Name: generation of microtumors using 3d human biogel culture system and patient-derived glioblastoma cells for kinomic profiling and drug response testing
Uploaded: 2016-06-09T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing at JoVE.

, 뇌 종양 SPORE 상 (PD : GY 길레스피, P20CA 151129-03)과 SBIR 계약 (PI : R. 싱, N43CO-2013-00026) : NIH R21 부여 (C. Willey, CA185712-01 PI)에 의해 지원됩니다.

참고 : 모든 이종 이식 치료 평가는 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회에 의해 승인 된 프로토콜에 아교 모세포종에 대한 동 소성 종양 모델을 사용하여 수행 하였다. 환자 유래 GBM 이종 이식 세포의 1. 분리 <ol><li> 시약의 제조 <ol><li> 5 ㎎ / ㎖ 멸균 필터의 농도로 멸균 콜라게나 제 I을 다시 구성한다. -20 ℃에서 1 mL의 분취 량의 쇼핑몰 (최종 농도가 100 ㎖의 효소 용?...

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프로토콜 내에서 중요한 단계는 주로 생성뿐만 아니라 약물 투여 및 유지 microtumor에 관한 것이다. microtumor 비즈 깨지기 쉽게 찢어 때문에, 극도의주의는 분석 및 유지 보수의 발달 단계에 모두 필요합니다. 에러가 이러한 공정 중 하나가 발생했을 경우, 실험 해석 확장하거나 불필요한 반복 실험 데이터 또는 심지어 배제를 초래 손상 될 수있다. 수정 및 문제 해결, 특히 microtu...

가장 일반적인 기본 두개 내 악성 뇌 종양은 등급 III 성상 세포종과 등급 IV의 아교 모세포종의 홍반 (아교 모세포종 또는 GBM)입니다. 미국 1-3 GBM 현재 치료와 15개월 -이 종양은 12 사이의 평균 일 년 생존율 가난한 예후를 제공합니다. Multimodality 치료는 테모 졸로 마이드 (TMZ) 및 키나제 타겟 에이전트를 포함한 수술, 방사선, 화학 요법 등이 있습니다. 키나제 신호는 자주 표피 성장 인자 수용체 (EGFR), 혈소판 유래 성장 인자 수용체 (PDGFR)의 증가 신호 증가 포스파티딜 이노시톨-3 키나아제 (PI3K)과의 증폭과 종양의 하위 집합 또는 활성화 돌연변이를 포함, GBM에서 조절 곤란된다 혈관 내피 성장 인자 수용체 (VEGFR)뿐만 아니라 기타 키나아제 중심 경로를 통해 혈관 신생 4-6 시그널링을 지원 종양. 생체 외 및 생체 내 모델은 자주이 대표 변경을 잃을 현재 &lt;SUP&gt; 7. 또한, 유전 적 프로파일 유전 및 후생 유전 학적 변화는 항상 제 타겟팅 가장 키나아제 직접 작용 단백질 활성의 수준에서의 변화를 예측할 수없고, 동작의 다른 메커니즘 요법 여기서 작용할 수 있다는 사실을 반영 예상 이익을 제공하지 간접적으로. 무한히 계대 수있는 전통적인 불멸화 세포주 긴 인한 유지 및 재현성의 용이성에 약물 시험을위한 표준이었다. 그러나이 모델은 빠르게 원래의 종양에서 크게 차이가 세포 성장을 위해 선택하는 고 영양 (인공) 성장 환경에서 겪고있다. 이와 같이, 환자에 존재하는 등의보다 복잡한 종양 생물학적 시스템을 반영보다 현실적인 모델 시스템을 개발하는데 상당한 관심이 있었다. 종양 이종 이식 생쥐에서 자란 차 종양 ( &quot;xenoline,&quot;환자 유래의 이종 이식 또는 PDX) 있습니다 provi에서 직접 개발이들은보다 확실 임상 적 성공을 예측. 8 이상의 반사 생물학 불구 생각대로 데 특히 암 치료제의 설정에서 더 반사 모델 시스템은, 이러한 모델은 고가이며 수립하고 유지하기 어렵다. 또한, 이들은 높은 처리량 연구 의무가 없다. 필요성이 더 더 정확하게 유전자 마커를 대리하지, 기본 종양에서 분자 변화를 반영하고, 프로파일 및 키나제 활성을 직접 측정을 사용하여 이러한 모델을 테스트 생물학적 모델을 개발하기 위해 분명하다. 이 아니라 2 차원 단층 배양과는 달리, 3 차원 또는 다세포 분석 모델보다 생리 관련 엔드 9-11을 제공 할 수 있다고 인식된다. 일반적인 3D 배양 기질 코팅 미세 전달체 셀 타원체 형성을 수반 접근한다. 종양 타원체는 스피너 플라스크, PHEMA 플레이트를 사용하여 드롭 기술을 걸려 휴대 집계를 통해 생성 할 수 있습니다. t에 대한 제한 사항HESE 방법은 다음과 같습니다 : 일부 세포가 혼합 된 세포 유형으로 안정된 회전 타원체, 변동 성장과 도전을 형성 할 수 없음을. 또한, 많은 합성 (하이드로 겔 폴리머) 및 Engelbreth가-홀름 - 떼 행렬이 3D 문화를 위해 개발 된 마우스 육종에서 (EHS) 행렬, 소 콜라겐)이 12 ~ 14을 연구하는 동물 유래. 마우스 EHS 행렬은 광범위하게 사용되고 있지만, 시험 관내 및 생체 내 (15)에 세포 증식 및 분화를 촉진하는 것으로 알려져있다. 3D 종양 생물학을 복제하기 위해, 인간 biomatrix 시스템 박사 라즈 싱 등. (16)에 의해 개발되었다. 천연 성장 인자없이 인체를 Biogel 여러 종류의 세포의 장기 배양을 지원 3D 배양 지지체 (비드, 디스크)를 허용한다. 3D 인간의를 Biogel 문화 디자인의 일련의 종양 성장, 접착, 혈관 신생과 침략 속성을 공부 설정됩니다. 장점과 인간의를 Biogel의 특성을 일반에 비해마우스 EHS 겔은 표 1 및 표 2에 요약되어있다. <table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always"><tbody><tr><td> 출처: </td><td> 인간 Amnions (풀링 조직) 병원체가없는, IRB 면제는 / 승인 </td></tr><tr><td> ECM 자연 : </td><td> 비 변성를 Biogel (GLP-생산) </td></tr><tr><td> 키 구성 요소 : </td><td> COL-I (38 %), 라미닌 (22 %), COL-IV (20 %), COL-III (7 %) 및 ​​Entactin HSPG (&lt;3 %) </td></tr><tr><td> GF-무료 : </td><td> 탐지 EGF, FGF, TGF, VEGF, PDGF (비 혈관, 비 독성) </td></tr></tbody></table> 표 1 : 일반 EHS 젤에 비해 인간의 등록 정보를 Biogel. <table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-wi일 - next.within 페이지 = &quot;항상&quot;&gt; <tbody><tr><td> 인간의를 Biogel </td><td> EHS 젤 </td></tr><tr><td> 자연 인간의 행렬 </td><td> 재구성 마우스 행렬 </td></tr><tr><td> 제어 된 세포 증식 및 분화 </td><td> 세포의 성장 및 분화를 촉진 할 수 </td></tr><tr><td> 생리적 유전자 발현 </td><td> 가변 유전자 발현 </td></tr><tr><td> 3D 조직 같은 문화 모델 </td><td> 플레이트 기반 문화 모델 </td></tr></tbody></table> 표 2 : 일반 EHS 젤에 비해 인간를 Biogel 장점.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1142">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Collagenase-I&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CO130</td>
			<td style="width:496px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Trypsin EDTA (10X)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15400-054&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Neurobasal-A</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10888-022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">N-2 Supplement</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17502-048</td>
			<td>1x final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">B-27 Supplement w/o Vitamin A</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12587-010</td>
			<td>1x final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Recombinant Human FGF-basic</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PHG0266</td>
			<td>10 ng/mL final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Recombinant Human EGF</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PGH0315</td>
			<td>10 ng/mL final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">L-Glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Corning Cellgro Mediatech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25-005-CI</td>
			<td>2 mM final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Fungizone</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Omega Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FG-70</td>
			<td>2.5 ug/mL final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Penicillin Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Omega Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PS-20</td>
			<td>100 U/mL Penicillin G, 100 ug/mL Streptomycin final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Gentamicin</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15750-060</td>
			<td>50 ng/mL final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">MTT</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M6494</td>
			<td>prepared to 5 mg/mL in PBS and sterile filtered, 1 mg/mL in well</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">SDS</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP166</td>
			<td>for MTT lysis buffer, prepared to 10% in 0.01M HCL, 5% in well</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">HCl</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A144SI-212</td>
			<td>for MTT lysis buffer, prepared to 0.01M with SDS, 5 mM in well</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Calcein AM</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C1430</td>
			<td>1 mM in DMSO stock, 2 uM in PBS staining solution, 1 uM in well</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Halt&#8217;s Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor cocktail&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pierce ThermoScientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">78420</td>
			<td>1:100 ratio in MPER&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Halt&#39;s Protein Protease Inhibitor&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pierce ThermoScientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">87786</td>
			<td>1:100 ratio in MPER</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent (MPER)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pierce ThermoScientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PI78501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Trypan Blue</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pierce ThermoScientific</td>
			<td>15250-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP231</td>
			<td>for dissolution of calcein AM &#38; compounds</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Phosphate-Buffered Saline without Ca/Mg</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17-517Q</td>
			<td>diluted to 1X with MiliQ ultrapure water and sterile filtered (for cell culture)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate-Buffered Saline with Ca/Mg</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Corning Cellgro Mediatech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">20-030-CV</td>
			<td>diluted to 1X with MiliQ ultrapure water (for pre-fixation wash)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">10% Neutral Buffered Formalin</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Protocol</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">032-060</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Trypan Blue</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pierce ThermoScientific</td>
			<td>15250-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">High Density Hubiogel</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Vivo Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HDHG-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Halt&#39;s Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pierce</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">78420</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Halt&#39;s Protein Protease Inhibitor</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pierce</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">87786</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent (MPER)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">78501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) Array Profiling chip</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">86312</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">PTK kinase buffer</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">36000</td>
			<td>300 &#181;l 10X PK buffer stock in 2.7 ml dH20, catalog number for PTK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">ATP</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">36000</td>
			<td>catalog number for PTK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PY20- FITC-conjugated antibody</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">36000</td>
			<td>catalog number for PTK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PTK Additive</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32114</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PTK-MM1 tube (10X BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">36000</td>
			<td>catalog number for PTK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Serine/Threonine Kinase (STK) Array Profiling chip</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td>87102</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">STK kinase buffer</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32205</td>
			<td>catalog number for STK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">STK Primary Antibody Mix (DMAB tube)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32205</td>
			<td>catalog number for STK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">FITC-conjugated Secondary Antibody</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32203</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">STK-MM1 tube (100X BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32205</td>
			<td>catalog number for STK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">STK Antibody Buffer</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32205</td>
			<td>catalog number for STK reagent kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:184px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">#11 Blades, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3120030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">#3 scalpel handles, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">08-913-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">100mm glass Petri dishes</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">08-748D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Semicurved forceps</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12-460-318</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Trypsinizing flask</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10-042-12B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Magnetic stirrer</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14-490-200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">3/4&#34; stir bar</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>14-512-125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">B-D cell strainer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#352340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">B-D 50ml Centrifuge tube</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>#352098</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">PamStation 12</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">BioNavigator 6.0 kinomic analysis software&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Evolve Kinase Assay Software</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">UpKin App software (upstream kinase prediction)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">PamGene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">gentleMACS Dissociator</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">130-093-235</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Rotary Cell Culture System (RCCS)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Synthecon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RCCS-D</td>
			<td>with 10 mL disposable HARV</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generation of microtumors using 3d human biogel culture system and patient-derived glioblastoma cells for kinomic profiling and drug response testing

The use of patient-derived xenografts for modeling cancers has provided important insight into cancer biology and drug responsiveness. However, they are time consuming, expensive, and labor intensive. To overcome these obstacles, many research groups have turned to spheroid cultures of cancer cells. While useful, tumor spheroids or aggregates do not replicate cell-matrix interactions as found in vivo. As such, three-dimensional (3D) culture approaches utilizing an extracellular matrix scaffold provide a more realistic model system for investigation. Starting from subcutaneous or intracranial xenografts, tumor tissue is dissociated into a single cell suspension akin to cancer stem cell neurospheres. These cells are then embedded into a human-derived extracellular matrix, 3D human biogel, to generate a large number of microtumors. Interestingly, microtumors can be cultured for about a month with high viability and can be used for drug response testing using standard cytotoxicity assays such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and live cell imaging using Calcein-AM. Moreover, they can be analyzed via immunohistochemistry or harvested for molecular profiling, such as array-based high-throughput kinomic profiling, which is detailed here as well. 3D microtumors, thus, represent a versatile high-throughput model system that can more closely replicate in vivo tumor biology than traditional approaches.

우리는 3D를 Biogel 배양 시스템은 여러 종류의 세포 장기 성장 및 기능을 지원하는 것을 보여준다. 이 공동 프로젝트에서, 환자 유래 GBM의 xenolines (PDX)는 microtumors의 수백을 생산하는 데 사용됩니다. 해리 세포 (3 × 10 5) 또는 neurosphere를 (40-50)는를 Biogel 비즈 (2mm)에 포함 된 빠른 겔화 후 그들은 NB-미디어 작성 사용자 정의 생물 반응기에서 배양한다. 세포 생존 능력 (?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing at JoVE.

Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing

Patient-derived xenografts of glioblastoma multiforme can be miniaturized into living microtumors using 3D human biogel culture system. This in vivo-like 3D tumor assay is suitable for drug response testing and molecular profiling, including kinomic analysis.

Kinomic 프로파일 의약품 응답 테스트를위한 3D 인간의를 Biogel 문화 시스템을 사용 Microtumors 및 환자 유래 아교 모세포종 세포의 생성

The use of patient-derived xenografts for modeling cancers has provided important insight into cancer biology and drug responsiveness. However, they are ...

The overall goal of this patient derived glioblastoma 3D microtumor culture system is to enable high-throughput drug testing with a corresponding molecular profiling assay, such as kinomic testing. This method can help answer key questions in the cancer field, such as, why do certain therapies work well in one patient's tumor but not in another? The main advantage of this technique is that it provides a miniature yet realistic tumor culture system suitable for therapy testing.Generally, individuals new to this method will struggle because handling the patient derived xenograft cells is not like handling long established, immortalized tumor cells. This is due to their fragility and sensitivity to changing culture conditions. Visual demonstration of this method is critical, as the microtumor generation steps are difficult to learn through description only, due to their unique and complex method of production.Demonstrating the tumor disaggregation procedure will be Catherine Langford, the senior technician and lab manager in my laboratory. Demonstrating the microtumor generation and drug dosing procedures will be Rachael Shevin, a technician in my lab. Using forceps, blunt dissect to gently free the tumor mass from the peritoneal wall and the skin, and transfer the tumor mass to a sterile glass Petri dish.Then, use a sterile scalpel with a number 11 blade and sterile semi-curved forceps to debride the tumor tissue of any necrotic tissue and membranous host connective tissue. Wash the cleaned tumors with sterile RPMI three to five times to remove the excess blood, gently tilting the dish between rinses to remove the wash. After the final wash, use two number 11 scalpel blades to finely mince the tumors.Then, use sterile semi-curved forceps to transfer the tumors into a dissociation tube containing enzyme solution. Place the tube into a cellular dissociator, and select the Tumor 2 program. Click Start"to run the dissociator for 37 seconds.Then transfer the tube to a rotator and place the rotator in a 37 degree Celsius incubator for 40 minutes. At the end of the incubation, place the tube back on the dissociator and run the Tumor 3 program for 37 seconds. At the end of the program, centrifuge the cells and re-suspend the pellet in 10 milliliters of serum free RPMI with gentle mixing.Next, slowly load the cells onto a 40 micron cell strainer in a new 50 milliliter tube, and allow the suspension to drip through the filter by gravity. Gently lift the tab of the cell strainer in between each new addition of cells, breaking the vacuum between the strainer and the tube to allow the suspended cells to pass freely through the mesh. When all of the cells have been filtered, spin down the single cell suspension and re-suspend the pellet in 10 milliliters of complete Neurobasal Medium.Then, determine the number of viable cells by trypan blue exclusion, and place the cells on ice. To generate the microtumors, spin down the dissociated patient derived glioblastoma xenoline cells and re-suspend the pellet at 50, 000 cells per two microliters of FBS. Next, dilute the cells in ice cold high density human biogel at a one to four cell to biogel ratio.Then, use an electronic multichannel pipette to dispense 10 microliters of cell mixture per pin onto a 96 pin steel plate with hydrophobic coating. It's important to prevent bubbles when mixing the cells, medium, and biogel, while still working quickly and efficiently to generate the microtumors before the human biogel begins to solidify on the pins. When all of the microtumors have been plated, transfer the 3D tumors into a tissue culture incubator for 20 minutes to gelate the tumor beads.At the end of the incubation, transfer the microtumors to a 10 centimeter culture dish containing complete Neurobasal Medium and return the tumors to the incubator. After one to two days, use a wide mouth dispensing pipette to transfer the microtumors into the wells of a 96 well culture plate, containing 50 microliters of Neurobasal Medium per well, and add 50 microliters of the appropriate dosing solution to each well. Maintain the treated microtumors in the tissue culture incubator for one to 14 days, feeding the tumors twice weekly with a fresh medium and drug solution.To evaluate the microtumor cell morphology, on days one, seven, and fourteen of culture, label the microtumors with one micromolar of freshly diluted Calcein-AM per well in the tissue culture incubator for 20 minutes. Then, image the tumors by flourescence microscopy at two, four, and 10x magnifications. To assess the microtumor growth, and days one, seven, and 14, treat the cultures with 20 microliters of freshly prepared MTT for two hours in the tissue culture incubator.At the end of the incubation, lyse the tumors with freshly prepared, 10%SDS lysis buffer at a one to one ratio to the culture well volumes, and seal the plate. Then incubate the microtumors in the lysis buffer overnight at 37 degrees Celsius, and read the absorbance at 570 nanometers on a multi-plate reader the next morning. Through live cell imaging Calcein-AM as just demonstrated, the cell growth and viability of the microtumors, as well as the effects of the drug therapies on these functions, can be evaluated.As observed, untreated microtumors and microtumors with a known resistance to the experimental drug treatment display a continuous growth pattern over a two week culture period. These TMZ sensitive tumor cells, however, demonstrate a reduced cell growth by the end of the culture in response to the highest concentration of TMZ treatment by MTT assay. Interestingly, kinase signaling in TMZ resistant microtumors reveals a number of peptides with significantly altered intensities after the 10 micromolar TMZ treatment.Indeed, in this representative experiment, analysis of these altered kinomic profiles using upstream kinase prediction software identified specific alterations in SYK, LCK, and CTK tyrosine kinase and a number of serine/threonine kinase intensities, suggesting potential novel therapeutic targets that may help overcome tumor treatment resistance. Once mastered, the tumor disaggregation can be completed in two hours if it is performed properly. The microtumor generation and drug dosing techniques can be completed in three hours total if they are performed properly.In the future, this model system could be used as a proband style avatar system, in which a patient's tumor is molecularly matched to an existing patient derived microtumor library to inform the clinician of the best choice of therapy.

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Identification and Isolation of Slow-Dividing Cells in Human Glioblastoma Using Carboxy Fluorescein Succinimidyl Ester (CFSE)

Identification and Isolation of Slow-Dividing Cells in Human Glioblastoma Using Carboxy Fluorescein Succinimidyl Ester CFSE

카르복시 Fluorescein Succinimidyl 에스터 (CFSE)를 사용 인간 Glioblastoma의 속도가 느린 - 나누면 전지의 식별 및 분리

Tumor heterogeneity represents a fundamental feature supporting tumor robustness and presents a central obstacle to the development of therapeutic ...

연구

의학

Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods

인간 치과 펄프의 줄기 세포의 분리, 특성화 및 비교 차별화 두 가지 방법을 사용하여 영구 치아에서 파생

Developing wisdom teeth are easy-accessible source of stem cells during the adulthood which could be obtained by routine orthodontic treatments. Human ...

Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma

Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma

환자 유래 세포 배양 및 CD133의 절연<sup&gt; +</sup흑종에서&gt; Putative 암 줄기 세포

Despite improved treatments options for melanoma available today, patients with advanced malignant melanoma still have a poor prognosis for ...

Generation of Prostate Cancer Patient Derived Xenograft Models from Circulating Tumor Cells

전립선 암 환자의 발생은 종양 세포를 순환에서 이종 이식 모델을 파생

Patient derived xenograft (PDX) models are gaining popularity in cancer research and are used for preclinical drug evaluation, biomarker identification, ...

A Brain Tumor/Organotypic Slice Co-culture System for Studying Tumor Microenvironment and Targeted Drug Therapies

약물 치료를 종양 미세 환경을 공부하고 대상에 대한 뇌종양 / Organotypic 슬라이스 공동 문화 시스템

Brain tumors are a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Developing new therapeutics for these cancers is difficult, as many of these ...

Generation of a Humanized Mouse Liver Using Human Hepatic Stem Cells

인간 간 줄기 세포를 이용한 인간형 마우스 간 세대

A novel animal model involving chimeric mice with humanized livers established via human hepatocyte transplantation has been developed. These mice, in ...

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

은 &quot;RE를 : 좋은 약&quot;을 사용하여 의약품 용도 변경 가설 발전 시스템

The promise of drug repurposing is that existing drugs may be used for new disease indications in order to curb the high costs and time for approval. The ...

Forskolin-induced Swelling in Intestinal Organoids: An In Vitro Assay for Assessing Drug Response in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Forskolin-induced Swelling in Intestinal Organoids: An In Vitro Assay for Assessing Drug Response in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

포스 콜린 유발 장내 Organoids에 붓기 일 :<em&gt; 체외</em&gt; 분석 낭포 성 섬유증 환자의 약물 반응을 평가하기위한

Recently-developed cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-modulating drugs correct surface expression and/or function of the mutant ...

Assessment of the Anticoagulant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Endothelial Cells Using 3D Cell Culture and Non-anticoagulated Whole Blood

3D 세포 배양 및 비 anticoagulated 전 혈을 사용 하 여 내 피 세포의 항 응 혈 약 그리고 항 염증 제 속성에 대 한 평가

In vivo, endothelial cells are crucial for the natural anticoagulation of circulating blood. Consequently, endothelial cell activation leads to blood ...

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

근육의 불균형: 테스트 및 기능 편심 햄 스트링 운동 인구 강도 훈련

Many hamstring injuries that occur during physical activity occur while the muscles are lengthening, during eccentric hamstring muscle actions. Opposite ...