギン酸ビーズ文化

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from ...

Generation of a Humanized Mouse Liver Using Human Hepatic Stem Cells

ヒト肝幹細胞を用いたヒト化マウス肝臓の生成

A novel animal model involving chimeric mice with humanized livers established via human hepatocyte transplantation has been developed. These mice, in ...

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

薬物転用仮説生成の使用」RE：罰金薬「システム

The promise of drug repurposing is that existing drugs may be used for new disease indications in order to curb the high costs and time for approval. The ...